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Memory type range registers (MTRRs) are a set of processor supplementary capability control registers that provide system software with control of how
Memory_type_range_register
Quickly accessible working storage available as part of a digital processor
remain standard between processor generations. Memory type range registers (MTRRs) Internal registers are not accessible by instructions and are used
Processor_register
Control registers in some x86 processors
well-known MSRs are the memory type range registers (MTRRs) and the address-range registers (ARRs). LOADALL "10.6.2 Test Registers". 80386 PROGRAMMER'S REFERENCE
Model-specific_register
software with control of how accesses to memory ranges by the CPU are cached, similar to what memory type range registers (MTRRs) provide on other implementations
Address-range_register
Data storage device
(MOS) memory cells on a silicon integrated circuit memory chip. There are multiple types using different semiconductor technologies. The two main types of
Semiconductor_memory
x86-64 microprocessors. Like memory type range registers (MTRRs), they allow for fine-grained control over how areas of memory are cached, and are a companion
Page_attribute_table
Datum of integral data type
varies between different types of computers. Computer hardware nearly always provides a way to represent a processor register or memory address as an integer
Integer_(computer_science)
Topics referred to by the same term
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase, a human gene Memory Type Range Registers, in computer hardware This disambiguation page lists articles
MTRR
Method of CPU communication
own instructions. Memory-mapped I/O uses the same address space to address both main memory and I/O devices. The memory and registers of the I/O devices
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Type of computer memory
Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM
Static_random-access_memory
Computing technique
memory which does not need strong ordering (always correct) like the frame buffers of video cards. Framebuffer (FB), and when linear: LFB Memory type
Write_combining
General-purpose programming language
general-purpose programming language which emphasizes performance, type safety, concurrency, and memory safety. Rust supports multiple programming paradigms. It
Rust_(programming_language)
Self-correcting computer data storage
Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data
ECC_memory
Reference to a specific memory location
address registers). Programming language constructs often treat the memory like an array. A digital computer's main memory consists of many memory locations
Memory_address
Division of computer's primary memory into separately relocatable segments or sections
Memory segmentation is an operating system memory management technique of dividing a computer's primary memory into segments or sections. In a computer
Memory_segmentation
Sixth-generation x86 microprocessor by Intel
CPU. Memory type range registers (MTRRs) are set automatically by Windows video drivers starting from 1997, and from there the improved cache/memory subsystem
Pentium_Pro
Hypothetical computer by Donald Knuth
describing which rI index register to use) to add to the address; a modification (1 byte) that specifies which parts of the register or memory location will be
MIX_(abstract_machine)
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
device in 1949. The patent described a type of memory that would today be known as a delay-line or shift-register system. Each bit was stored using a pair
Magnetic-core_memory
Form of computer memory
random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). Non-volatile RAM has also been developed and other types of non-volatile memories allow random
Random-access_memory
Component that stores information
located in computer memory. The terms memory, main memory, and primary storage are also used for computer memory. Computer memory is often referred to
Computer_memory
Type of computer memory introduced 2014
Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR4 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory with a high-bandwidth ("double data rate")
DDR4_SDRAM
Line of computers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation
performs the same operations internally in hardware, saving time and memory. Since register masks are a form of data embedded within the executable code, they
VAX
Topics referred to by the same term
register or registration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Register or registration may refer to: Register (music), the relative "height" or range of
Register
Type of computer memory
Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR5 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory. Compared to its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM
DDR5_SDRAM
General-purpose programming language
hardware and memory to be accessed with pointers and type punning, so system-specific features (e.g. Control/Status Registers, I/O registers) can be configured
C_(programming_language)
Range of mainframe computers in the 1960s and 70s
operator: Load the A register with the memory location given by the A register and place the value in the B register at that memory location in a single
Burroughs_Large_Systems
Process for preserving information in DRAM
widely used type of computer memory, and in fact is the defining characteristic of this class of memory. In a DRAM chip, each bit of memory data is stored
Memory_refresh
Data structure
management units, a memory map refers to page tables or hardware registers, which store the mapping between a certain process's virtual memory layout and how
Memory_map
Component primarily utilized for making cushions or mattresses
removed The effects are temperature-dependent, so the temperature range at which memory foam retains its properties is limited. If it is too cold, it hardens
Memory_foam
Theoretical computer used for teaching
Hack emulator program. This keyboard memory map register is read-only (see I/O). Data memory addresses in the range 24577 (0x6001) through 32767 (0x7FFF)
Hack_computer
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell. A DRAM memory cell usually
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Third generation of double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with a high-bandwidth ("double
DDR3_SDRAM
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash
Flash_memory
Data structure in microprocessors
table). Up to the 80286, the IVT always resided at the same location in memory, ranging from 0x0000 to 0x03ff, and consisted of 256 far pointers. Hardware
Interrupt_descriptor_table
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
pointer variable contains a value that is both a valid memory address and within the numerical range that the processor is capable of addressing. In 1955
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Model of human memory
components: a sensory register, where sensory information enters memory, a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
Hardware that translates virtual addresses to physical addresses
references to memory, and translates the memory addresses being referenced, known as virtual memory addresses, into physical addresses in main memory. In modern
Memory_management_unit
Instruction for x86 microprocessors
Instruments contain a memory-based register set for each functional unit that starts with identifiers determining the unit type and model, its ASIC design
CPUID
Pocket calculator
(sin, cos, tan, etc.). The other calculators in the range were the Cambridge Memory, Cambridge Memory % (which came in two different versions), Cambridge
Sinclair_Cambridge
64-bit extension of the ARM architecture
SHA-1/SHA-2 hashing instructions also use these registers A new exception system: Fewer banked registers and modes Memory translation from 48-bit virtual addresses
AArch64
that access memory have an opcode, a field specifying a data register operand, a field specifying a data register used as an index register containing
Plessey_System_250
36-bit computer by Digital (1966–1983)
immediate-to-register, memory-to-register, register-to-memory, register-and-memory-to-both or memory-to-memory. Since registers may be addressed as part of memory
PDP-10
Computer architecture bit width
integer registers. In most processors, only integer or address-registers can be used to address data in memory; the other types of registers cannot. The
64-bit_computing
Digital circuit design abstraction
optimization. At the register-transfer level, some types of circuits can be recognized. If there is a cyclic path of logic from a register's output to its input
Register-transfer_level
Family of computers 1970–1990
The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a range of computers, from entry-level to mainframes, announced as the successors to the System/360 family on June 30, 1970
IBM_System/370
Family of instruction set architectures
instruction cache memory. The relatively small number of general registers (also inherited from its 8-bit ancestors) has made register-relative addressing
X86
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
instructions, data types, registers, and the programming interface for managing main memory such as addressing modes, virtual memory, and memory consistency
Instruction_set_architecture
Feature of computer systems
and read by the CPU. These include a memory address register, a count register, and one or more control registers. Depending on what features the DMA controller
Direct_memory_access
Feature added to a CPU after the design was introduced to the market
supplementary capability does not extend to Floating Point Units (FPUs) or Memory Management Units (MMUs) as these are considered to be fundamental core functionalities
Processor supplementary capability
Processor_supplementary_capability
First-generation computer
failures, the registers (common memories) use electric delay lines instead of flip-flops. A second type of memory is known as Circulating Memories, which act
Bull_Gamma_3
Computer arithmetic error
would be limited by pre-set precision or available system memory. The integer (int) data type typically uses two's complement thus are signed. The 'u'
Integer_overflow
Flash memory card format
introduced the CompactFlash (CF) format, one of the first successful flash memory card types. CF outpaced several competing early formats, including the Miniature
SD_card
Central computer component that executes instructions
processor registers that supply operands to the ALU and store the results of ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory),
Central_processing_unit
Single chip microcontroller series by Intel
computer with separate memory spaces for program instructions and data. Intel's original MCS-51 family was developed using N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor
Intel_MCS-51
Computer architecture bit width
sometimes used to describe a 24-bit data type with the S prefix referring to sesqui.[citation needed] The range of unsigned integers that can be represented
24-bit_computing
Abstract data type
of architectures that use register windows within a register-stack as another strategy to avoid the use of slow main memory for function arguments and
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
8-bit microcontroller family
memory operands can access at most 128K (a 16-bit base address plus 16-bit offset). Depending on the device type, the amount of RAM is in the range of
STM8
Programming language
immune to data races, so type and memory safety can be violated in multithreaded programs that modify shared instances of those types without synchronization
Go_(programming_language)
16-bit computer number format
for an image format that could handle a wide dynamic range, but without the hard drive and memory cost of single or double precision floating point. The
Half-precision floating-point format
Half-precision_floating-point_format
Type of computer memory
Data Rate (LPDDR) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) designed to use less power than conventional memory. It is commonly used
LPDDR
Microcontroller machine language
flash memory for program storage. There are 32 general-purpose 8-bit registers, R0–R31. All arithmetic and logic operations operate on those registers; only
Atmel_AVR_instruction_set
First pocket scientific calculator
HP-41C was a major advance in programmability and capacity, and offered CMOS memory so that programs were not lost when the calculator was switched off. It
HP-35
Family of mainframe computers by ICT
or offset from an index register. Branch instructions held a 15-bit offset, allowing access to all memory on the initial range. When the address size was
ICT_1900_series
Series of graphing calculators
exactly like its predecessor, the TI-92 (which lacked flash memory). Besides increased memory over its predecessor, the TI-92 Plus also featured a sharper
TI-92_series
Line of single-chip microprocessors from Microchip Technology
stack. PIC10F32x devices feature a mid-range 14-bit wide code memory of 256 or 512 words, a 64-byte SRAM register file, and an 8-level deep hardware stack
PIC_microcontrollers
displacement) is added to it. Under this type of scheme, the base address is the lowest-numbered address within a prescribed range, to facilitate adding related
Base_address
Missile guidance computer
Instruction Register - The instruction register holds the instruction to be executed by the computer. This instruction defines the type of operation
D-37C
Instruction set extension by Intel
Expanded register encoding allowing 32 512-bit registers. Adds 8 new opmask registers for masking most AVX-512 instructions. Adds a new scalar memory mode
AVX-512
RAM area of an IBM AT or compatible computer
mode can actually address the first 65520 bytes of extended memory as part of the 64 KB range starting 16 bytes before the 1 MB mark—FFFF:0000 (0xFFFF0)
High_memory_area
Software that manages computer hardware resources
memory address of the memory buffer to a predetermined device register. Set the buffer size (an integer) to another predetermined register. Execute the machine
Operating_system
Combinational digital circuit
instruction) or from memory. The ALU result may be written to any register in the register file (via the register file's write port) or to memory. In integer arithmetic
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Computer architecture bit width
149 zettabytes (over 276 bytes). A 128-bit register can store 2128 (over 3.40 × 1038) different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in
128-bit_computing
Novel type of computer memory
Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM or RRAM) is a type of non-volatile (NV) random-access (RAM) computer memory that works by changing the resistance
Resistive random-access memory
Resistive_random-access_memory
Open-source CPU instruction set architecture
a memory-mapped I/O device. Using the constant zero register as a base address allows single instructions to access memory near address zero. Memory is
RISC-V
Line-oriented debug utility in DOS
interactively examine memory contents (in assembly language, hexadecimal or ASCII), make changes, and selectively execute COM, EXE and other file types. It also has
Debug_(command)
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
exchanges with AX can be encoded more compactly. BX (Base register): Base pointer for memory access. It can hold the base address of data structures and
X86_assembly_language
List of computer processor instructions
special function registers. Except for a single accumulator (called W), almost all other registers are memory-mapped, even registers like the program
PIC_instruction_listings
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
main memory. Many modern desktop, server, and industrial CPUs have at least three independent levels of caches (L1, L2 and L3) and different types of caches:
CPU_cache
Aspect of the instruction set architecture of CPUs
specifies how to calculate the effective memory address of an operand by using information held in registers and/or constants contained within a machine
Addressing_mode
Instruction slot being executed without the effects of a preceding instruction
value from memory address in register a0 into register t0 lw t1, 4(a0) ; load value from memory address [value of register a0 plus 4] into register t1 add
Delay_slot
IBM computer family (1964–1977)
arithmetic and logical operations are performed as register-to-register and as memory-to-register/register-to-memory as a standard feature. If the Commercial Instruction
IBM_System/360
Laptop computer released by Epson in 1981
X (Index Register) C (Condition Code Register) S (Stack Pointer) P (program counter) The monitor can be used for reading and writing memory, modifying
Epson_HX-20
Discontinued computer memory type
XPoint (pronounced three-D cross point) is a discontinued non-volatile memory (NVM) technology developed jointly by Intel and Micron Technology. It was
3D_XPoint
Computer science topic
operation requires fewer clock cycles and less memory than loading a zero value and saving it to the register. If the set of bit strings of fixed length n
Bitwise_operation
In programming, detecting whether a variable is within given bounds before use
is used. It is usually used to ensure that a number fits into a given type (range checking), or that a variable being used as an array index is within
Bounds_checking
Programmable machine that processes data
hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every
Computer
64-bit RISC instruction set architecture
the memory instruction format. Conditional branches test whether the least significant bit of a register is set or clear, or compare a register as a
DEC_Alpha
Gradually typed dialect of Lua
the primary scripting language for the Roblox platform. Luau adds gradual typing, performance improvements, and sandboxing features to the base Lua language
Luau_(programming_language)
IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers
instructions to operate on data in vector registers, including integer, floating-point, and string data types. The z13 implementation includes two independent
Z/Architecture
Microprocessor produced by Western Digital
of RAM, a typical memory configuration for a 9-user AM-100 might be in the range of 352 Kilobytes. In 1981 an optional AM-700 memory management unit was
WD16
Programmable calculator, 1982–1984
series are programmable, use Reverse Polish Notation, and feature continuous memory. Nearly identical in appearance, each model provided different capabilities
HP_Voyager
Storage of digital data readable by computers
Computer data storage Aperture (computer memory) Mass storage Memory leak Memory protection Page address register Stable storage Data deduplication Data
Computer_data_storage
Microcontroller
(A ← A op register) register, A (register ← register op A) A, addr8 (A ← A op [addr8], range limited to special function registers) A, addr16 (A ← A op
RL78
36-bit mainframe computer (1964–1966)
sixteen registers to apply the instruction to. The last 18 bits indicated an address. Thus, a typical instruction might be "add the value in memory location
PDP-6
Hewlett-Packard handheld RPN calculator
The HP-41C series are programmable, expandable, continuous-memory handheld RPN calculators made by Hewlett-Packard from 1979 to 1990. The original model
HP-41C
Vacuum tube commercial computer, 1958
the memory is a half-word insertion register of 42-bit capacity. Each bit is temporarily stored in a magnetic core of this register during a memory reference
UNIVAC_II
1998 esoteric programming language
hold a memory address; [d] is register indirect; the value stored at that address. [c] is similar. The virtual machine has 59,049 (310) memory locations
Malbolge
Anomaly in computer security and programming
overwriting data in any part of memory and do not automatically check that data written to an array (the built-in buffer type) is within the boundaries of
Buffer_overflow
microcontroller product range includes the following: EM78PXXX Low Pin-Count MCU Family EM78PXXX GPIO Type MCU Family EM78PXXXN ADC Type MCU Family These are
List_of_microcontrollers
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
based mainly on: Integrated memory controller supporting three memory channels of DDR3 UDIMM (Unbuffered) or RDIMM (Registered) A new point-to-point processor
Xeon
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