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64-bit extension of x86 architecture
x86-64 (also known as AMD64, x86_64, x64 and, rarely, Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available
X86-64
Family of instruction set architectures
x86 microarchitectures, circuitry and semiconductor manufacturing would make it hard to replace x86 in many segments. AMD's 64-bit extension of x86 (which
X86
Computer architecture bit width
virtual memory addresses. However, not all 64-bit instruction sets support full 64-bit virtual memory addresses; x86-64 and AArch64, for example, support only
64-bit_computing
Calling conventions used in x86 architecture programming
This article describes the calling conventions used when programming x86 architecture microprocessors. Calling conventions describe the interface of called
X86_calling_conventions
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
x86 assembly language is a family of low-level programming languages that are used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. Previous evolutions
X86_assembly_language
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
(i186, i286, i386, i486, i586/i686) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also known as AMD64). This is the original instruction set. In
List_of_x86_instructions
Hardware-assisted virtualization on x86/x86-64 CPUs
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved
X86_virtualization
Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
from RHEL version 2.1AS. Since version 8, CentOS officially supports the x86-64, ARM64, and POWER8 architectures, and releases up to version 6 also supported
CentOS
32-bit version of x86 architecture
moved almost exclusively to implementing CPUs based on the 64-bit variant of x86, x86-64. x86-64, by specification, offers legacy operating modes that operate
IA-32
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
is unknown: Apple maintains a separate tool that should be used on Intel/x86-64 Macs, while other systems use FAT utilities just fine. The globally unique
EFI_system_partition
architectural revision. Later revisions were the first to feature Intel's x86-64 architecture, enhanced branch prediction and trace cache, and eventually
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Arch Linux-based Linux distribution optimized for performance
based on Arch Linux that focuses on performance optimizations for modern x86-64 hardware, including gaming workloads. It rebuilds its kernel and core packages
CachyOS
Memory segmentation on Intel x86
was named protected mode. The x86-64 architecture, introduced in 2003, has largely dropped support for segmentation in 64-bit mode. In both real and protected
X86_memory_segmentation
execution in Windows IA-32 edition or the WoW64 emulation layer for the x86-64 version has a link to an undocumented _EXCEPTION_REGISTRATION_RECORD list
Microsoft-specific exception handling mechanisms
Microsoft-specific_exception_handling_mechanisms
Linux distribution by Oracle
Linux and Oracle VM can be found in this catalog Oracle/Sun servers with x86-64 processors can be configured to ship with Oracle Linux. Oracle Linux is
Oracle_Linux
High-end single-user computer
dominated by large PC vendors, such as Dell, HP Inc., and Fujitsu, selling x86-64 systems running Windows or Linux. Workstations predate the first personal
Workstation
versions of VMware Workstation support x86. Older versions of VMware Player/VMware Workstation Player support x86. "Bhyve supports Windows". Retrieved 22
Comparison of platform virtualization software
Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software
Virtual reality headset
software, as well as additional compatibility layers for Android software and x86-64 code), or streamed wirelessly from a PC over a local network using Steam
Steam_Frame
Microprocessor instruction set architecture
systems, behind x86-64, Power ISA, and SPARC. In 2019, Intel announced the discontinuation of the last supported CPUs for the IA-64 architecture. Microsoft
IA-64
American computer engineer (born 1958/1959)
original Athlon 64) and was involved in designing the Athlon (K7) and Apple A4/A5 processors. He was coauthor of the specifications for the x86-64 instruction
Jim_Keller_(engineer)
Emulator for PlayStation 3 software
debugged on a personal computer. It is in active development, targeting x86-64 and ARM64 CPUs featuring OpenGL and Vulkan as backend renderers. As of April
RPCS3
Computer data storage partitioning standard
Windows 8 64-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC (x86-64 only) using GPT-based disks. Windows 8.1 64-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC (x86-64 only)
GUID_Partition_Table
Upcoming microprocessor family by Intel
long period of lagging behind in gaming benchmarks. Zen 6 – a competing x86 CPU lineup from AMD Panther Lake List of Intel CPU microarchitectures List
Nova_Lake_(microprocessor)
SIMD instruction set extension for the PowerPC ISA
registers are provided, compared to eight for SSE and SSE2 (extended to 16 in x86-64), and most VMX/AltiVec instructions take three register operands compared
AltiVec
Native hypervisor by Microsoft
native hypervisor developed by Microsoft; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. It is included in Pro and Enterprise editions of
Hyper-V
Processor family
2 is a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture
Intel_Core_2
Edition of Windows XP for x86-64 computers, released in 2005
the x86-64 architecture, released alongside the x86-64 versions of Windows Server 2003 on April 25, 2005. It is designed to use the expanded 64-bit memory
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition
Open source assembler for x86 processors
(flat assembler) is an assembler for x86 processors. It supports Intel-style assembly language on the IA-32 and x86-64 computer architectures. It claims
FASM
Set of memory models of the x86 CPU
In computing, the x86 memory models are a set of six different memory models of the x86 CPU operating in real mode which control how the segment registers
X86_memory_models
discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile
List of Microsoft Windows versions
List_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions
Biblically-themed operating system
to similar outsider art. The system was characterized as a modern x86-64 Commodore 64, using an interface similar to a mixture of DOS and Turbo C. Davis
TempleOS
Implementation of the GNU toolchain for DOS
Because the x86-64 versions of Windows lack support for 16-bit programs, there is no NTVDM, and DJGPP applications cannot be run. Under x86-64 systems these
DJGPP
Application binary interface (ABI) of the Linux kernel
pointers (ILP32) on Intel and AMD 64-bit hardware. The ABI allows programs to take advantage of the benefits of x86-64 instruction set (larger number of
X32_ABI
Technical specification for firmware architecture
processor architectures: x86 (IA-32, x86-64) Itanium (IA-64) ARM (AArch32, AArch64) RISC-V (32-bit, 64-bit, 128-bit) LoongArch (32-bit, 64-bit) Unofficial UEFI
UEFI
Programming language close to hardware
in x86-64 assembly language using Intel syntax. The registers of the x86-64 processor are named and manipulated directly. The function loads its 64-bit
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
Microsoft operating system family
architectures, initially IA-32, MIPS, and DEC Alpha, with PowerPC, Itanium, x86-64 and ARM supported in later releases. An initial idea was to have a common
Windows_NT
Computing term
instruction. Whether a red zone is present depends on the calling convention. x86-64 systems that use the System V AMD64 ABI (including Linux and macOS) use
Red_zone_(computing)
Computer assembly language instruction
INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt. It takes the interrupt number formatted as a byte value
INT_(x86_instruction)
Series of CPUs by AMD
backward-compatible with 32-bit x86 instructions. The Athlon 64 line was succeeded by the dual-core Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon X2 lines. The Athlon 64 was originally codenamed
Athlon_64
stream cipher with assembly for x86_64 and ARM the SERPENT block cipher with assembly for x86_64 SHA-1 with x86, x86_64 and ARM assembly the SHA-2 (SHA-224
Nettle (cryptographic library)
Nettle_(cryptographic_library)
Free and open source web browser
requires a 32-bit (IA-32) or 64-bit (x86-64) processor; the 32-bit version requires a processor with SSE2 support, while the 64-bit version requires SSE3
Supermium
Operating mode for x86 CPUs
In the x86-64 computer architecture, long mode is the mode where a 64-bit operating system can access 64-bit instructions and registers. 64-bit programs
Long_mode
Open-source server virtualization platform
Proxmox-maintained Linux kernel based on the Ubuntu kernel. Builds were limited to x86-64 until August 2026, when Proxmox released Proxmox VE 9.2 for Arm64 as its
Proxmox_Virtual_Environment
Open64 is a free, open-source, optimizing compiler for the Itanium and x86-64 microprocessor architectures. It derives from the SGI compilers for SGI's
Open64
Mechanism of function calls in computers
free parameter space and return. The 64-bit version of the x86 architecture, known as x86-64, AMD64, and Intel 64, has two calling sequences in common
Calling_convention
Instruction set architecture extension for microprocessors
"register extensions") and REX coding scheme was introduced as part of AMD's x86-64 instruction set architecture that extended Intel's IA-32 instruction set
REX_prefix
Processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors
for the x86-64 line of processors. It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel
Intel_5-level_paging
Family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors
"we could run circles around PowerPC...we could kill the x86". Early predictions were that IA-64 would expand to the lower-end servers, supplanting Xeon
Itanium
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
The Xeon brand has been maintained over several generations of IA-32 and x86-64 processors. The P6-based models added the Xeon moniker to the end of the
Xeon
Communications – Successor to the older DragonDictate product. Focus on dictation. 64-bit Windows support since version 10.1. Tazti – Create speech command profiles
List of speech recognition software
List_of_speech_recognition_software
Efficiency improving technique for superscalar CPUs
Multithreading (VMT) SPARC VII and newer have 2-way SMT. Intel Itanium (IA-64, 2001–2020) Montecito uses coarse-grained multithreading and Tukwila and newer
Simultaneous_multithreading
Free and open-source image manipulation software
supports up-to 16 bits-per-pixel component (16-bit grayscale, up-to 48- or 64-bit RGB color). Below are some other features of ImageMagick: Format conversion:
ImageMagick
PlayStation 2 video game console emulator
PCSX2 is a free and open-source emulator of the PlayStation 2 for x86 computers. It supports most PlayStation 2 video games with a high level of compatibility
PCSX2
Linux distribution
SystemRescue (Previously known as "SystemRescueCD") is a Linux distribution for x86-64 and IA-32 computers. The primary purpose of SystemRescue is to repair unbootable
SystemRescue
Linux distribution based on Arch Linux offering only free software
open-source Linux distribution based on Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM for the x86-64, i686, and ARMv7 architectures. It is distinguished from other Arch-based
Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre
Full-system simulator software
(32- and 64-bit), IA-64, MIPS (32- and 64-bit), MSP430, PowerPC (32- and 64-bit), RISC-V (32- and 64-bit), SPARC-V8 and V9, and x86 and x86-64 CPUs. Many
Simics
Linux distribution
Steam Deck. As of version 41 (based on Fedora 41), Bazzite supports "most x86_64 PCs from the last decade" as well as numerous gaming handhelds, including
Bazzite_(operating_system)
Status register of x86 architecture
on x86-64). In the Intel 8086, the register is 16 bits wide. Its successors, the EFLAGS and RFLAGS registers (in modern x86-64), are 32 bits and 64 bits
FLAGS_register
Assembler for the Intel x86 architecture
assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture. It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit (IA-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) programs. It is considered one of
Netwide_Assembler
Apple multi-architecture binary files
files that run natively either on both PowerPC-based and x86-based Macs or on both Intel 64-based and ARM64-based Macs. The format originated on NeXTStep
Universal_binary
Free, open-source, CLI tools for creating Windows-native binaries
Mingw-w64 can generate 32-bit and 64-bit executables for x86 under the target names i686-w64-mingw32 and x86_64-w64-mingw32. In 2005, after the original
Mingw-w64
Windows compatibility software
except on Apple silicon Mac computers, where Rosetta 2 is used to translate x86_64 code to ARM code. In a 2007 survey by desktoplinux.com of 38,500 Linux desktop
Wine_(software)
Driver wrapper for Windows devices used on Linux
the instruction set architectures supported by Windows, namely IA-32 and x86-64. Native drivers for some network adapters are not available on Linux as
NDISwrapper
Set of real-time patches for Linux kernel
merged and enabled in mainline Linux on the supported architectures x86, x86_64, RISC-V, ARM, ARM64, and LoongArch. This made kernel v6.12 the first
PREEMPT_RT
Enterprise NAS for File, Object, Block Storage Solutions
support. TrueNAS Community Edition can be installed for free on commodity x86-64 computers, even low specification computers can easily be used, for example
TrueNAS
Video gaming brand owned by Microsoft
features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built around the 64-bit x86-64 instruction set and can come with up to 12 GB of memory. Announced on
Xbox
List of Windows 11 operating system versions
of Windows 11, version 24H2 introduces modified system requirements: A x86-64-v2 CPU supporting SSE4.2 and POPCNT CPU instructions is now required, otherwise
Windows_11_version_history
Operating system for the Raspberry Pi
Labs for the Raspberry Pi series of single-board computers. A version for x86-64-based personal computers was released shortly after the initial Raspberry
Twister_OS
Software development tools for developing Java applications
No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) license. Oracle releases binaries for the x86-64 architecture for Windows, macOS, and Linux based operating systems, and
Java_Development_Kit
2025 operating system version
on September 14, 2026. Tahoe is the final version of macOS that supports x86-64-based Macs with Intel processors – the 2020 iMac, the 2019 16-inch MacBook
MacOS_Tahoe
Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems
is a proprietary Unix operating system offered by Oracle for SPARC and x86-64 based workstations and servers. Originally developed by Sun Microsystems
Oracle_Solaris
2020–2023 transition of Apple computers to using Apple-designed ARM-based processors
central processing units (CPUs) of Apple's line of Mac computers from Intel's x86-64 processors to Apple-designed Apple silicon ARM64 systems-on-a-chip. Apple
Mac transition to Apple silicon
Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon
Compiler backend for multiple programming languages
LLVM-2.9 and GCC4.6.1 on x86". Retrieved October 3, 2011. Makarov, V. "SPEC2000: Comparison of LLVM-2.9 and GCC4.6.1 on x86_64". Retrieved October 3, 2011
LLVM
Free software operating system based on Solaris
OpenSXCE, distribution for developers and system administrators for IA-32/x86-64 x86 platforms and SPARC. The Illumos Foundation was incorporated in the State
Illumos
Compiler for the C programming language
Tiny C Compiler, TCC, tCc, or TinyCC is a C compiler targeting x86 (32-bits), x86-64 and ARM initially written by Fabrice Bellard. It is designed to
Tiny_C_Compiler
Operating system component
praised greatly. In some benchmarks, x86-64-only programs performed better under Rosetta 2 on M1 than native x86-64. One of the key reasons why Rosetta
Rosetta_(software)
Cross-platform virtualization software
Solaris/SPARC-to-Linux/x86-64, which enabled unmodified Solaris applications compiled for SPARC systems to run on 64-bit x86-based systems running Linux
QuickTransit
Brand of microprocessors
or Ryzen Threadripper, is a brand of high-end desktop (HEDT) multi-core x86-64 microprocessors designed and marketed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and
Threadripper
Executable file format
currently supports a range of instruction sets, including IA-32, x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64), IA-64, ARM and ARM64. Before the advent of Windows 2000, Windows NT
Portable_Executable
Modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix
modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix in ANSI C for multiprocessor x86 and RISC-V systems. It was created for educational purposes in MIT's Operating
Xv6
Computer operating system
32-bit and 64-bit Apple PowerPC systems and 32-bit Intel PCs. Darwin currently includes support for the 64-bit x86-64 variant of the Intel x86 processors
Darwin_(operating_system)
DOS compatibility layer for Linux
with real-mode applications in x86-64 long mode. DOSEMU is only available for x86 and x86-64 Linux systems (Linux 3.15 x86-64 systems cannot enter DPMI by
DOSEMU
Software debugger
to work on macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD and Windows, and supports i386, x86-64, and ARM instruction sets. LLDB is the default debugger for Xcode 5 and
LLDB_(debugger)
Gentoo-based Linux distribution
2013 at the Wayback Machine "Sabayon Forums • View topic – Sabayon Linux x86/x86-64 1.0 "Business Edition" RE". Forum.sabayonlinux.org. Archived from the
Sabayon_Linux
Computer security vulnerability
generations of consumer and 1st through 4th generations of Intel Xeon Scalable x86-64 microprocessors. It is a transient execution CPU vulnerability which relies
Downfall (security vulnerability)
Downfall_(security_vulnerability)
Sandbox facility for Linux kernel
2/2] x86-64: seccomp: fix 32/64 syscall hole". Linux Kernel Mailing List. Retrieved 2013-08-02. Torvalds, Linus (2009-02-28). "Re: [PATCH 2/2] x86-64: seccomp:
Seccomp
Systems programming language
compiler has been ported to the IA-64 and x86-64 architectures as part of the ports of OpenVMS to these platforms. The x86-64 BLISS compiler uses LLVM as its
BLISS
Versions of Windows XP
Edition", by contrast, ran on standard x86 CPUs which supported the then-new "x86-64" 64-bit extensions. Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (sometimes referred to
Windows_XP_editions
Processor register which changes or controls the general behavior of a CPU
has a book on the topic of: X86 Assembly/Protected Mode Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Developer's Manual: Vol. 3A Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software
Control_register
Linux distribution
CRUX is a lightweight x86-64 Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users and delivered by a tar.gz-based package system with BSD-style initscripts
CRUX
extensive C libraries SerenityOS x86, x86-64 ext2 Microkernel ≈750,000 Yes None None POSIX, propertiary Solaris IA-32, x86-64, SPARC UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO
Comparison of operating systems
Comparison_of_operating_systems
Standards for operating systems for using the UNIX trademark
32-bit and 64-bit x86 (X86-64) and SPARC systems. Solaris 8 and 9 were registered as UNIX 98 compliant on 32-bit x86 and SPARC systems; 64-bit x86 systems
Single_UNIX_Specification
Commercial product for developing code
and Linux operating systems, which are based upon 16-bit x86, 32-bit IA-32, or 64-bit x86-64 compatible processors. In 2000, Sybase, who owned Watcom
Watcom_C/C++
Free compiler and IDE for Pascal and ObjectPascal
2004, a SPARC port in fall 2004, and an x86-64-AMD64 port in early 2004, which made the compiler available for a 64-bit platform. In November 2003, a first
Free_Pascal
2023 operating system version
equivalent macOS APIs, allowing developers to run unmodified versions of their x86 Windows DirectX games on macOS. Mac users have been able to use the Game
MacOS_Sonoma
1999 Microsoft operating system version
release candidate versions. Its successor, Windows XP, only supports x86, x86-64 and Itanium processors. Windows 2000 was also the first NT release to
Windows_2000
Symbolics operating system based on Lisp
Portable Genera which runs on Tru64 UNIX on Alpha, Linux on x86-64 and Arm64 Linux, and macOS on x86-64 and Arm64 (Apple Silicon M Series). It is released and
Genera_(software)
Computer architecture bit width
mid-2000s PCs, smartphones, and servers have moved on to 64 bits using architectures such as x86-64, with installed memory in entry-level computers often
32-bit_computing
Eleventh major version of Windows Server, released in 2024
Update Services Package manager Windows Package Manager Supported platforms x86-64 AArch64 (only available for Microsoft Azure and some OEMs) Kernel type Hybrid
Windows_Server_2025
Computer operating system
Edition and Windows Server 2003 x64 editions to support x86-64 (or simply x64), the 64-bit version of x86 architecture. Windows Vista was the first client version
Microsoft_Windows
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X86 64
X86 64
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : topographic name for someone who lived by a bush or hedge of hawthorn (Old English haguþorn, hægþorn, i.e. thorn used for making hedges and enclosures, Old English haga, (ge)hæg), or a habitational name from a place named with this word, such as Hawthorn in County Durham. In Scotland the surname originated in the Durham place name, and from Scotland it was taken to Ireland. This spelling is now found primarily in northern Ireland.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–64) was a direct descendant of Major William Hathorne, one of the English Puritans who settled in MA in 1630, and whose son John Hathorne was one of the judges in the Salem witchcraft trials. The writer’s father was a sea captain, as was his grandfather, the revolutionary war hero Daniel Hathorne (1731–96). The spelling of the surname was altered by the novelist.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : topographic name for someone who lived ‘at the end of the cottages’, from Middle English, Old English ende ‘end’ + cot ‘cottage’. One locality so named is Endicott in Cadbury, Devon; another is now called Youngcott, in Milton Abbot.John Endecott (1588–1665) was a prominent figure in the early history of MA, being one of the founding fathers of Salem, MA, in 1638. He served as governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629–30), and worked harmoniously with his successor, John Winthrop, despite differences on points of religious doctrine. He served as governor again in 1644–45, 1649–50, 1651–54, and 1655–64, and as deputy governor in many of the intervening years. He is buried in the King’s Chapel Burying Ground in Boston.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for a stonemason, Middle English, Old French mas(s)on. Compare Machen. Stonemasonry was a hugely important craft in the Middle Ages.Italian (Veneto) : from a short form of Masone.French : from a regional variant of maison ‘house’.George Mason (1725–92), the American colonial statesman who framed the VA Bill of Rights and Constitution, which was used as a model by Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence, was a VA planter, fourth in descent from George Mason (?1629–?86), a royalist soldier of the English Civil War who had received land grants in VA. As well as being prominent in the affairs of VA, the family also produced the first governor of MI.
Surname or Lastname
Turkish
Turkish : from the Turkish personal name Osman, Turkish form of Arabic ‛UthmÄn. This was the name of the third of the ‘rightly guided’ khalifs (ruled 644–656), one of the ten Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, to whom he gave the good news of entering into paradise.English : variant of Osmond.Dutch : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements ans ‘god’ + man ‘man’.Dutch : occupational name for an ox driver, from os ‘ox’, ‘bullock’ + man ‘man’.German (Osmann) : variant of Ossmann (see Ossman).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : of uncertain origin; perhaps a variant of Oshman or Hausman.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Celebrated Abbasid Caliph (786-809)
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places so called, named with the genitive plural huntena of Old English hunta ‘hunter’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’ or dūn ‘hill’ (the forms in -ton and -don having become inextricably confused). A number of bearers of this name may well derive it from Huntingdon, now in Cambridgeshire (formerly the county seat of the old county of Huntingdonshire), which is named from the genitive case of Old English hunta ‘huntsman’, perhaps used as a personal name, + dūn ‘hill’.A prominent American family of this name were founded by Simon Huntington, who himself never saw the New World, for he died in 1633 on the voyage to Boston, where his widow settled with her children. Their descendants include Jabez Huntington (1719–86), a wealthy West Indies trader, and Samuel Huntington (1731–96), who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Collis Potter Huntington (1821–1900) was an American railway magnate. Beginning with little education or money, he made a huge fortune, some of which he left to his nephew, Henry Huntington (1850–1927), who used the money to establish the Huntington library and art gallery in CA.
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