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64-bit extension of x86 architecture
x86-64 (also known as AMD64, x86_64, x64 and, rarely, Intel 64) is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set. It was announced in 1999 and first available
X86-64
Computer architecture bit width
virtual memory addresses. However, not all 64-bit instruction sets support full 64-bit virtual memory addresses; x86-64 and AArch64, for example, support only
64-bit_computing
Family of instruction set architectures
x86 microarchitectures, circuitry and semiconductor manufacturing would make it hard to replace x86 in many segments. AMD's 64-bit extension of x86 (which
X86
Calling conventions used in x86 architecture programming
This article describes the calling conventions used when programming x86 architecture microprocessors. Calling conventions describe the interface of called
X86_calling_conventions
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
x86 assembly language is a family of low-level programming languages that are used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. Previous evolutions
X86_assembly_language
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
(i186, i286, i386, i486, i586/i686) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also known as AMD64). This is the original instruction set. In
List_of_x86_instructions
Hardware-assisted virtualization on x86/x86-64 CPUs
x86 virtualization is the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU. In the late 1990s x86 virtualization was achieved
X86_virtualization
Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
from RHEL version 2.1AS. Since version 8, CentOS officially supports the x86-64, ARM64, and POWER8 architectures, and releases up to version 6 also supported
CentOS
32-bit version of x86 architecture
moved almost exclusively to implementing CPUs based on the 64-bit variant of x86, x86-64. x86-64, by specification, offers legacy operating modes that operate
IA-32
Partition used by Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
is unknown: Apple maintains a separate tool that should be used on Intel/x86-64 Macs, while other systems use FAT utilities just fine. The globally unique
EFI_system_partition
execution in Windows IA-32 edition or the WoW64 emulation layer for the x86-64 version has a link to an undocumented _EXCEPTION_REGISTRATION_RECORD list
Microsoft-specific exception handling mechanisms
Microsoft-specific_exception_handling_mechanisms
Linux distribution by Oracle
Linux and Oracle VM can be found in this catalog Oracle/Sun servers with x86-64 processors can be configured to ship with Oracle Linux. Oracle Linux is
Oracle_Linux
Memory segmentation on Intel x86
x86 memory segmentation is a term for the kind of memory segmentation characteristic of the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture. The x86 architecture
X86_memory_segmentation
architectural revision. Later revisions were the first to feature Intel's x86-64 architecture, enhanced branch prediction and trace cache, and eventually
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Arch Linux-based Linux distribution optimized for performance
based on Arch Linux that focuses on performance optimizations for modern x86-64 hardware, including gaming workloads. It rebuilds its kernel and core packages
CachyOS
High-end single-user computer
dominated by large PC vendors, such as Dell, HP Inc., and Fujitsu, selling x86-64 systems running Windows or Linux. Workstations predate the first personal
Workstation
versions of VMware Workstation support x86. Older versions of VMware Player/VMware Workstation Player support x86. "Bhyve supports Windows". Retrieved 22
Comparison of platform virtualization software
Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software
Processor family
2 is a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture
Intel_Core_2
American computer engineer (born 1958/1959)
original Athlon 64) and was involved in designing the Athlon (K7) and Apple A4/A5 processors. He was coauthor of the specifications for the x86-64 instruction
Jim_Keller_(engineer)
Efficiency improving technique for superscalar CPUs
Multithreading (VMT) SPARC VII and newer have 2-way SMT. Intel Itanium (IA-64, 2001–2020) Montecito uses coarse-grained multithreading and Tukwila and newer
Simultaneous_multithreading
Microprocessor instruction set architecture
systems, behind x86-64, Power ISA, and SPARC. In 2019, Intel announced the discontinuation of the last supported CPUs for the IA-64 architecture. Microsoft
IA-64
Family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors
"we could run circles around PowerPC...we could kill the x86". Early predictions were that IA-64 would expand to the lower-end servers, supplanting Xeon
Itanium
Programming language close to hardware
in x86-64 assembly language using Intel syntax. The registers of the x86-64 processor are named and manipulated directly. The function loads its 64-bit
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
Processor extension for the x86-64 line of processors
for the x86-64 line of processors. It extends the size of virtual addresses from 48 bits to 57 bits by adding an additional level to x86-64's multilevel
Intel_5-level_paging
Implementation of the GNU toolchain for DOS
Because the x86-64 versions of Windows lack support for 16-bit programs, there is no NTVDM, and DJGPP applications cannot be run. Under x86-64 systems these
DJGPP
SIMD instruction set extension for the PowerPC ISA
registers are provided, compared to eight for SSE and SSE2 (extended to 16 in x86-64), and most VMX/AltiVec instructions take three register operands compared
AltiVec
Upcoming virtual reality headset
for running software targeting similar standalone headsets), and running x86-64 code on its ARM-based CPU. It can also stream software wirelessly from a
Steam_Frame
Computer data storage partitioning standard
Windows 8 64-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC (x86-64 only) using GPT-based disks. Windows 8.1 64-bit supports booting from UEFI-based PC (x86-64 only)
GUID_Partition_Table
Open source assembler for x86 processors
(flat assembler) is an assembler for x86 processors. It supports Intel-style assembly language on the IA-32 and x86-64 computer architectures. It claims
FASM
Upcoming microprocessor family by Intel
platform to support AVX10.1, AVX10.2 and APX extensions. Zen 6 – a competing x86 CPU lineup from AMD Panther Lake List of Intel CPU microarchitectures List
Nova_Lake_(microprocessor)
Emulator for PlayStation 3 software
debugged on a personal computer. It is in active development, targeting x86-64 and ARM64 CPUs featuring OpenGL and Vulkan as backend renderers. As of April
RPCS3
Mechanism of function calls in computers
free parameter space and return. The 64-bit version of the x86 architecture, known as x86-64, AMD64, and Intel 64, has two calling sequences in common
Calling_convention
Application binary interface (ABI) of the Linux kernel
pointers (ILP32) on Intel and AMD 64-bit hardware. The ABI allows programs to take advantage of the benefits of x86-64 instruction set (larger number of
X32_ABI
Native hypervisor by Microsoft
native hypervisor developed by Microsoft; it can create virtual machines on x86-64 systems running Windows. It is included in Pro and Enterprise editions of
Hyper-V
Set of memory models of the x86 CPU
In computing, the x86 memory models are a set of six different memory models of the x86 CPU operating in real mode which control how the segment registers
X86_memory_models
Windows compatibility software
except on Apple silicon Mac computers, where Rosetta 2 is used to translate x86_64 code to ARM code. In a 2007 survey by desktoplinux.com of 38,500 Linux desktop
Wine_(software)
Operating system for the Raspberry Pi
Labs for the Raspberry Pi series of single-board computers. A version for x86-64-based personal computers was released shortly after the initial Raspberry
Twister_OS
Series of CPUs by AMD
backward-compatible with 32-bit x86 instructions. The Athlon 64 line was succeeded by the dual-core Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon X2 lines. The Athlon 64 was originally codenamed
Athlon_64
Linux distribution
CRUX is a lightweight x86-64 Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users and delivered by a tar.gz-based package system with BSD-style initscripts
CRUX
Operating mode for x86 CPUs
In the x86-64 computer architecture, long mode is the mode where a 64-bit operating system can access 64-bit instructions and registers. 64-bit programs
Long_mode
Edition of Windows XP for x86-64 computers, released in 2005
the x86-64 architecture, released alongside the x86-64 versions of Windows Server 2003 on April 25, 2005. It is designed to use the expanded 64-bit memory
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition
Computer assembly language instruction
INT is an assembly language instruction for x86 processors that generates a software interrupt. It takes the interrupt number formatted as a byte value
INT_(x86_instruction)
Assembler for the Intel x86 architecture
assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture. It can be used to write 16-bit, 32-bit (IA-32) and 64-bit (x86-64) programs. It is considered one of
Netwide_Assembler
Biblically-themed operating system
to similar outsider art. The system was characterized as a modern x86-64 Commodore 64, using an interface similar to a mixture of DOS and Turbo C. Davis
TempleOS
Symbolics operating system based on Lisp
Portable Genera which runs on Tru64 UNIX on Alpha, Linux on x86-64 and Arm64 Linux, and macOS on x86-64 and Arm64 (Apple Silicon M Series). It is released and
Genera_(software)
Technical specification for firmware architecture
processor architectures: x86 (IA-32, x86-64) Itanium (IA-64) ARM (AArch32, AArch64) RISC-V (32-bit, 64-bit, 128-bit) LoongArch (32-bit, 64-bit) Unofficial UEFI
UEFI
Communications – Successor to the older DragonDictate product. Focus on dictation. 64-bit Windows support since version 10.1. Tazti – Create speech command profiles
List of speech recognition software
List_of_speech_recognition_software
Microsoft operating system family
architectures, initially IA-32, MIPS, and DEC Alpha, with PowerPC, Itanium, x86-64 and ARM supported in later releases. An initial idea was to have a common
Windows_NT
Computing term
instruction. Whether a red zone is present depends on the calling convention. x86-64 systems that use the System V AMD64 ABI (including Linux and macOS) use
Red_zone_(computing)
Arbitrary code execution exploit
binjitsu - Sigreturn Oriented Programming SigReturn Oriented Programming on x86-64 linux Sigreturn ROP exploitation technique (signal's stack frame for the
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Sigreturn-oriented_programming
Linux distribution based on Arch Linux offering only free software
open-source Linux distribution based on Arch Linux and Arch Linux ARM for the x86-64, i686, and ARMv7 architectures. It is distinguished from other Arch-based
Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre
Enterprise NAS for File, Object, Block Storage Solutions
support. TrueNAS Community Edition can be installed for free on commodity x86-64 computers, even low specification computers can easily be used, for example
TrueNAS
discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile
List of Microsoft Windows versions
List_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions
Free, open-source, CLI tools for creating Windows-native binaries
Mingw-w64 can generate 32-bit and 64-bit executables for x86 under the target names i686-w64-mingw32 and x86_64-w64-mingw32. In 2005, after the original
Mingw-w64
Apple multi-architecture binary files
files that run natively either on both PowerPC-based and x86-based Macs or on both Intel 64-based and ARM64-based Macs. The format originated on NeXTStep
Universal_binary
Full-system simulator software
(32- and 64-bit), IA-64, MIPS (32- and 64-bit), MSP430, PowerPC (32- and 64-bit), RISC-V (32- and 64-bit), SPARC-V8 and V9, and x86 and x86-64 CPUs. Many
Simics
PlayStation 2 video game console emulator
PCSX2 is a free and open-source emulator of the PlayStation 2 for x86 computers. It supports most PlayStation 2 video games with a high level of compatibility
PCSX2
Linux distribution
SystemRescue (Previously known as "SystemRescueCD") is a Linux distribution for x86-64 and IA-32 computers. The primary purpose of SystemRescue is to repair unbootable
SystemRescue
Operating system component
praised greatly. In some benchmarks, x86-64-only programs performed better under Rosetta 2 on M1 than native x86-64. One of the key reasons why Rosetta
Rosetta_(software)
Systems programming language
compiler has been ported to the IA-64 and x86-64 architectures as part of the ports of OpenVMS to these platforms. The x86-64 BLISS compiler uses LLVM as its
BLISS
Versions of Windows XP
Edition", by contrast, ran on standard x86 CPUs which supported the then-new "x86-64" 64-bit extensions. Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (sometimes referred to
Windows_XP_editions
Set of real-time patches for Linux kernel
merged and enabled in mainline Linux on the supported architectures x86, x86_64, RISC-V and ARM64. This made kernel v6.12 the first release to include
PREEMPT_RT
List of Windows 11 operating system versions
of Windows 11, version 24H2 introduces modified system requirements: A x86-64-v2 CPU supporting SSE4.2 and POPCNT CPU instructions is now required, otherwise
Windows_11_version_history
Compiler for the C programming language
Tiny C Compiler, TCC, tCc, or TinyCC is a C compiler targeting x86 (32-bits), x86-64 and ARM initially written by Fabrice Bellard. It is designed to
Tiny_C_Compiler
Free and open source web browser
requires a 32-bit (IA-32) or 64-bit (x86-64) processor; the 32-bit version requires a processor with SSE2 support, while the 64-bit version requires SSE3
Supermium
stream cipher with assembly for x86_64 and ARM the SERPENT block cipher with assembly for x86_64 SHA-1 with x86, x86_64 and ARM assembly the SHA-2 (SHA-224
Nettle (cryptographic library)
Nettle_(cryptographic_library)
Instruction set architecture extension for microprocessors
"register extensions") and REX coding scheme was introduced as part of AMD's x86-64 instruction set architecture that extended Intel's IA-32 instruction set
REX_prefix
Free and open-source image manipulation software
supports up-to 16 bits-per-pixel component (16-bit grayscale, up-to 48- or 64-bit RGB color). Below are some other features of ImageMagick: Format conversion:
ImageMagick
Software development tools for developing Java applications
No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) license. Oracle releases binaries for the x86-64 architecture for Windows, macOS, and Linux based operating systems, and
Java_Development_Kit
Software debugger
to work on macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD and Windows, and supports i386, x86-64, and ARM instruction sets. LLDB is the default debugger for Xcode 5 and
LLDB_(debugger)
Intel microprocessor series released in 2026
and they are simply called the "Intel Core Series 3". RAM support: up to 64 GB of RAM in single channel mode (either LPDDR5X-7467 or DDR5-6400) Socket:
Panther_Lake_(microprocessor)
2025 operating system version
Golden Gate in late 2026. Tahoe is the final version of macOS that supports x86-64-based Macs with Intel processors – the 2020 iMac, the 2019 16-inch MacBook
MacOS_Tahoe
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
The Xeon brand has been maintained over several generations of IA-32 and x86-64 processors. The P6-based models added the Xeon moniker to the end of the
Xeon
2021 Microsoft operating system version
running only on x86-64 and ARM64 architectures; despite this, it is still able to run 32-bit applications through the WoW64 subsystem, which 64-bit versions
Windows_11
Status register of x86 architecture
on x86-64). In the Intel 8086, the register is 16 bits wide. Its successors, the EFLAGS and RFLAGS registers (in modern x86-64), are 32 bits and 64 bits
FLAGS_register
Modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix
modern reimplementation of Sixth Edition Unix in ANSI C for multiprocessor x86 and RISC-V systems. It was created for educational purposes in MIT's Operating
Xv6
Linux distribution
Steam Deck. As of version 41 (based on Fedora 41), Bazzite supports "most x86_64 PCs from the last decade" as well as numerous gaming handhelds, including
Bazzite_(operating_system)
than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and is compatible on MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors. The Windows
Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
Comparison_of_Microsoft_Windows_versions
Memory management feature
space larger than 4 gigabytes (232 bytes). The page table structure used by x86-64 CPUs when operating in long mode further extends the page table hierarchy
Physical_Address_Extension
Server series by Sun Microsystems
versions as well. SPARC-based Sun Fire systems were produced until 2010, while x86-64 based machines were marketed until mid-2012. In mid-2012, Oracle Corporation
Sun_Fire
Video gaming brand owned by Microsoft
features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built around the 64-bit x86-64 instruction set and can come with up to 12 GB of memory. Announced on
Xbox
Coreboot distribution with no proprietary code
at replacing some of the proprietary BIOS or UEFI firmware on supported x86-64 and AArch64 computers. Libreboot performs the basic machine setup such as
Libreboot
Free software operating system based on Solaris
OpenSXCE, distribution for developers and system administrators for IA-32/x86-64 x86 platforms and SPARC. The Illumos Foundation was incorporated in the State
Illumos
Computer security vulnerability
generations of consumer and 1st through 4th generations of Intel Xeon Scalable x86-64 microprocessors. It is a transient execution CPU vulnerability which relies
Downfall (security vulnerability)
Downfall_(security_vulnerability)
Executable packer software
Executable (PE, EXE and DLL files): ARM (Windows CE) 32-bit x86 (Windows Desktop) 64-bit x86-64 (Windows Desktop, still experimental) RTM32 (DOS extender
UPX
Processor register which changes or controls the general behavior of a CPU
has a book on the topic of: X86 Assembly/Protected Mode Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Developer's Manual: Vol. 3A Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software
Control_register
Purely functional package manager for the GNU system
processing unit (CPU) architecture support includes: IA-32 x86-64 ARMv7 AArch64 POWER9 RISC-V 64 MIPS64 System services, which are defined in the Guile Scheme
GNU_Guix
Rolling release Linux distribution
principal," as in "arch-enemy". Originally only for IA-32 (32-bit x86) CPUs, the first x86-64 installation standard ISO image was released in April 2006. Vinet
Arch_Linux
System monitoring software
HWiNFO (also known as HWiNFO64 for 64-bit builds) is a proprietary system monitoring, system profiling and system diagnostics program for Windows and MS-DOS-based
Hwinfo
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
Specific ABI (psABI), for example the Core Specification for X86-64. The standard ABI for how x86_64 user programs invoke system calls is to load the syscall
Linux_kernel
2001 Microsoft operating system version
favor of AMD's x86-64 architecture, the Itanium edition was discontinued in January 2005. A new 64-bit edition supporting the x86-64 architecture, called
Windows_XP
developed a highly optimizing C, C++, and Fortran compiler suite for the x86-64 microprocessor architectures. It derives from the SGI compilers for the
PathScale
Executable file format
currently supports a range of instruction sets, including IA-32, x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64), IA-64, ARM and ARM64. Before the advent of Windows 2000, Windows NT
Portable_Executable
Computer architecture bit width
mid-2000s PCs, smartphones, and servers have moved on to 64 bits using architectures such as x86-64, with installed memory in entry-level computers often
32-bit_computing
Standards for operating systems for using the UNIX trademark
32-bit and 64-bit x86 (X86-64) and SPARC systems. Solaris 8 and 9 were registered as UNIX 98 compliant on 32-bit x86 and SPARC systems; 64-bit x86 systems
Single_UNIX_Specification
Microprocessor brand name by Intel
Intel Atom is a line of IA-32 and x86-64 instruction set ultra-low-voltage processors by Intel Corporation designed to reduce electric consumption and
Intel_Atom
Boot manager for UEFI systems
rEFIt in 2012, with 0.2.0 as its first release. rEFInd supports the IA-32, x86-64, and AArch64 architectures. rEFInd has several features: Automatic operating
REFInd
Functional programming language
Clean is available for Microsoft Windows (IA-32 and X86-64), macOS (X86-64), and Linux (IA-32, X86-64, and AArch64).[citation needed] Some libraries are
Clean_(programming_language)
Brand of microprocessors
or Ryzen Threadripper, is a brand of high-end desktop (HEDT) multi-core x86-64 microprocessors designed and marketed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and
Threadripper
Linux distribution developed by Samuel F. Baggen
offering a live DVD and a persistent USB image for 32- and 64-bit computers with Intel or AMD x86 processors. Elive was established in early 2005 as a customized
Elive
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