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Concept in computer security
In computer security, executable-space protection marks memory regions as non-executable, such that an attempt to execute machine code in these regions
Executable-space_protection
Anomaly in computer security and programming
support executable-space protection, called Data Execution Prevention. Proprietary add-ons include: BufferShield StackDefender Executable-space protection does
Buffer_overflow
Technology used in CPUs
address space as non-executable, preventing the processor from running any code stored there. This technique, known as executable-space protection or Write
NX_bit
Operating system memory security feature
(write xor execute, pronounced W xor X) is a security policy in operating systems and software frameworks. It implements executable-space protection by ensuring
W^X
Way to control memory access rights on a computer
Memory protection for computer security includes additional techniques such as address space layout randomization and executable-space protection. Segmentation
Memory_protection
Topics referred to by the same term
policy Payment protection policy Tax protection policy Protectionism, a trade protection policy Technology Executable space protection policy This disambiguation
Protection_policy
Computer security exploit technique
attacker to execute code despite the presence of security defenses that would otherwise prevent it, such as executable-space protection and code signing
Return-oriented_programming
Executable file format
Portable Executable (PE) is a file format for native executable code on 32-bit and 64-bit Windows operating systems, as well as in UEFI environments. It
Portable_Executable
Software security techniques
Buffer overflow protection is any of various techniques used during software development to enhance the security of executable programs by detecting buffer
Buffer_overflow_protection
Computer security technique
ASLR randomly arranges the address space positions of key data areas of a process, including the base of the executable and the positions of the stack, heap
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Way of using computer memory
address spaces or regions of a single address space, called user space and kernel space. This separation primarily provides memory protection and hardware
User_space_and_kernel_space
Means of compressing an executable file
executable. When this compressed executable is executed, the decompression code recreates the original code from the compressed code before executing
Executable_compression
Computer architecture treating code and data similarly, though not usually identically
modify itself. A disadvantage of these methods are issues with executable space protection, which increase the risks from malware and software defects.
Modified_Harvard_architecture
Compiling bytecode to machine code at runtime
architectures this runs into a problem due to executable space protection: arbitrary memory cannot be executed, as otherwise there is a potential security
Just-in-time_compilation
access control Software executable space protection Operating system-level virtualization Virtualisation Userspace protection Others Linux SELinux, AppArmor
Comparison of open-source operating systems
Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems
and eventually support was added for the NX (No eXecute) bit to implement executable-space protection. Core reengineered P6-based microarchitecture used
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Division of computer's primary memory into separately relocatable segments or sections
provide per-page memory protection and swapping using only paging. Some use the CS register to provide executable-space protection on processors lacking
Memory_segmentation
Module Unified Extensible Firmware Interface § Secure Boot Executable-space protection The protection of data in its non-moving state, usually on magnetic or
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
Software distributor
Journal, which could be rendered as .pdf, .zip, .bpg, or .html. Executable space protection Comparison of Linux distributions Security-focused operating
Openwall_Project
Code intended as a payload to exploit a software vulnerability
Shellcode is executable code intended to be used as a payload for exploiting a software vulnerability. The term includes shell because the attack originally
Shellcode
Computer security attack
a subroutine that is already present in the process executable memory, bypassing the no-execute bit feature (if present) and ridding the attacker of
Return-to-libc_attack
Unix-like operating system
instruction and data space are split and only code in (read-only) instruction space can be executed, termed executable-space protection. However, attacks
Minix_3
Compile time buffer checks Mandatory access control Software executable-space protection grsecurity RSBAC Alpine Linux Yes Unknown PaX Discontinued in
Comparison of Linux distributions
Comparison_of_Linux_distributions
Arbitrary code execution exploit
exploit technique that allows an attacker to execute code in presence of security measures such as non-executable memory and code signing. It was presented
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Sigreturn-oriented_programming
Type of computer architecture
calculated pointers to possibly access unauthorized memory addresses. Executable-space protection Harvard architecture The Memory Management Glossary: Tagged architecture
Tagged_architecture
Microsoft's implementation of the shared library concept in Windows and OS/2
for Windows EXE files – that is, Portable Executable (PE) for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows, and New Executable (NE) for 16-bit Windows. As with EXEs, DLLs
Dynamic-link_library
Software anomaly
memory space of the executing program. Since the attacker needs to determine where executable code that can be used resides, either an executable payload
Stack_buffer_overflow
2003 American spaceflight accident
piece of the insulating foam broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the thermal protection system tiles on the orbiter's left wing. Similar
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster
Combined executable file for multiple processor types or operating systems
Cross-platform software DOS stub Fat pointer Linear Executable (LX) New Executable (NE) Portable Executable (PE) Position-independent code (PIC) Side effect
Fat_binary
Garment worn to protect a human in space
A space suit (or spacesuit) is an environmental suit used for protection from the harsh environment of outer space. It mainly protects from outer space’s
Space_suit
American space and aeronautics agency
and Space Administration (NASA; /ˈnæsə/) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program
NASA
Portion of an object file containing executable instructions
the corresponding section of the program's virtual address space that contains executable instructions. The term "segment" comes from the memory segment
Code_segment
Layer of protection in computer systems
In computer science, hierarchical protection domains, often called protection rings, are mechanisms to protect data and functionality from faults (by
Protection_ring
Computer fault caused by access to restricted memory
stack overflow Attempting to execute a program that does not compile correctly. (Some compilers[which?] will output an executable file despite the presence
Segmentation_fault
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit (LEO). It is the product of the International Space Station program and is
International_Space_Station
Core of a computer operating system
resource management are defining the execution domain (address space) and the protection mechanism used to mediate access to the resources within a domain
Kernel_(operating_system)
instruction Suppression on protection with virtual-address enhancement Set address space control fast Subspace group Called-space identification Checksum
IBM Enterprise Systems Architecture
IBM_Enterprise_Systems_Architecture
Computer exploit using just-in-time compilation
purpose is to produce executable data, a JIT compiler is one of the few types of programs that cannot be run in a no-executable-data environment. Because
JIT_spraying
Numeric value with an unclear meaning
determine if the executable image contained relocatable memory references (normal), the newly implemented paged read-only executable image, or the separated
Magic_number_(programming)
Project aiming to reduce the risk of attacks on Linux systems
enforce memory protections by restricting mprotect() on any architecture; although memory may not initially be executable, it may become executable later, so
Exec_Shield
Instructions directly executable by a computer
from source code. But, unlike machine code, bytecode is not directly executable by a CPU. An exception is if a processor is designed to use bytecode as
Machine_code
NASA super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle used in the Artemis program
The Space Launch System (SLS) is an American two-stage super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle used by NASA. The primary launch vehicle for the Artemis
Space_Launch_System
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle under development
heavy-lift launch vehicle under development by American aerospace company SpaceX. Currently built and launched from Starbase in Texas, it is intended as
SpaceX_Starship
Investigation of outer space
Space exploration is the physical investigation of outer space by uncrewed robotic space probes and through human spaceflight. While the observation of
Space_exploration
Optical disc authoring software
DVD region code is removed, and copy protection may also be circumvented. A stamped DVD may require more space than is available on a writeable DVD,
DVD_Shrink
useful gadgets are found in the address space after they return the address on the stack would lead to non-executable stack with a high probability. To remedy
Blind return-oriented programming
Blind_return-oriented_programming
Spacecraft without people on board
executed unless otherwise instructed. A robotic spacecraft for scientific measurements is often called a space probe or space observatory. Many space
Uncrewed_spacecraft
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
from those used for other data. Executable files contain programs; all other files are also data files. However, executable files may also contain data used
Digital_data
Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox
security, Alpine compiles all user-space binaries as position-independent executables with stack-smashing protection. Because of its small size and rapid
Alpine_Linux
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
Satellite-Protection Project, being developed by ISRO, is to safeguard India's space assets and orbiting satellites from potential dangers in space, particularly
ISRO
Russian cosmonaut and politician (born 1937)
first woman in space, having flown a solo mission on Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963. She orbited the Earth 48 times, spent almost three days in space, and is the
Valentina_Tereshkova
Fictional futuristic supersoldiers
In the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000, the Space Marines, also known as the Adeptus Astartes, are superhuman warrior-monks who fight for the Imperium
Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)
Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)
Protection of software, films, music, other media
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any measure to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction
Copy_protection
Windows 9x computer virus
Portable Executable (PE) files used by Windows programs. When an infected program is run, the virus becomes memory-resident and infects other executable programs
CIH_(computer_virus)
SpaceX private launch site
SpaceX Starbase, previously known as SpaceX South Texas Launch Site and SpaceX private launch site, is an industrial complex and rocket launch facility
SpaceX_Starbase
serious injury. These include incidents during flight or training for crewed space missions and testing, assembly, preparation, or flight of crewed and robotic
List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents
List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
the Apollo 11 launch in 1969 to ensure that a global protection system is launched in to space. For All Mankind (2019), TV series depicting an alternate
Apollo_program
Industrialist and technologist (born 1971)
the chief executive officer (CEO) and largest shareholder of Tesla and SpaceX. Musk has been the wealthiest person in the world since 2025, and became
Elon_Musk
64-bit extension of x86 architecture
virtual address space can contain executable code and which cannot. An attempt to execute code from a page tagged "no execute" will result in a memory access
X86-64
Spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle orbiter was the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued
Space_Shuttle_orbiter
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
thermal protection system design of the US Space Shuttle Orbiter, with a maximum payload of 30 metric tons (slightly higher than that of the Space Shuttle)
Soviet_space_program
Starship thermal protection tiles". January 21, 2026. Archived from the original on January 27, 2026. Retrieved January 26, 2026. "SpaceX launches GPS 3
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
targets Space capsule – Type of spacecraft Space Shuttle thermal protection system – Space Shuttle heat shielding system Paper plane launched from space "Stardust
Atmospheric_entry
Pollution around Earth by defunct artificial objects
Space debris (also known as space junk, space pollution, space waste, space trash, space garbage, orbital space debris or cosmic debris) are defunct human-made
Space_debris
SpaceX satellite Internet constellation
for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference was created to manage these new man-made obstacles to space exploration
Starlink
Flight into or through outer space
Spaceflight (also space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without
Spaceflight
Filename suffix indicating file type
[citation needed] A virus may couple itself with an executable without actually modifying the executable. These viruses, known as companion viruses, attach
Filename_extension
U.S. Space Force base in Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States
Buckley Space Force Base (IATA: BFK, ICAO: KBKF, FAA LID: BKF) is a United States Space Force base in Aurora, Colorado, named after United States Army
Buckley_Space_Force_Base
American politician (born 1974)
9/11 were a hoax. Before running for Congress, Greene supported calls to execute prominent Democratic Party politicians, including Hillary Clinton and Barack
Marjorie_Taylor_Greene
Security and privacy features of the iOS operating system
uses the ARM architecture's Execute Never (XN) feature. This allows some portions of the memory to be marked as non-executable, working alongside ASLR to
Security_and_privacy_of_iOS
known as Churchyard Bottom Wood Highgate for the purposes of a public open space. Watford, Edgware and London Railway Act 1897 60 & 61 Vict. c. ccli 6 August
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1897
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1897
State of being protected from memory access bugs
return-to-libc attack and defense techniques such as the non-executable stack and address space layout randomization. Randomization prevents most buffer overflow
Memory_safety
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has
List_of_x86_instructions
American murderer on death row (born 1976)
equality before the law, preservation of health and well-being, fair trial, protection from arbitrary arrest, and due process of law" as set forth in the American
Christa_Pike
Computer instruction executing another instruction
normal program counter unchanged. Executing dynamically generated code, especially when memory protection prevents executable code from being writable. Emulating
Execute_instruction
National Space Agency of Pakistan
Management: Plan, manage, and execute the National Space Programme, encompassing space science, technology, and applications. Space Infrastructure: Design,
SUPARCO
Memory data structure in Intel processors
processor mode that allows memory protection), the GDT defines: Code segments: regions of memory that contain executable instructions. Data segments: areas
Global_Descriptor_Table
Mob attacks against bovine meat industry
protecting cattle, have been violent leading to a number of deaths. Cow-protection groups see themselves as preventing cattle theft and smuggling, protecting
Cow vigilante violence in India
Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India
Memory map - POSIX-compliant system call
pointers must be unmapped with munmap(2). Protection information—for example, marking mapped regions as executable—can be managed using mprotect(2), and special
Mmap
Overview of space exploration in the future
The future of space exploration involves both telescopic and physical explorations of space by robotic spacecraft and human spaceflight. Near-term physical
Future_of_space_exploration
Computer memory management methodology
separation of processes and increasing the size of the virtual address space beyond the available amount of RAM using paging or swapping to secondary
Memory_management
Computing slang
dependent DLLs when loading them, and the operating system searching the executable directory before any shared location. However this technique can also
DLL_hell
1994 video game
disks. Once installed on a hard drive, either in ECS or AGA version, the executable checks from where the game is launched, and if it detects a launch from
Alien_Breed:_Tower_Assault
Aerospace engineering campus in California, United States
leaders joined in an ecumenical prayer for the space age: "We dedicate this building then to the protection of our land, to the discovery of our universe
Space_Park
Federal law enforcement agency
attorney general. It is tasked with enforcing the decisions of and providing protection for the United States federal judiciary. United States Marshals are the
United States Marshals Service
United_States_Marshals_Service
Application layer protocol
string, if present, is combined with the canonical root URI to form the protection space component of the challenge. This in effect allows the server to define
HTTP
Type of directory bundle
contain executable code include applications, frameworks, and plugins. This kind of bundle usually contains one file representing executable code, and
Bundle_(macOS)
Effort by SpaceX to make rockets that can fly multiple times
SpaceX has privately funded the development of orbital launch systems that can be reused many times, similar to the reusability of aircraft. SpaceX has
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program
Activities to reduce avalanche hazards
dams (anti-avalanche dams, avalanche protection dams) are a type of avalanche control structure used for protection of inhabited areas, roads, power lines
Avalanche_control
Partially reusable super-heavy-lift launch vehicle by SpaceX
the first flight of Falcon Heavy, SpaceX had considered attempting to recover the second stage, but did not execute this plan. Falcon Heavy payload performance
Falcon_Heavy
South Asian religious and political movement
The cow protection movement is a predominantly Hindu religious and political movement aiming to protect cows, whose slaughter has been broadly opposed
Cow_protection_movement
Full-body garment
Leather quickly became the preferred material due to its durability and the protection it offered against flying debris such as insect strikes during climb-outs
Flight_suit
Software that executes source code directly
differs from one that processes CPU-native executable code which requires translating source code before executing it. An interpreter may translate the source
Interpreter_(computing)
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
Adam Back formally described a proof of work system called Hashcash as a protection against email spam in 1997. The term "proof of work" was coined and formalized
Proof_of_work
Overview article
include anti-malware software (Windows Defender); exploit protection features such as Address Space Layout Randomization, Data Execution Prevention improvements
Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
Computer memory management technique
providing memory protection. In the Intel 80386 and later IA-32 processors, the segments reside in a 32-bit linear, paged address space. Segments can be
Virtual_memory
Cache of propellant used to refuel spacecraft
to be fueled in space. It is one of the types of space resource depots that have been proposed for enabling infrastructure-based space exploration. Many
Orbital_propellant_depot
SpaceX family of liquid-fuel rocket engines
thermal protection, eliminating the need for individual engine shrouds. Initial development testing of Raptor components was done at NASA's Stennis Space Center
SpaceX_Raptor
Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX
colony. As of July 2019, SpaceX had not explained its plans for the spacecraft's life-support systems and radiation protection, and for making use of resources
SpaceX Mars colonization program
SpaceX_Mars_colonization_program
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
The Nazis developed their ideology based on racism and pursuit of "living space", and seized power in early 1933. Meant to force all German Jews to emigrate
The_Holocaust
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EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
EXECUTABLE SPACE-PROTECTION
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