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In cell biology, translational efficiency or translation efficiency is the rate of mRNA translation into proteins within cells. It has been measured in
Translational_efficiency
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
expressed genes towards the Pareto frontier for resource use and translational efficiency. Genes near the Pareto frontier were also shown to evolve more
Pareto_efficiency
mechanisms of its regulation. However, it has been shown that translational efficiency is reduced via diminished tRNA pools, which are required for the
Translational_regulation
Substrings of length k contained in a biological sequence
coding and noncoding regions driven by some dinucelotides' reduced translational efficiency. Because there is not, it can therefore be inferred that the forces
K-mer
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
untranslated regions, including mRNA stability, mRNA localization, and translational efficiency. The ability of a UTR to perform these functions depends on the
Messenger_RNA
Forward flight lift in a helicopter
Translational lift is improved rotor efficiency resulting from directional flight in a helicopter. Translation is the conversion from the hover to forward
Translational_lift
Sequence of nucleotides
one study. Secondary structures formed by the RBS can affect the translational efficiency of mRNA, generally inhibiting translation. These secondary structures
Ribosome-binding_site
Change in the heritable traits of populations
2011). "Explaining complex codon usage patterns with selection for translational efficiency, mutation bias, and genetic drift". PNAS. 108 (25): 10231–10236
Evolution
Genetic bias in coding DNA
Because secondary structure of the 5’ end of mRNA influences translational efficiency, synonymous changes at this region on the mRNA can result in profound
Codon_usage_bias
Cellular process of protein synthesis
the chromosomes to the ribosomes. The ribonucleotides are "read" by translational machinery in a sequence of nucleotide triplets called codons. Each of
Translation_(biology)
Nucleic acid motif in molecular biology
mutation found in the Kozak sequence and showed a 30% decrease in translational efficiency. It was found in a family from the Southeast Italy and they suffered
Kozak_consensus_sequence
Sequence at the 3′ end of messenger RNA that does not code for product
in a tissue, the effects of localization, functional half-life, translational efficiency, and trans-acting elements must be determined to understand the
Three prime untranslated region
Three_prime_untranslated_region
Technique in molecular biology
differences in post-transcriptional regulation, mRNA stability, or translational efficiency. Another common limitation is the cellular burden that reporter
Reporter_gene
Molecular process
primarily play a role in the structure of the rRNA in order to protect translational efficiency. Chemical modification in rRNA consists of methylation of ribose
RNA_editing
German oncologist and immunologist (born 1965)
April 2010). "Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature dendritic cells and induce superior
Uğur_Şahin
Compound analogous to naturally occurring RNA and DNA
(October 2013). "Structural and mechanistic basis for enhanced translational efficiency by 2-thiouridine at the tRNA anticodon wobble position". Journal
Nucleic_acid_analogue
Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
that can occur in matter: that comprising the three translational degrees of freedom. The translational degrees of freedom are the familiar billiard ball-like
Thermodynamic_temperature
Medications based on ribonucleic acids
(August 2010). "Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature dendritic cells and induce superior
RNA_therapeutics
Concept in molecular genetics regarding misreading of genes
primates and though there are many factors that link molecular translational efficiency to the rate of morphogenesis, these findings suggests that not
Ambush_hypothesis
Biochemical changes to RNA
has a notable effect on translational dynamics. There are various ways in which m6A is involved in translational efficiency. For instance, this modification
Epitranscriptome
RNA thermometer in Drosophila
UTR of the Drosophila hsp90 mRNA. It is required for increased translational efficiency during the heat shock response. The hsp90 gene product is involved
Hsp90_cis-regulatory_element
Ratio estimating the balance between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions
preferred in a gene, as a certain combination of codons may improve translational efficiency. A 2022 study reported that synonymous mutations in representative
Ka/Ks_ratio
RNA sequence
lengthening of the poly(A) tail thus has a role in increasing translational efficiency of the mRNA. The polyadenine tails are extended from approximately
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element
Cytoplasmic_polyadenylation_element
Short peptide present at N-terminal of newly synthesized proteins
and eukaryotes signal sequences may act co-translationally or post-translationally. The co-translational pathway is initiated when the signal peptide
Signal_peptide
Cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2
alternative exon 5 containing another 3' splicing site, exhibited a high translational efficiency, and the product lack hydrophobic domains in the signal sequence
Interleukin_15
Class of peptides
"cleavage" mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal "skip."". Journal of General Virology.
2A_peptides
Means of creating force leading to movement
of force by any combination of pushing and/or pulling to modify the translational motion of an object, which is typically a rigid body (or an articulated
Propulsion
Protein family
redox mechanism. Thiolation modification is believed to maintain translational efficiency and fidelity. MiaB and RimO are both well-characterized and bacterial
Radical_SAM_enzymes
Substance used to induce or sustain dryness
piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth1". Translational Animal Science. 4 (4) txaa183. doi:10.1093/tas/txaa183. PMC 7672461
Desiccant
Chemical compound
the TYW1 gene knocked out, it can only make m1G, causing lower translational efficiency of SMARCAD1. This leads to disinhibition of HERVK, preventing the
Wybutosine
the 5' UTR region of the TBX1 gene. This mutation increases TBX1 translational efficiency during key points in development, which is the functional equivalent
Genocopy
British academic
the central nervous system and comparative analysis of internal translational efficiency of brain, liver, and serum variants". Journal of Virology. 78 (10):
Howard_C._Thomas
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pseudouridine-binding protein, contributing to the stability and translational efficiency of certain mRNAs. Profilin 1 (PFN1) is a highly conserved actin-binding
Profilin_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
selection, CSTF2 influences transcript stability, localization, and translational efficiency, particularly in rapidly dividing or highly differentiated cells
CSTF2
Gene
oxidative shock. The mechanism by which OxyS interferes with rpoS mRNA translational efficiency is not known. However, the RNA-binding protein Hfq is implicated
RpoS
Physical quantity of hot and cold
efficiency in terms of temperature: For TC = 0 K the efficiency is 100% and that efficiency becomes greater than 100% below 0 K. Since an efficiency greater
Temperature
Phenomenon during translation of mRNA
Ribosomal frameshifting, also known as translational frameshifting or translational recoding, is a biological phenomenon that occurs during translation
Ribosomal_frameshift
Dataset of protein-coding regions
-3 and +4 of Kozak sequence have the most significant impact on translational efficiency. Hence, a sequence (A/G)NNAUGG is defined as a strong Kozak signal
Consensus_CDS_Project
Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) is a translational research project that is genetically engineering plants to photosynthesize more
Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency
Realizing_Increased_Photosynthetic_Efficiency
DNA or mRNA sequence representing the end of transcription or translation
Dalphin, M. E.; Berry, M. J.; Tate, W. P. (6 June 1995). "Translational termination efficiency in mammals is influenced by the base following the stop codon"
Termination_signal
Macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in cells
proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus. Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This
Ribosome
Chronic medical condition
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 18 (1) 100. doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02269-0. PMC 7038594. PMID 32093722
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Myalgic_encephalomyelitis/chronic_fatigue_syndrome
American epidemiologist
School of Medicine, where he serves as Associate Dean of Clinical and Translational Research. He is co-founder and co-director of the Meta-Research Innovation
Steven_N._Goodman
Tool to study dynamic behavior of interconnected rigid or flexible bodies
interconnected rigid or flexible bodies, each of which may undergo large translational and rotational displacements. The systematic treatment of the dynamic
Multibody_system
Sequencing of amino acid arrangement in a protein
peptide. This may serve to identify the protein or characterize its post-translational modifications. Typically, partial sequencing of a protein provides sufficient
Protein_sequencing
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. Often, one gene regulator controls another
Regulation_of_gene_expression
events can activate NMD. This work contributed to understanding of translational fidelity and mRNA quality control. In subsequent research, Jacobson
Allan_Jacobson
Experimental anti-insomnia drug
D, de Lecea L (January 2022). "Hypocretins (orexins): The ultimate translational neuropeptides". J Intern Med. 291 (5): 533–556. doi:10.1111/joim.13406
Seltorexant
Swiss bioinformatics company
workflow and analysis systems that support discovery, development, and translational research, as well as technology-focused analytical workflows. These
Genedata
American hematologist
National Institutes of Health (NIH). She is the Branch Chief of the Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch. She was the Editor-in-Chief of Blood, the
Cynthia_E._Dunbar
Aspect of molecular biology
microarray analysis on the RNA isolated from polysomes, as well as translational profiling through the affinity purification of epitope tagged ribosomes
Ribosome_profiling
Protein
which forces tight translational regulation in the cytoplasm. CPEBs bound to these mRNAs were found to have a lower translation efficiency, which is indicative
CPEB
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
pressures are desirable for the best thermal efficiency. Nuclear thermal rockets are capable of higher efficiencies, but have low thrust, thanks to the low
Rocket_engine
Software program to identify complete gene structures in genomic DNA
features that are recognizable by general transcriptional, splicing and translational machinery that processes the majority of all protein coding genes, as
GENSCAN
Genetic perturbation technique
interference and its applications", Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Reprogramming the Genome: Applications of CRISPR-Cas in Non-mammalian
CRISPR_interference
Pluripotent stem cell generated directly from a somatic cell
for human cells, with efficiencies around 0.01–0.1%. However, considerable advances have been made in improving the efficiency and the time it takes to
Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell
Nucleotide pattern causing frameshifting
acid tertiary structure Open reading frame Ribosomal frameshifting Translational frameshift Transposable element Jacks T, Madhani HD, Masiarz FR, Varmus
Slippery_sequence
Species of virus
immune responses to AAV gene therapy for hemophilia B". Journal of Translational Medicine. 12 25. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-25. PMC 3904690. PMID 24460861
Adeno-associated_virus
Physical quantity
potential and kinetic energy as its own form. For example, the sum of translational and rotational kinetic and potential energy within a system is referred
Energy
Part of experimental design
Research". In David Robertson; Gordon H. Williams (eds.). Clinical and Translational Science: Principles of Human Research. Academic Press. p. 13, parag
Treatment_and_control_groups
Type of mechanical arm with similar functions to a human arm
allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered
Robotic_arm
Australian molecular biologist and academic
dual roles as a Director at the Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science and deputy director at Murdoch's Centre for Molecular Medicine
Steve_Wilton
Use of Iron by organisms
regulation of cellular iron levels is ultimately controlled at the translational level by iron-responsive element-binding proteins IRP1 and especially
Iron_in_biology
Detection of protein-protein interactions
detection of protein-protein interactions, extracellular vesicles and post translational modifications with high specificity and sensitivity. Protein targets
Proximity_ligation_assay
Tumor marker
higher than similar markers. Current research dictates that diagnostic efficiency is highest when various tumor markers are tested for at once. CA 242 has
CA_242_(tumor_marker)
Theory within consciousness research
consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior" (PDF). Science Translational Medicine. 5 (198): 198ra105. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294. hdl:2268/171542
Integrated_information_theory
201Tl. Preclinical SPECT plays an important role in multiple areas of translational research where SPECT can be used for non-invasive imaging of radiolabeled
Preclinical_SPECT
Ribosomal binding site in prokaryotic messenger RNA
acids in sequence as dictated by the codons, moving downstream from the translational start site. The Shine–Dalgarno sequence is common in bacteria, but rarer
Shine–Dalgarno_sequence
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
a stable internal environment in living organisms. Examples of post-translational modification include phosphorylation, myristoylation and glycosylation
Enzyme
Queueing of ribosomes during protein synthesis
for the cell to control how much protein is produced; it also aids co-translational folding of the nascent polypeptide on the ribosome, and delays protein
Ribosomal_pause
Post-translational modification
(Kmal, maK), protein malonylation or malonylation, is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, in which a malonyl
Lysine_malonylation
Movement of an aircraft on the ground, under its own power
taxis are conducted at speeds up to 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph), or below translational lift. The Bell CH-135 Twin Huey is hover taxied in a manner typical
Taxiing
Selenium-containing amino acid
normally the "opal" stop codon. Such a mechanism is called translational recoding and its efficiency depends on the selenoprotein being synthesized and on
Selenocysteine
Dimensionality reduction of graph-based semantic data objects [machine learning task]
by the idea of translation invariance introduced in word2vec. A pure translational model relies on the fact that the embedding vector of the entities are
Knowledge_graph_embedding
Ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material
therefore the translational symmetry of the crystal. The three dimensions of space afford 14 distinct Bravais lattices describing the translational symmetry
Crystal_structure
Protein gene product
the components of the gamma-secretase complex undergo extensive post-translational modification, especially proteolytic activation; APH-1 and PEN-2 are
APH-1
Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium
proteins). Although much fewer bacterial proteins seem to have post-translational modifications (PTMs) compared to eukaryotic proteins, a substantial
Escherichia_coli
Research organization
organization which has raised $569.4 million to support clinical and translational research on breast cancer at medical institutions in the United States
Breast Cancer Research Foundation
Breast_Cancer_Research_Foundation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
instability and contribute significantly to DNA damage. Several post-translational modifications regulate the stability and activity of UHRF1. Phosphorylation
UHRF1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in the heart of homozygous Mybpc3-targeted knock-in mice, although the efficiency of the process was low and the amount of repaired protein was not sufficient
Myosin binding protein C, cardiac
Myosin_binding_protein_C,_cardiac
sensing, and a secondary, sustained phase of contraction mediated by post-translational modifications of contractile proteins. First described by Gleb von Anrep
Anrep_effect
Polymerization process involving free radicals as repeating units
large amount of small molecules are associated, losing rotation and translational degrees of freedom. As a result, the entropy decreases in the system
Radical_polymerization
heteropolymers. Tailspike proteins have also shown potential for more translational applications such as fighting bacterial infections. A study has demonstrated
Phage_P22_tailspike_protein
Type of VTOL aircraft
described a shaft-driven rotor, with anti-torque and propulsion for translational flight provided by one or more propellers mounted on stub wings. With
Gyrodyne
Gene found in coronaviruses of the subgenus Sarbecovirus
higher-order oligomers, with unknown functional effects. In SARS-CoV, post-translational modification of ORF3a by O-glycosylation has been observed. In hCoV-NL63
ORF3a
Attitude control device used in spacecraft
center of mass; it is not capable of moving from one place to another (translational force). Reaction wheels are used primarily by spacecraft for three-axis
Reaction_wheel
Genetically engineered T cell
hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances". Hepatobiliary Cancers: Translational Advances and Molecular Medicine. Vol. 156. pp
CAR_T_cell
Family of proteins which attach to other proteins to modify them
soo-muh-lā-shun and sometimes written sumoylation). SUMOylation is a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, such as nuclear-cytosolic
SUMO_protein
Genome regions affecting protein levels
post-transcriptional regulatory factors such as translation efficiency, protein degradation or stability, and post-translational modifications. As a result, pQTL analysis
Protein quantitative trait loci
Protein_quantitative_trait_loci
Electrical conductor used to make contact with nonmetallic parts of a circuit
A → D+ + A− The potential energy of the system is a function of the translational, rotational, and vibrational coordinates of the reacting species and
Electrode
Research organization
Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Computational approaches to health care
point to missing data) help in discovering data quality problems. Translational Bioinformatics (TBI) is a relatively new field that surfaced in the
Health_informatics
Type of rocket engine
thruster does not house any combustion and therefore has lower thrust and efficiency compared to conventional monopropellant and bipropellant rocket engines
Cold_gas_thruster
Scientific study of the nervous system
may shed light on psychiatric disorders. Another important area of translational research is brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), or machines that are able
Neuroscience
Mathematical invariance under transformations
3D about a line) without changing the overall shape. An object has translational symmetry if it can be translated (moving every point of the object by
Symmetry
Multiprotein complex
gene silencing via a variety of pathways at the transcriptional and translational levels. Using single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, such as microRNA
RNA-induced_silencing_complex
Mammalian protein found in humans
PMC 1507568. PMID 10935507. Appella E, Anderson CW (May 2001). "Post-translational modifications and activation of p53 by genotoxic stresses". European
P53
American clinical psychologist
papers on the process of evidence-based assessment and on the diagnostic efficiency of commonly used assessment tools. These papers guide readers through
Anna_Van_Meter
Robotics problem on coordinating two parts of a robot
is possible to decompose the equation into a purely rotational and translational part; methods utilizing this are referred to as separable methods. Where
Hand–eye_calibration_problem
Molecular process that occurs within living cells
or threonine (Thr) residues in a protein. O-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs after the protein has been synthesised. In
O-linked_glycosylation
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Translation
Girl/Female
Scottish
Sometimes used in Scotland as a translation of the Gaelic 'Aonghus'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Girl/Female
Irish American Latin
Strong willed or wise. Cornelius is sometimes used as a translation of the name Conchubhar...
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (American)
Jewish (American) : English translation of Ashkenazic Neufeld.English : habitational name from any of many places named Newfield, especially in northern England and Scotland.
Boy/Male
French
Respected; regarded highly (literal translation is Beautiful/handsome gaze).
Female
Yiddish
Yiddish translation of Hebrew Tsipporah, derived from the vocabulary word foygl, FEYGL means "bird."Â
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (American)
Jewish (American) : English translation of Feuerman (see Feuer).English : variant of Fairman.
Surname or Lastname
Translation of French Lemieux.English
Translation of French Lemieux.English : nickname from Old English bētere ‘fighter’, ‘beater’. Reaney suggests it may also be a short form of the various occupational names ending with -better, for example Leadbetter.German (Bavarian) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of rosaries, from Bavarian better ‘rosary’ (from beten ‘to pray’).
Boy/Male
Irish
Strong willed or wise. Cornelius is sometimes used as a translation of the name Conchubhar...
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old English gÅdnes ‘goodness’.English translation of the French Canadian surname Labonte.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name Ketill, from ketill ‘kettle’, ‘(sacrificial) cauldron’.English translation of German Kessel.
Girl/Female
Scottish
Young dog. A translation of the Gaelic 'Cailean' Also, 'victory of the people'.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Newton.Probably a translation of equivalents in other European languages, such as French Neuville or German Neustadt.
Surname or Lastname
English (Durham)
English (Durham) : variant of Read 1.Translation of German Roth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Wolf 1.Irish : translation of Gaelic Ó Faoláin (see Whelan).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an amorous person, from a translation of French pleyn d’amour.
Surname or Lastname
Translation of German Kohl.English
Translation of German Kohl.English : from Middle English caboche, cabage ‘cabbage’, hence a nickname or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a cabbage grower. The Middle English word also denoted a kind of freshwater fish, and in some cases the surname may have arisen from this sense.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Read 1.English translation of Jewish Rothman, Rotman, Rottman, Roitman, or Reitman.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant of Stone, with the addition of man ‘man’.Translation of German Steinmann.
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Prosperity. Populousness.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of Lord Murugan, Goddess Saraswati (Goddess of education
Boy/Male
Greek Hungarian
Victorious.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Voice
Boy/Male
Irish
Noble chief.
Male
Greek
(Τιτάνος) Greek name TITANOS means "of the Titans."
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
God
Boy/Male
Sikh
Victory for all
Girl/Female
Biblical
Abode of the goddess Bahest or Bast.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Earth; Goddess Lakshmi; Goddess Parvati; God of Earth
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
TRANSLATIONAL EFFICIENCY
a.
Transitional.
n.
A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation.
n.
Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas.
n.
That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation.
n.
The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.
a.
Comprising sentences; as, a sentential translation.
v. i.
To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.
n.
Wrong translation.
n.
A version; translation; as, the rendering of the Hebrew text.
n.
That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.
a.
Having word answering to word; word for word; literal; as, a verbal translation.
v. i.
A change of position effected by a motion of translation.
n.
Translation; rendering; version.
n.
A verbal translation; a version or translation from one language into another, word for word; -- opposed to paraphrase.
a.
Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.
n.
Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to rotation.
n.
Translation from one language to another.
n.
A burlesque translation or imitation of a work.
n.
The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.
v.
A mathematical point; -- regularly used in old English translations of Euclid.