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Electoral system with lottery among ballots
A random ballot, or random dictatorship, is a randomized electoral system where the election is decided on the basis of a single randomly selected ballot
Random_ballot
Container for completed vote records during an election
were placed inside a pot. Winners were chosen through the drawing of random ballots. While this system may have been used before the 10th century, there
Ballot_box
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e., by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample. In ancient
Sortition
Single-winner electoral system
left: Check if any candidates are tied (and if so, break the ties by random ballot). Eliminate all candidates outside the majority-preferred set. Delete
Schulze_method
Type of electoral system
already received an absolute majority in the first ballot (more than half of votes), and in the second ballot, where there are only two candidates, one of the
Plurality_voting
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
least-favored candidates on each ballot receive fewer points; the most-favored receive more points. The points on each ballot for each candidate are added
Ranked_voting
Voting system
political parties in France at the time. However, 16 candidates were on the ballot, including Jean-Pierre Chevènement (5.33%) and Christiane Taubira (2.32%)
Two-round_system
Plurality voting system
district is the seat/post system, where each seat is filled using a separate ballot. This was used in Canadian provincial elections – to elect MLAs in Winnipeg
First-past-the-post_voting
Association football match in London
closed at 17:00 GMT on 18 March, with recipients to be determined by a random ballot before 6 April. A ticket launch event was held at London's City Hall
2011 UEFA Champions League final
2011_UEFA_Champions_League_final
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
ranked the highest. Numbering one of the top-two candidates on the ballot avoids ballot exhaustion. The vote tallies of the two remaining candidates are
Contingent_vote
Theoretical rule in social choice theory
majority in every subelection, that candidate may lose. Paradox of voting Random ballot Game Theory Second Edition Guillermo Owen Ch 6 pp124-5 Axiom 5 Academic
Dictatorship_mechanism
Point-based ranked voting system
points, the second-lowest gets 1 point, and so on. The points on all the ballots are calculated, and the candidate with the most points wins. The Borda
Borda_count
were to serve a two-year term or a four-year term was determined by random ballot. A recount took place on 11 December due to the closeness of the votes
2008_Sark_general_election
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
primary. All voters can take part in an open primary and may cast votes on a ballot of any party. The party may require them to express their support to the
Primary_election
Multi-winner electoral system
Senatorial rules in Australia) eliminates randomness by examining all the preferences marked on the last parcel of ballots received by the elected candidate.
Single_transferable_vote
Voting method
The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner. Under the exhaustive ballot the elector casts a single vote for their chosen candidate
Exhaustive_ballot
Statewide referendum item in California
In California, a ballot proposition is a referendum or an initiative measure that is submitted to the electorate for a direct decision or direct vote (or
California_ballot_proposition
Method to make collective decisions
of mail-in ballots narrows the types of possible ballots. Some ballots allow only one choice to be selected (single X voting); some ballots allow multiple
Voting
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
held by the eliminated candidates to the next-highest preference on each ballot paper (setting aside any with no remaining preferences). Return to step
Instant-runoff_voting
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
cycle. Non-dictatorship – the system does not depend on only one voter's ballot. This weakens anonymity (one vote, one value) to allow rules that treat
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
Election result affecting losing candidate
swing state ballots while working to get Cornel West on battleground ballots. Democrats have helped some right-leaning third-parties gain ballot access while
Spoiler_effect
tie vote, the Grand Committee's stance on the issue was decided by a random ballot. In parliament, the personal use of cannabis was voted to be made illegal
Cannabis_in_Finland
Result in social choice theory
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem
McKelvey–Schofield_chaos_theorem
Single-winner electoral system
preferred on more ballots wins. It is a type of cardinal voting electoral system. In STAR, voters are given a score ballot (or ratings ballot) on which each
STAR_voting
Method by which voters make a choice between options
candidate, how many votes are cast by each voter, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted or weighed, how votes translate into the
Electoral_system
Political process
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Political_fragmentation
Agreement by all people in a situation
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Unanimity
Process of counting votes in an election
candidates are on the ballot, and these are often counted manually. In elections where many seats are being filled on the same ballot, counts are often done
Vote_counting
Electoral system quota formula
preference candidate is un-electable or elected with surplus. There are 100 ballots showing preferences as follows: Because there are 100 voters and 2 seats
Hare_quota
Football match
the number of applications exceeds the number of tickets available, a random ballot will occur to determine ticket allocation. 27 August 2010 20:45 CEST
2010_UEFA_Super_Cup
Probability theory paradox
apparently valid yet yielding different results: The "random endpoints" method: Choose two random points on the circumference of the circle and draw the
Bertrand paradox (probability)
Bertrand_paradox_(probability)
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
therefore, do not have the option to express their preferences at the ballot as to which of a party's candidates are elected into office. A party is
Proportional_representation
Form of voting that allows delegation
Procedure notes that, under proxy voting, voting for officers should be done by ballot, due to the difficulties involved in authentication if a member simply calls
Proxy_voting
Comparative politics for electoral systems
criteria. Voting methods can be evaluated by measuring their accuracy under random simulated elections aiming to be faithful to the properties of elections
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Football match in Moscow, Russia
the UEFA website. Recipients of those tickets were determined by a random ballot following an online application process that ran from 28 February to
2008 UEFA Champions League final
2008_UEFA_Champions_League_final
Single-winner electoral system family
developed by Nicolaus Tideman which selects a single winner using ranked ballots. This method is Smith-efficient, making it a Condorcet method, and uses
Tideman_alternative_method
Combination of direct and representative democracy
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Liquid_democracy
Anonymous voting method
The secret ballot, also known as the australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's identity in an election or a referendum is anonymous. This
Secret_ballot
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Unrestricted_domain
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Electoral_quota
2nd season of the reality television series
potentially compete in the elimination round. This voting acts as a random ballot, with a ball being added to the Hopper for each vote a contestant receives
The_Challenge:_USA_season_2
Upper house of the Parliament of Australia
members. The order of parties on the ballot papers and the order of ungrouped candidates are determined by a random ballot conducted by the Australian Electoral
Australian_Senate
Electoral systems with independent candidate ratings
skipped candidates the lowest possible score for the ballot they were skipped. Other forms have those ballots not affect the candidate's rating at all. Those
Rated_voting
Single-winner ranked voting rule
elections for the Doge). Each voter rank-orders all of the candidates on their ballot. If a candidate is ranked first by a majority of voters, that candidate
Coombs'_method
Single-winner electoral system
ballots are used to determine the winner in any race with just two candidates, based upon which of the two candidates is ranked higher on each ballot
Ranked_pairs
Use of different electoral systems in different districts
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Coexistence (electoral systems)
Coexistence_(electoral_systems)
Grouping of candidates for election
is over, the final list is made public. The list may be printed on the ballot paper cast by voters at the election, or on a separate voter information
Electoral_list
Unincorporated community in New Hampshire, United States
pneumonia in 2001 at the age of 102, the first voter has been chosen by random ballot beforehand. In the presidential election of November 2, 2004, the village
Dixville_Notch,_New_Hampshire
Impossibility of straightforward game forms
straightforward; the optimal ballot for a voter "requires strategic voting", i.e. it depends on their beliefs about other voters' ballots. A corollary of this
Gibbard's_theorem
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
reassigned to A {\displaystyle A} and Z {\displaystyle Z} , according to their ballot. In the second round, enough voters who preferred M {\displaystyle M} as
Center_squeeze
Voting systems using paired comparisons
either empty or contains a 0. Each ballot can be transformed into this style of matrix, and then added to all other ballot matrices using matrix addition
Round-robin_voting
Art museum in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
1,350 invited guests. 2,500 members of the public were selected by random ballot for the evening event which included performances by The DC3, True Live
Museum_of_Old_and_New_Art
Voting requirement above 50% for passage
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Supermajority
Balanced or random resource allocation
the bin is selected at random, or at least partially at random. A powerful balls-into-bins paradigm is the "power of two random choices" where each ball
Balls_into_bins_problem
Single-winner ranked vote system
candidates from best to worst on their ballot. Candidates then compete in a round-robin tournament, where the ballots are used to determine which candidate
Copeland's_method
Technique used for elections
share of seats relative to its share of the popular vote, the first step in ballot counting is to add up the votes going to each party either overall (at-large)
Localized_list
Website created by Microsoft in March 2010
known as the web browser ballot box, was a screen displayed in Internet Explorer that offered ten to twelve browsers in a random order. The screen was presented
BrowserChoice.eu
Illegal interference with the process of an election
Ballot stuffing, or "ballot-box stuffing", is the illegal practice of one person submitting multiple ballots during a vote in which only one ballot per
Electoral_fraud
Class of voting systems
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Sequential_elimination_method
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
determined by checking which candidate has the higher rank or rating on a ballot. In a contest between candidates A, B and C using the preferential-vote
Condorcet_method
first ballot box; 2. The ballot box shuffles its ballots and returns a random ballot to the voter; 3. To finish the process, the voter signs the ballot received
Farnel
Proportional-representation voting system
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Largest_remainder_method
Top-two primary election
Chief Justice John Roberts concurred in the 2008 decision, stating: "If the ballot is designed in such a manner that no reasonable voter would believe that
Nonpartisan_primary
Variant of party-list voting system
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Closed_list
Single-winner electoral system
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Black's_method
Type of mixed electoral system
proportionally to the number of votes the party received in the party portion of the ballot. This can be done by different apportionment methods: such as the D'Hondt
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Political faction in social choice
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Solid_coalition
Correction method used in some voting systems
tiers. The two parts of the dual ballot are tied in a way that only those lists votes get counted, which are on ballots that would be transfer votes in
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Review of a finished election
of stored paper ballots is particularly important between the time the random sample is selected and when the corresponding ballots are examined, to
Election_audit
Industrial action in British coal mining
collecting food for miners and their families. The absence of a national ballot by the NUM to support the national strike weakened wider official support
1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike
1984–1985_United_Kingdom_miners'_strike
Class of apportionment methods
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Rank-index_method
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Tournament_solution
Proportional electoral system
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Huntington–Hill_method
Winner-take-all approval voting
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Block_approval_voting
Property of apportionment methods
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Vote-ratio_monotonicity
Individual voter's first choice
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
First-preference_vote
Social choice problem
The preferences can be numeric (cardinal ballots) or ranked (ordinal ballots) or binary (approval ballots). In combinatorial settings, voters may have
Multi-issue_voting
Theorem in political science
possible configuration of the voters and candidates consistent with the ballots, with the voters positioned on the circumference of a unit circle. In this
Median_voter_theorem
Social choice theorem on superiority of majority voting
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
May's_theorem
Party-list addition system in elections
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Apparentment
Election result probability theorem
In combinatorics, Bertrand's ballot problem is the question: "In an election where candidate A receives p votes and candidate B receives q votes with p > q
Bertrand's_ballot_theorem
Probability puzzle
is a different action from choosing between the two remaining doors at random, as the former action uses the previous information and the latter does
Monty_Hall_problem
Self-contradiction of majority rule
X_{n}} (resp. Y n {\displaystyle Y_{n}} , Z n {\displaystyle Z_{n}} ) the random variable equal to the number of voters who placed A in front of B (respectively
Condorcet_paradox
Legendary war in Greek mythology
and Aristophanes ib) According to Pindar, the decision was made by secret ballot among the Achaeans. In all story versions, the arms were awarded to Odysseus
Trojan_War
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". Ballot Access News. Retrieved October 1, 2021. Clift, Eleanor (July 18, 2016).
Donald_Trump
Procedure in which post-election tabulation is audited for risk limits
differences in interpretations and total tallies. Ballot polling. Humans count a random sample of ballots; humans report any difference between manual percentage
Risk-limiting_audit
Family of voting systems
most party list systems, a voter will only support one party (a choose-one ballot). Open list systems may allow voters to support more than one candidate
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Pathological behavior by an apportionment rule
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Apportionment_paradox
Football match in Rome, Italy
made available to the general public, with recipients determined by a random ballot following an application period that ran from 2 to 16 March 2009. Each
2009 UEFA Champions League final
2009_UEFA_Champions_League_final
How choices are tallied under multi-winner ranked-choice voting
successful candidate. Reallocation ballots are drawn at random from those most recently received. In a manual count of paper ballots, this is the easiest method
Counting single transferable votes
Counting_single_transferable_votes
Type of multi-winner plurality/majority electoral system
as the district magnitude. Each voter selects up to m candidates on the ballot. The m candidates with the most votes, but not necessarily a majority, are
Block_voting
Property of electoral systems
plurality voting, the full set of voter preferences is not recorded on the ballot and so cannot be deduced therefrom (e.g. following a real election). Plurality
Condorcet_winner
Method for group decision-making
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Median_voting_rule
Criterion for evaluating fairness of electoral systems
representation criterion from party-list voting to other forms of ballots, such as Approval ballots. Proportional representation (PR) is an important consideration
Justified_representation
Single-winner positional electoral system
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Anti-plurality_voting
2002 book by George Tsebelis
representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery Random ballot Semi-proportional representation Cumulative SNTV Limited voting Mixed
Veto_Players
American novelist
Rey/Penguin Random House) Spin a Black Yarn (2023, Del Rey/Penguin Random House) Incidents Around the House (2024, Del Rey/Penguin Random House) Pictures
Josh_Malerman
Electoral pathology or paradox
social choice rule, which says that increasing a candidate's rank on some ballots should not cause them to lose (or vice versa, that decreasing a candidate's
Non-negative_responsiveness
The mixed ballot transferable vote (MBTV) refers to a type of vote linkage-based mixed-member electoral system where a group of members are elected on
Mixed ballot transferable vote
Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote
Political party in Indonesia
Chairman Roy Rening Secretary-General Random Gultom Founded 22 August 1998 Headquarters Jakarta Ideology Pancasila Ballot number 32 DPR seats 0 Website pkdindonesia
Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion
Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Devotion
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