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Voting system
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to
Two-round_system
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
as using a partisan two-round system to highlight the similarity to two-round (runoff) systems, particularly in two-party systems.[citation needed] These
Primary_election
Top-two primary election
first round of a two-round system. As opposed to most two-round systems, the "first round" is a primary held before Election Day, and the "second round" is
Nonpartisan_primary
Method by which voters make a choice between options
second-most-common system used for presidential elections, being used in 19 countries. The two-round system is the most common system used to elect a president
Electoral_system
Plurality voting system
most American elections behave effectively like two-round systems, in which the first round chooses two main contenders (of which one of them goes on to
First-past-the-post_voting
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
considered a compressed or "instant" form of the two-round system (runoff system), in which the second "round" is conducted without the need for voters to
Contingent_vote
Government system dominated by only two major political parties
A two-party system is a political party system in which two major political parties consistently dominate the political landscape. At any point in time
Two-party_system
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
Instant-runoff voting is a majoritarian system. It has similarities to the two-round system, party primary, and single transferable voting. IRV has found some
Instant-runoff_voting
Form of government
typically via a two-round system, therefore a majority or plurality principle. The head of state is elected directly, usually via a two-round system, rarely by
Parliamentary_system
Voting method
to the two-round system but with key differences. Under the two round system, if no candidate receives a majority of the votes on the first round, only
Exhaustive_ballot
Lower house of the French Parliament
single-member constituency (at least one per department) through a two-round system; thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. The president of the
National_Assembly_(France)
Representative subdivisions
instant-runoff voting or the two-round system is used in other cases. In both systems each voter has one vote in the round of voting. District magnitude
Electoral_district
Voting for candidates by the public
depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections
Direct_election
System favoring larger parties over smaller ones
the primary (lower) chamber of their legislature and France uses a two-round system (TRS). All other European countries either use proportional representation
Winner-take-all_system
that the first round may be delayed until December 2026. The President of Haiti is elected using the two-round system, with a second round held if no candidate
2026_Haitian_general_election
Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act (總統副總統選舉罷免法) to establish a two-round system for the 2028 presidential election. Democratic Progressive Party lawmakers
2028 Taiwanese presidential election
2028_Taiwanese_presidential_election
Direct vote on a specific proposal
majority (more than half) of the votes, resort can be made to the two-round system or instant-runoff voting, which is also called IRV and PV. In 2018
Referendum
unless a list reaches 50% in their section in the first round. Lists with 5% in the first round can merge with other qualified lists. Seats allocation
List of legislatures by country
List_of_legislatures_by_country
Type of electoral system
voting to a majority system, the two-round system, where usually the top two candidates in the first ballot progress to the second round, also called the
Plurality_voting
Set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office
March 1973 and September 1973 general elections used a two-round direct election by popular vote system which was established by the outgoing military junta
Electoral_college
Non-proportional electoral system
districts, the system is commonly referred to as "block voting" or the "bloc vote". These systems are usually based on a single round of voting. The party-list
Plurality_block_voting
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
center squeeze is a kind of spoiler effect shared by rules like the two-round system, plurality-with-primaries, and ranked choice voting. In a center squeeze
Center_squeeze
Lower house of the Parliament of Gabon
lower house of the Parliament of Gabon. It has 145 members, elected by two-round system National Assembly was established in 1960 by the Constitution of Gabon
National_Assembly_of_Gabon
Head of state of Romania
elected by a two-round system, and, following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, serves for five years. An individual may serve two terms that
President_of_Romania
through first-past-the-post voting in two single-member constituencies. South Korea uses the additional member system de jure, but it has been de facto nullified
List of electoral systems by country
List_of_electoral_systems_by_country
Multi-winner electoral system
the only food served at the party. Even if they held two rounds of voting (as in the two-round system), the bare majority that prefers some other kind of
Single_transferable_vote
the two-round system, with a second round scheduled for 29 January 2017 if no candidate received an absolute majority of the votes in the first round (50%
November 2016 Haitian presidential election
November_2016_Haitian_presidential_election
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
affects: Multi-round rules like instant-runoff, two-round, and primary elections. Immune: Plurality and all commonly-used rated voting systems, including
Strategic_voting
since 1958 but since the 1986 electoral reform re-establishing the two-round system for legislative elections, the total number of constituencies is 577
Legislative elections in France
Legislative_elections_in_France
Voting method in which voters vote openly
An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open
Open_ballot_system
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
lawyer Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names. Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties approximately
D'Hondt_method
Head of state under the Weimar Constitution
form of the two-round system. If no candidate received the support of an absolute majority in the first round of voting, a second round was held at a
President of Germany (1919–1945)
President_of_Germany_(1919–1945)
stanford.edu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) "Two-Round System". Electoral Reform Society. Archived from the original on 12 December
List_of_electoral_systems
to the Federal Senate. In presidential elections, the system employed is the Two-Round system to achieve absolute majority, where a person needs to obtain
Electoral_system_of_Brazil
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
(such as the widely used two-round system). Mixed systems combine elements of both proportional and majoritarian/plurality systems, with some (mixed-member
Election
territories and French residents overseas, were contested using a two-round system. The elections came a month after the presidential election won by
2012 French legislative election
2012_French_legislative_election
Lower house of the National Assembly of Bahrain
using a two-round system, with a second round being held of the top two candidates if no candidate receives 50% of the vote in the first round. Candidates
Council of Representatives (Bahrain)
Council_of_Representatives_(Bahrain)
Version of the two-round electoral system used in Argentina since 1994
countries with a two-round system require a candidate to win at least 50 percent of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. In these cases,
Ballotage_in_Argentina
saw the introduction of a two-round system. Ricardo Lagos and Joaquín Lavín emerged as the top two candidates in the first round, with Lagos having a slight
1999–2000 Chilean presidential election
1999–2000_Chilean_presidential_election
Federal Bundestag election regulation
The German federal election system regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called the Bundestag. According to the principles
Electoral_system_of_Germany
Upper house of Czech Parliament
constituencies through the two-round system. If no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round, there is a second round between the two highest-placed
Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic
elected in a single round with a narrow majority. Presidential Election The president of Zimbabwe is elected using the two-round system. Parliamentary Election
2023 Zimbabwean general election
2023_Zimbabwean_general_election
New Orleans has used a two-round system with a preliminary round and a runoff if no candidate reached a majority in the first round. All mayors of New Orleans
Mayor_of_New_Orleans
election uses a two-round system based on a direct popular vote. If no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff is held
Elections_in_Finland
Chief executive of Los Angeles
The mayor is elected in a citywide election and follows a two-round system. The first round of the election is called the primary election, with the candidate
Mayor_of_Los_Angeles
Type of mixed electoral system
first-past-the-post vote and a list-PR vote. There are also examples for two-round system and list-PR (Lithuania) or party block voting and list-PR (Andorra)
Mixed-member majoritarian representation
Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation
constituencies using the two-round system, and the remaining 70 in a single nationwide constituency using proportional representation. The first round was held on
2024 Lithuanian parliamentary election
2024_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election
Non-eliminating tournament format, without playing every competitor
a full round-robin (all-play-all) feasible. In contrast, all-play-all is suitable if there are a small number of competitors. The Swiss system seeks to
Swiss-system_tournament
law, a two-round system is used to elect the president in which a candidate must win a majority (50% or more) of all ballots cast. The first round of voting
2004 Ukrainian presidential election
2004_Ukrainian_presidential_election
system was held in Slovenia on 8 December 1996. Voters were given three options to approve or not; a compensatory system, a two-round majority system
1996 Slovenian electoral system referendum
1996_Slovenian_electoral_system_referendum
members. Since then, the presidency has been directly elected with two round system. The 1873 election took place on 24 May following the resignation of
List of indirect presidential elections in France
List_of_indirect_presidential_elections_in_France
list of most likely gravitationally rounded objects (GRO) of the Solar System, which are objects that have a rounded, ellipsoidal shape due to their own
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System
Property of electoral systems
the United States), first-past-the-post voting, and the two-round system. Most rated systems (like score voting and the highest median rules) are not
Condorcet_winner
Type of mixed electoral system
mixed majoritarian system, mostly independent combination of two-round voting and party-list PR. Changes after 2010 have made the system more clearly mixed-member
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Lower house of the Tajik legislature
Representatives are elected by two methods; 41 members are elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system, whilst 22 are elected by proportional
Assembly of Representatives (Tajikistan)
Assembly_of_Representatives_(Tajikistan)
Point-based ranked voting system
severe than under the Bucklin system, but it still exists. The traditional Borda method is currently used to elect two ethnic minority members of the
Borda_count
Correction method used in some voting systems
general two forms of compensation: vote linkage and seat linkage. Vote linkage compensation in a single-tier system occurs in many ranked voting systems such
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Winner-takes-all voting systems tend to result in only two viable parties
political systems with single-member districts and the first-past-the-post voting system, as in, for example, the United States and United Kingdom, only two powerful
Duverger's_law
Topics referred to by the same term
Runoff voting system, also known as the two-round system, a voting system where a second round of voting is used to elect one of the two candidates receiving
Runoff
Comparative politics for electoral systems
and results of comparing different electoral systems. There are two broad methods to compare voting systems: Metrics of voter satisfaction, either through
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Family of voting systems
(1993–2001) Egypt (2020) Georgia (1990–2024): Georgia initially used a two-round system for its constituency seats. Up until 2016, 73 seats out of 150 seats
Mixed_electoral_system
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
pointed out the weakness of systems that eliminate a candidate out of hand after the first round, such as the Two-round system or instant-runoff voting (IRV)
Ranked_voting
Asian men's club volleyball tournament
played in a round-robin format. From 2000 to 2004, the competition adopted a two-round system: a preliminary round (featuring a pool round, from which
AVC Men's Volleyball Champions League
AVC_Men's_Volleyball_Champions_League
Parliamentary system variant
can express two votes, one for the mayor, and the other one for the council. The mayor is elected with a two-round system: at the first round, the candidate
Prime-ministerial_system
on 22 and 29 April 1928. These elections saw the restoration of the two-round system that had been abolished in 1919. The result was a victory for the centre-right
1928 French legislative election
1928_French_legislative_election
elections from first-past-the-post to a nonpartisan blanket primary (a two-round system). The proposition was legislatively referred to voters by the State
2010 California Proposition 14
2010_California_Proposition_14
Caltech student residence system
residential colleges and Harvard University house system. Like a residential college, a house embodies two closely connected concepts: it serves as both a
House system at the California Institute of Technology
House_system_at_the_California_Institute_of_Technology
Head of state of the Czech Republic
approval, among others. The president is elected directly using the two-round system to a five-year term. Prior to 2013, the president was selected by a
President of the Czech Republic
President_of_the_Czech_Republic
Tournament format in which the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated
next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion(s). Some match-ups may be a single match or several, for example two-legged
Single-elimination_tournament
Proportional-representation voting system
win a seat, as a unit). Then leftover seats, if any, are allocated by rounding up the apportionment for some parties. These rules are typically contrasted
Quota_method
constituencies using the two-round system, and the remaining 70 in a single nationwide constituency using proportional representation. The first round was held on
2020 Lithuanian parliamentary election
2020_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election
House of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland
their councillors) elect councillors through an up to two-round system of voting. In the first round of voting, candidates must obtain an absolute majority
Council of States (Switzerland)
Council_of_States_(Switzerland)
Head of state and government of Cyprus
officeholder must be over the age of thirty-five and elected directly in a two-round system. The president's term lasts for five years, and in accordance with
President_of_Cyprus
political system as "hybrid," and according to V-Dem Institute, it is "in the process of becoming autocratic". The president is elected using the two-round system
2026 Peruvian general election
2026_Peruvian_general_election
An open-source voting system (OSVS), also known as open-source voting (or OSV), is a voting system that uses open-source software (and/or hardware) that
Open-source_voting_system
first-past-the-post system, with the winning candidate in each municipality elected by a plurality. Presidential elections: A two-round system, with the top two candidates
Electoral_system_of_Turkey
Electoral or law making voting system
of weighted voting called cross-voting. Essentially, voters were rounded up in two voters' rolls, with the A roll bearing requirements generally reached
Weighted_voting
Topics referred to by the same term
votes tallies: Two-round system, a voting system where only the top two candidates from the first round continue to the second round. Instant-runoff
Runoff_voting
Vote share required for representation
Ranking only the top two options with a spare vote reduces the complexity of vote counting while reducing wasted votes. A two-round system reduces wasted votes
Electoral_threshold
Change in an electoral system
voting, a two-round system (runoff voting), instant-runoff voting (alternative voting, ranked-choice voting, or preferential voting), instant round robin
Electoral_reform
Former parliamentary body in France
was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles
Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)
Voting systems using paired comparisons
Round-robin, paired comparison, or tournament voting methods, are a set of ranked voting systems that choose winners by comparing every pair of candidates
Round-robin_voting
Partially compensatory electoral system
supermixed systems was developed as a compromise between a winner-take-all and a purely proportional system. This system used a modified two-round system in single-member
Vote_linkage
Head of state who exercises authority over the governance of that state
elected directly, most commonly via a two-round system. In full presidential systems and semi-presidential systems, the president is elected independently
Executive_president
metropolitan France by 79% of voters. The Fifth Republic was born. The two-round system was re-established for the legislative elections. The Gaullists created
1958 French legislative election
1958_French_legislative_election
the people through a two-round system (i.e. if no candidate secures a majority of the votes, there is a runoff between the top two vote-getters). The National
Elections_in_Guinea
electoral law provides for a two-round system in which a candidate must receive more than 50% of the vote to win in the first round; if no candidate passes
Presidential elections in Brazil
Presidential_elections_in_Brazil
Voting system
voter verifiable (E2E) systems are voting systems with stringent integrity properties and strong tamper resistance. E2E systems use cryptographic techniques
End-to-end_auditable_voting
the first to be held using a two-round system and the first to take place under the 1988 constitution, which followed two decades of authoritarian rule
1989 Brazilian presidential election
1989_Brazilian_presidential_election
Single-winner electoral system
also win because of the significant boost from Memphis residents. A two-round system would have a runoff between Memphis and Nashville, where Nashville
STAR_voting
Mixed electoral system
refers to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if
Parallel_voting
place under the two-round system to ensure that the president is supported by a majority of the voters. Under this system, a first round of voting is held
Elections_in_Austria
Method of holding two elections with one vote
election also using the two-round system; if no party/presidential candidate receives a majority of the vote, a second round is held for the presidential
Double_simultaneous_vote
elected for a four-year term in a mixed system: 176 members in single-seat constituencies by a modified two-round system, 152 in multi-seat constituencies by
2002 Hungarian parliamentary election
2002_Hungarian_parliamentary_election
Presidential elections were held in Colombia in 2010. They took place under a two-round system, with an initial vote held on 30 May and a second poll held three weeks
2010 Colombian presidential election
2010_Colombian_presidential_election
Electoral pathology or paradox
instant-runoff voting (IRV), the single transferable vote, and the two-round system. Some quota-based apportionment methods also violate the rule, as can
Non-negative_responsiveness
where needed. Louisiana uses a two round system, where all candidates from all parties share the same ballot in the first round, and if no candidate wins an
2023_Louisiana_elections
election since adopting nonpartisan two-round system elections in which the candidate who won the most votes in the first round did not win the runoff. Frederick
2023_Chicago_mayoral_election
Personalized list proportional voting system
S2CID 73642272. Elgie, Robert (2016). "Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round". Insight Turkey. 18 (4): 79–92. ISSN 1302-177X
Open_list
Proportional-representation electoral system
are instead given to a larger party. Norway further amends this system by utilizing a two-tier proportionality. The number of members to be returned from
Sainte-Laguë_method
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
German, Polish
Yew Tree
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bond
Male
Polish
Polish form of Latin Ivo, IWO means "yew tree."
Girl/Female
African, Australian
Awesome
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Compare Grounds.Perhaps an Americanized form of German Grund.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps, as Reaney proposes, a variant of Tough.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Round
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese
Peach
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English p(o)und ‘enclosure (especially for confining animals)’; a topographic name for someone who lived near an enclosure in which animals were kept, or a metonymic occupational name for an official responsible for rounding up stray animals and placing them in a pound.Probably a translation of German Pfund or the North German cognate Pund.
Boy/Male
Spanish
God. Abbreviation of names like Mateo and Teodor.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : presumably a variant of Mount.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Gundapa | கà¯à®¨à¯à®¤à®¾à®ªà®¾Â
Round
Gundapa | கà¯à®¨à¯à®¤à®¾à®ªà®¾Â
Girl/Female
Arabic
Tree of Good Scent
Male
Chinese
the way.
Surname or Lastname
English (found mainly in Wales)
English (found mainly in Wales) : variant of Glasscock 2.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Midlands)
English (chiefly West Midlands) : nickname for a plump person, from Middle English, Old French rond, rund ‘fat’, ‘round’ (Latin rotundus).
Boy/Male
Welsh
gift from God'.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Round
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Round.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of English Tom, TWM means "twin."
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Consciousness; Understanding; Intelligence
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kalind | காலிநà¯à®¤
Mountain
Boy/Male
Bengali, Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
King of Snakes; King of Cobras
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps an altered form of Hayter (see Hight).
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Sun Lord
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Krishna
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Jody, JODIE means "Jewess" or "praised."
Boy/Male
Tamil
The sacred syllable Om, Originator of the syllable of Om, The mystic syllable Om
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Counting
Boy/Male
Arabic, German, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Ease; Wealth
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
TWO ROUND-SYSTEM
a.
Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note.
n.
Same as Round of beef, below.
prep.
On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass.
v. i.
To go round, as a guard.
a.
Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills.
v. i.
To go or turn round; to wheel about.
n.
That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause.
adv.
Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or reversing one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns round.
a.
Round.
v. i.
To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, completeness, or perfection.
a.
Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price.
v. t.
To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in writing.
a.
Round; circular; spherical.
adv.
In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round.
v. t.
To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, to round a corner; to round Cape Horn.
a.
Having a round back or shoulders; round-shouldered.
n.
Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown].
a.
Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath.
adv.
On all sides; around.
v. t.
To make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of anything.