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Search references for JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION. Phrases containing JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
See searches and references containing JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION!JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
Criterion for evaluating fairness of electoral systems
Justified representation (JR) is a criterion of fairness in multiwinner voting. It requires that each group of voters should be represented in proportion
Justified_representation
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
many countries. Condorcet paradox Direct representation Interactive representation Justified representation, a generalization of the principle of proportionality
Proportional_representation
Problem in social choice
notion of fairness to groups is formally captured by extending the justified representation criteria from multiwinner voting. The idea of these criteria is
Combinatorial participatory budgeting
Combinatorial_participatory_budgeting
approved by all agents in N. The most common justified representation axioms are: Proportional Justified Representation (PJR): for every real L>0, in every L-cohesive
Cake_sharing
Method of counting ballots following elections
specifically designed to guarantee extended justified representation (a form of proportional representation). It was originally developed for committee
Method_of_equal_shares
Process of electing more than one winner in the same election / district
to approval voting or produced by the STV election system; see justified representation and proportionality for solid coalitions. Proportionality may be
Multiwinner_voting
Family of proportional election methods
the general case, proportional representation is replaced by a more general requirement called justified representation. In these methods, the voters fill
Multiwinner_approval_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
in the first round. SPAV satisfies the fairness property called justified representation whenever the committee size is at most 5, but might violate it
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential_proportional_approval_voting
Social choice problem
generalizations of the justified representation property: The weaker generalization is Global proportional justified representation (G-PJR): for every group
Multi-issue_voting
Method of counting votes and determining results
Sequential Phragmen rule satisfies an axiom known as Proportional Justified Representation (PJR). This makes it one of the only methods satisfying both PJR
Phragmen's_voting_rules
Cryptocurrency
Lackner, Martin (January 2024). "Phragmén's voting methods and justified representation". Mathematical Programming. 203 (1–2): 47–76. doi:10.1007/s10107-023-01926-8
Polkadot (blockchain platform)
Polkadot_(blockchain_platform)
1824 novel by James Hogg
The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner: Written by Himself: With a detail of curious traditionary facts and other evidence by the editor
The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner
The_Private_Memoirs_and_Confessions_of_a_Justified_Sinner
Multiple-winner electoral system
fairness property called extended justified representation, as well as the related property proportional justified representation. It also has optimal proportionality
Proportional_approval_voting
The price of justified representation is the loss in the average satisfaction due to the requirement to have a justified representation in an approval
Price_of_fairness
Topics referred to by the same term
Media Freedom and Responsibility Proportional Justified Representation, a variant of justified representation in voting theory Perry Johnson Registrars,
PJR
more complex procedures, in order to guarantee such properties as justified representation. Approval ballots let the voters express dichotomous preferences
Approval_ballot
Subjective attitude that something is true
the "justified true belief" definition. Justified true belief is a definition of knowledge that gained approval during the Enlightenment, "justified" standing
Belief
for solid coalitions (for strict preferences) and proportional justified representation (for dichotomous preferences). Further, EAR can be computed in
Expanding_approvals_rule
belief-merging operators that satisfy fairness properties, similar to justified representation. To illustrate, suppose three experts support propositions x1,x2
Belief_merging
Topics referred to by the same term
wing of the Revolutionary Communist Party in Brazil Unanimous justified representation, a criterion for evaluating the fairness of electoral systems Unsecured
UJR
Multiwinner voting rules
Forest Simmons in 2001. It is the only choice of f that guarantees justified representation. In general, solving the global optimization problem is an NP-hard
Thiele's_voting_rules
2026 U.S. Supreme Court case
accurately, was— 'one of the most consequential, efficacious, and amply justified exercises of federal legislative power in our Nation's history.' It was
Louisiana_v._Callais
7th episode of the 3rd season of Justified
revealing quite a bit about Justified's representation of violence." Ben Lee of Digital Spy wrote, "The third season of Justified has been undoubtedly strong
The Man Behind the Curtain (Justified)
The_Man_Behind_the_Curtain_(Justified)
Compiler backend for multiple programming languages
architecture. LLVM is designed around a language-independent intermediate representation (IR) that serves as a portable, high-level assembly language that can
LLVM
variant of the property; 2 corresponds to a stronger variant; etc. Justified representation - a property similar to fair-share, but for discrete outcomes.
Fractional_approval_voting
Criterion for proportional representation
given committee satisfies Rank-PJR+. Justified representation – properties analogous to proportional representation for electoral systems using approval
Proportionality for solid coalitions
Proportionality_for_solid_coalitions
Swedish mathematician (1863–1937)
proportional justified representation (a strong form of proportionality), while the optimization variants satisfy perfect representation. Their desirable
Lars_Edvard_Phragmén
American singer, songwriter, and actor (born 1981)
over 70 million units worldwide. Timberlake's first two solo albums, Justified (2002) and FutureSex/LoveSounds (2006), both sold over 10 million copies
Justin_Timberlake
Decision rules for participatory budgeting
group member is at least k/n (this is analogous to requirements of justified representation). UFS implies IFS (take k=1), unanimity (take k=n) and proportionality
Budget-proposal_aggregation
ISO standard for country codes
ISO 3166-1 (Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country code) is a standard defining codes for the names
ISO_3166-1
Execution, murder, or suicide method
scholars, for their reliability (in particular, objections to that) and representation, see For detailed official statistical information 1815–1829,Yang, Sarkar
Death_by_burning
bail on the grounds that he might be a flight risk, his lawyer might be justified in arguing that judicial bias is the cause for his bail to be denied.
List_of_Traders_episodes
aggregation rule, the method of equal shares, which aims to guarantee justified representation to all groups in the population. The program was called the Zielony
Participatory budgeting by country
Participatory_budgeting_by_country
Combinatorial object in representation theory
(/tæˈbloʊ, ˈtæbloʊ/; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe
Young_tableau
King of Dahomey from c. 1890 to c. 1894
complaints by the French, who proceeded to declare war. The French further justified the annexation of Dahomey by characterizing the Dahomeans as savages in
Béhanzin
Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
experience. Roughly speaking, a proposition is known or justified a priori if it is known or justified independently of any experience (beyond the experience
A_priori_and_a_posteriori
1999 short story by Ted Kaczynski
from the issue of climate apocalypse and that revolutionary violence is justified. "Ship of Fools" was written for Off!, a student magazine at State University
Ship_of_Fools_(short_story)
Decision rule of maximizing utility
in society. It is a formal mathematical representation of the utilitarian philosophy, and is often justified by reference to Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
Utilitarian_rule
2003 single by Justin Timberlake
song by American singer Justin Timberlake from his debut studio album, Justified (2002). The Neptunes (consisting of Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams) wrote
Rock_Your_Body
Symbol representing the heart
point at one end and a cusp at the other," not an anatomically correct representation of a heart. Often colored red, the heart symbol denotes the center of
Heart_symbol
American animated sitcom
Netflix movie, and countless merchandise. These efforts may have been justified had The Loud House not been written with one-note stock characters making
The_Loud_House
general. In the Middle Ages, its representation was limited to religious themes, always based on biblical passages that justified it. In the Renaissance, the
History_of_the_nude_in_art
simultaneously optimal for all t. The FVR guarantee is not compatible with justified representation guarantees: for every k>1, there exists some s such that no rule
Veto_voting
German philosopher (1788–1860)
philosopher and writer. He is known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the
Arthur_Schopenhauer
understands words and sentences, and thus to provide an explanatory semantic representation (title of a Jackendoff 1976 paper). Explanatory in this sense refers
Conceptual_semantics
Special character in text processing
visible space between words, such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, and Japanese. In justified text, the rendering engine may add inter-character spacing, also known
Zero-width_space
Representation of a massacre of the Jews in the 1349 Anti-Jew riots, that was justified by allegations that Jews were behind the Black Death Epidemic
List_of_riots
Pakistan nonprofit organization
"Pakistani-American doctors tell PM high prices set for COVID-19 vaccines 'cannot be justified'". The News International. 28 March 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022. United
Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America
Association_of_Physicians_of_Pakistani_Descent_of_North_America
Formal logical system
Logic: Classical and Advanced Systems, but was more fully developed and justified in his 1996 book Formal Ethics. Formal ethics is related to ethical formalism
Formal_ethics
Abuse of members of the same household
point in their life. In some countries, domestic violence may be seen as justified or legally permitted, particularly in cases of actual or suspected infidelity
Domestic_violence
Two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1
elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified
ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
Collection of character sketches
fresh project." If he is an egotist, his focusing on his own life is justified because he finds well-observed details in that life's events to provide
The_Spirit_of_the_Age
Machine learning technique
theoretically justified as reducing covariance shift, smoothing optimization landscapes, and increasing regularization, though they are mainly justified by empirical
Normalization (machine learning)
Normalization_(machine_learning)
Australian singer and actress (born 1968)
and produced a new version of "The Loco-Motion". Producer Pete Waterman justified the highly controversial decision to re-record the latter track by claiming
Kylie_Minogue
the hands of the federal government. Ideologies like Manifest destiny justified the violent expansion westward, leading to the passage of the Indian Removal
Racism against Native Americans in the United States
Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States
1970s. Wages and prices were frozen. This change of economic policy was justified by the will to stay in the European Monetary System. A year later, the
1986 French legislative election
1986_French_legislative_election
Chiefdom in Masisi Territory, North Kivu
offensive in Goma, plunging the North Kivu communities into turmoil. Nkunda justified the insurrection as a protective measure for the Congolese Tutsi, thus
Bashali_Chiefdom
Votes that do not impact an election
that this same threshold could violate the Convention if not justified. It was justified in the case of Turkey in order to stabilize the volatile political
Wasted_vote
Attempts to claim genocide is a moral action
Haitian Revolution was justified by its perpetrators based on the following rationales: The ideals of the French Revolution justified the massacre. Atrocities
Genocide_justification
Vote share required for representation
candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This threshold is set in different
Electoral_threshold
Latter period of the Crusades
the Byzantine island of Chios and established the Lordship of Chios. He justified this to the Byzantine court as necessary to prevent the island's capture
Crusades after the fall of Acre, 1291–1399
Crusades_after_the_fall_of_Acre,_1291–1399
2002 single by Justin Timberlake
a song by American singer Justin Timberlake for his debut solo album, Justified (2002). It was thought to be inspired by Timberlake's former relationship
Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)
Cry_Me_a_River_(Justin_Timberlake_song)
Awareness of facts, or competency
knowledge as justified true belief. This definition identifies three essential features: it is (1) a belief that is (2) true and (3) justified. Truth is
Knowledge
Traits which permit participation in a clinical trial
Exclusion criteria may lead to biases in the study's results. Poorly Justified Reasons for Exclusion: Any criteria unless the condition or intervention
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion_and_exclusion_criteria
Russian trial
President Putin, in an interview about whether the prison sentence was justified, also invoked the defendants' prior actions in Voina stunts: "They had
Pussy_Riot_2012_trial
Overview of genocides from 1945
laws of Spain (the former colonial government) or whether the trial was justified on the claim that the Genocide Convention was part of customary international
Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)
Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)
Triangular array of the binomial coefficients
winning the various prizes. If the rows of Pascal's triangle are left-justified, the diagonal bands (colour-coded below) sum to the Fibonacci numbers
Pascal's_triangle
Brazilian presidential administration since 2023
Air Force to depart from Brasília bound for São Paulo on a trip that he justified as urgent. His official commitments lasted 2 hours and 30 minutes, but
Second presidency of Lula da Silva
Second_presidency_of_Lula_da_Silva
Analytic function in mathematics
Bernoulli numbers and (x)k denotes the Pochhammer symbol. Note that this representation of the zeta function is essentially an interpolation with nodes, where
Riemann_zeta_function
Fictional character in the 2016 video game Overwatch
high standards, she countered that their stated commitment to diversity justified them, and felt Blizzard should re-examine its character development process
Sojourn_(Overwatch)
Jewish nationalist movement
seen as marking the start of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Zionists justified their claim to Palestine by emphasizing historical ties to it, arguing
Zionism
Symbol of Christianity
Christianity. It is related to the crucifix, a cross that includes a corpus (a representation of Jesus's body, usually three-dimensional) and to the more general
Christian_cross
tolerate "modest illegal operations to obtain necessary food supplements, justified both by their small size and by the necessities of life." Still, not all
Black market in wartime France
Black_market_in_wartime_France
Institution in communist states
example, the 1977 Soviet constitution states, "Deputies who have not justified the confidence of their constituents may be recalled at any time by decision
Supreme_state_organ_of_power
Political party in Australia
effectively aims to "game" the electoral system, an act it believes to be justified, based upon their perception that the Australian electoral system is unfair
Minor_Party_Alliance
medicines, and that further clinical trials of homeopathy could not be justified. They recommended that funding of homeopathic hospitals should not continue
Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy
Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy
trouble or even ridicule as happened in 1524. The conclusion appears justified, that Lutheran ideas fell on fertile soil in most imperial cities such
History_of_Speyer
Representation of a quantum mechanical system
quantum mechanics and computing, the Bloch sphere is a geometrical representation of the pure state space of a two-level quantum mechanical system (qubit)
Bloch_sphere
German-Jewish concert promoter (born 1946)
curtailed by evil do-gooders". Lieberberg stated that German Jews were justified in their concerns about "clearly visible and growing antisemitism" in
Marek_Lieberberg
Type of representation of molecular wave functions
nuclei in a molecule is slow compared to that of its electrons. This is justified by the large disparity between the mass of an electron, and the typical
Diabatic_representation
Function of the German electoral system
Germany. Similar regulations exist in other countries with proportional representation. For the first Bundestag in 1949, the five percent hurdle applied separately
Five_percent_hurdle
Mathematical models for calculating viscosity
activation for viscous flow. This mixing rule is theoretically justified by Eyring's representation of the viscosity of a pure fluid according to Glasstone et
Viscosity_models_for_mixtures
Political alignment in the left-wing spectrum
democrats. Some parts of the anti-authoritarian far left consider violence justified against what it sees as repression, while the revolutionary far-left in
Far-left_politics
Political party in France
Marie Guévenoux, co-president of LREM's national investiture commission, justified the imbalance by saying that the party would have "preferred to forge
Renaissance (French political party)
Renaissance_(French_political_party)
The representation of gender in horror films, particularly depictions of women, has been the subject of critical commentary. Critics and researchers have
Gender_in_horror_films
discriminate against imports (or exports under TFEU article 35) then it must be justified under article 36. The justifications include public morality, policy or
Law_of_the_European_Union
Philosophical way of understanding reality
knowledge against the rising notion that knowledge is a belief that must be justified and true. This theory supported his old view that theories need not be
Popper's_three_worlds
American political party
severe harm done by the tariff to South Carolina's plantation economy justified the step of nullification. Calhoun's ideas were notable for their proslavery
Nullifier_Party
traditions and men impose upon them. The colonial enterprise is thus abusively justified through exploiting the noble idea of feminism to serve France's colonial
Women_in_the_Algerian_War
2024 single by Tommy Cash
[Eurovision: is the controversy over Tommy Cash's song 'Espresso Macchiato' justified?]. Oggi (in Italian). Retrieved 7 June 2025. Stefanini, Maurizio (21 February
Espresso_Macchiato_(song)
Theorem in quantum mechanics
physical truth. The practical calculations and tools are motivated and justified by an appeal to a grand mathematical formalism called QFT. Haag's theorem
Haag's_theorem
Fundamental unit of cognition
memories of concrete instances rather than a single prototypical summary representation. Theory theory maintains that concepts are embedded in domain-specific
Concept
U.S. vice presidential tenure from 1801 to 1805
rear. According to the principles of the code duello, Burr was perfectly justified in taking deadly aim at Hamilton and firing to kill. Hosack wrote his
Vice_presidency_of_Aaron_Burr
2025 attempt to break Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip
University of Jerusalem, are of the opinion that the blockade is "militarily justified" due to the armed conflict between Israel and Hamas. However, other groups
2025_Global_Sumud_Flotilla
Yazidi principality
being under the authority of the emir of Bahdinan. The Bahdinan rulers justified this claim by stating that Sheikhan belonged to the district of Deir Maqlub
Sheikhan_principality
Attitudes and behaviors towards sex in ancient Rome
offense requiring the attention of the courts. No source records the justified killing of a woman for adultery by either a father or husband during the
Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome
1975–2014 period in Spanish history
decision to resign from the presidency of the government and the party. He justified it with the enigmatic phrase: "I do not want the democratic system of
Reign_of_Juan_Carlos_I
Characterization of Hamas atrocities
been "complications on the ground," and described Hamas's actions as justified resistance, stating that "we are the victims of the occupation." On 16
Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks
Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_attacks
Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist (1711–1776)
Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified empirically; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. People
David_Hume
Moldovan resistance during WWII
assimilated, and as such generally spared. In October 1941, Antonescu publicly justified his mass deportation and selective extermination of Jews as an anti-partisan
Moldovan resistance during World War II
Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
Biblical
justice of Jehovah,Jehovah-justified,Jehovah justifies
Girl/Female
American, Christian, Hebrew, Indian, Swedish, Telugu
Avenged or Judged and Vindicated; Justified; Decoration; Valley; Spear Ruler
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Christian, French, German, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Lebanese, Muslim, Parsi, Sanskrit, Spanish, Swedish
Love; God has Judged; Dinah; Spear Ruler; Decoration; Justified; Valley; Judge; Form of Hebrew Dinah; Judged and Vindicated; In the Bible Dinah was Jacob's Only Daughter
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Justified
Biblical
just; justified,justrighteous
Girl/Female
French, German, Hebrew, Latin
Spear Ruler; Justified
Girl/Female
Arabic, Farsi, Indian
Highly Illuminated; Highly Enlightened Justified
Boy/Male
Biblical, British, English
Just; Justified; Righteous
Girl/Female
Muslim
Justified
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Representation of Love
Girl/Female
Arabic, Farsi, Indian
Justified Love; Love; Decorated; Justified
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
Boy/Male
Indian
Pungent, Acrid
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ikshitha | இகà¯à®·à®¿à®¤à®¾
Visible
Boy/Male
Arabic, Christian, Gujarati, Hebrew, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
God will Increase Your Boundary; Pain; Sorrow
Girl/Female
Norse
Armored fighting woman.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Diffuser; Spreader; Publisher
Boy/Male
Muslim
Storm
Boy/Male
Tamil
Second name of four vedas. means holistic in speech and deed
Boy/Male
Muslim
The truth
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Latin
Of the Sea
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Bright and Luminous
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
JUSTIFIED REPRESENTATION
imp. & p. p.
of Testify
n.
One who excuses or justifies himself.
n.
The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements.
a.
Capable of being justified, or shown to be just.
n.
The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification.
n.
One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains.
n.
That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer; in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. In chancery practice, a plea is a special answer showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.
imp. & p. p.
of Justify
imp. & p. p.
of Mystify
n.
The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking.
a.
That may be excused, forgiven, justified, or acquitted of blame; pardonable; as, the man is excusable; an excusable action.
n.
One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or absolves.
n.
The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being Russified.
a.
Implying representation; representative.
a.
Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective; sound; good; efficacious; as, a valid argument; a valid objection.
n.
Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.
n.
The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right.
n.
One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier.
v. t.
That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault.