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Number of votes a candidate needs to win
An electoral quota is the number of votes a candidate needs to be guaranteed election in some proportional representation systems where a formula other
Electoral_quota
Electoral system quota formula
this purpose, though the Droop quota is used for most STV elections today. The Hare quota is often used to set electoral thresholds and to calculate apportionments
Hare_quota
Votes required to win a seat in proportional systems
In the study of electoral systems, the Droop quota (sometimes called the Hagenbach-Bischoff, Britton, or Newland-Britton quota) is the minimum number of
Droop_quota
Index of articles associated with the same name
clausus Market Sharing Quota, an economic system used in Canadian agriculture Quota 90 Electoral quota Quotas in electoral systems Quota rule, a requirement
Quota
Proportional-representation voting system
The quota methods begin by calculating an entitlement (basic number of seats) for each party, by dividing their vote totals by an electoral quota (a fixed
Largest_remainder_method
Formula in proportional-representation voting
The Imperiali quota or pseudoquota is an unusually-low electoral quota named after Belgian senator Pierre Imperiali. Some election laws used in largest
Imperiali_quota
Method by which voters make a choice between options
the largest remainder system, parties' vote shares are divided by an electoral quota. This usually leaves some seats unallocated, which are awarded to parties
Electoral_system
guaranteed to receive a seat. Candidates who receive 25% or more of the electoral quota of their district get to the top of the list in descending order of
2020 Cherkasy regional election
2020_Cherkasy_regional_election
Tool to increase women's legislative representation
2021, gender quotas have been adopted in 132 countries. Around the world, quotas vary greatly in their enforcement and the stage of electoral process targeted
Gender_quota
How choices are tallied under multi-winner ranked-choice voting
elected (winners) if their vote tally exceeds the electoral quota. Surplus votes (those exceeding quota) may be transferred from winners to the remaining
Counting single transferable votes
Counting_single_transferable_votes
that state constituency. The result of this division is called the electoral quota for the respective state constituency and represents the number of
Four_percent_threshold
Family of voting systems
2, C = 1 The Hare quota uses a quota to allocate seats, then gives remaining seats to the parties with the largest remainders. Quota = Total votes / Seats
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Multi-winner electoral system
Surplus votes belonging to winning candidates (those in excess of an electoral quota) may be thought of as remainder votes. Surplus votes may be transferred
Single_transferable_vote
Proportional-representation voting system
declared elected. Politics portal Australia portal Hare quota Farrell and McAllister. Australian Electoral System. pp. 60–61. Johnston, R. M. (1897). Observations
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
guaranteed to receive a seat. Candidates who receive 25% or more of the electoral quota of their district get to the top of the list in descending order of
2020_Kyiv_local_elections
Vote share required for representation
in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In single transferable voting, the quota acts as an electoral threshold to some
Electoral_threshold
Rule in math and political science
to the term "quota rule"; such seat quotas should not be confused with the unrelated concept of an electoral quota. Michael J. Caulfield. "Apportioning
Quota_rule
Upper house of the Colombian Congress
the electoral quota system is used (total votes divided by the total seats), with the threshold in this case being 30% of the electoral quota. To be
Senate_of_Colombia
Various types of electoral area in the UK
the previous common electoral quota for the whole United Kingdom and replaced it with four separate national minimal seat quotas for the respective Boundaries
United_Kingdom_constituencies
Personalized list proportional voting system
electoral competition, as well as identity politics. A relatively closed open list system is one where a candidate must reach a full electoral quota of
Open_list
guaranteed to receive a seat. Candidates who receive 25% or more of the electoral quota of their district get to the top of the list in descending order of
2020_Kharkiv_local_elections
Representative subdivisions
(8 March 2024). Pursuing Parity: Examining Gender Quotas Across Electoral Systems (Report). Electoral Reform Society. Retrieved 19 October 2025. "Group
Electoral_district
South African legislation
The delimitation of electoral divisions was still based on the white male population until April 1937, when the Electoral Quota Act, 1937 altered it
Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930
Women's_Enfranchisement_Act,_1930
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
1979 European Parliament election in Italy
1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
1984 European Parliament election in Italy
1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
Swiss physicist (1833–1910)
December 1910 was a Swiss physicist. He invented an electoral quota very similar to the Droop quota. The son of the theologian Karl Rudolf Hagenbach, he
Eduard_Hagenbach-Bischoff
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined
List_of_electoral_systems
subtracting the list's seats multiplied by the electoral quota from the list's votes. The electoral quota for the second distribution is the total of each
Elections_in_Cyprus
Voting system
and again in his Principles of Electoral Reform. If proportionality is required in a Borda count election, a quota element should be included into the
Quota_Borda_system
Electoral lists used for gender parity
Retrieved 2021-12-13. Dahlerup, Drude, ed. (2005), "Electoral quotas: frequency and effectiveness", Women, Quotas and Politics, Routledge, pp. 283–300, doi:10
Zipper_system
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
2009 European Parliament election in Italy
2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
electors in each electoral district does not vary from the electoral quota by more than a permissible tolerance of 10 per cent. The electoral quota is determined
South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission
South_Australian_Electoral_Districts_Boundaries_Commission
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
1989 European Parliament election in Italy
1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
How politicians represent citizens
instituted through national electoral quotas that reserve seats for elected members of particular types or candidate quotas that demand political parties
Political_representation
Election to the 35th Dáil
later than January 2030. The 34th Dáil first met on 18 December 2024. Electoral law provides that the "same Dáil shall not continue for a longer period
Next_Irish_general_election
Election of South Australia's 56th parliament
disturbance in the redistribution. The only electoral district outside of the allowable electoral quota was Taylor, which was 12.6% over and projected
2026 South Australian state election
2026_South_Australian_state_election
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. On 24
Scottish Westminster constituencies from 2024
Scottish_Westminster_constituencies_from_2024
Welsh Parliament electoral districts
the electoral quota, so between 90% and 110% of the quota. The electoral register had 2,402,053 people registered, therefore the electoral quota for each
Senedd_constituencies
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
1994 European Parliament election in Italy
1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
1999 European Parliament election in Italy
1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
UK Parliament constituency (since 2024)
Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 2021-01-07. "2023 Review: Electoral Quota and Allocation of Constituencies Announced". Boundary Commission for
Isle_of_Wight_East
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
the electoral threshold. South Africa has no explicit electoral threshold.[citation needed] In STV elections, a candidate winning an electoral quota's worth
Proportional_representation
Rule for proportional allocation
The divisor procedure apportions seats by searching for a divisor or electoral quota. This divisor can be thought of as the number of votes a party needs
Highest_averages_method
Federal Bundestag election regulation
other stipulations for the federal elections are regulated by the Federal Electoral Act. Elections always take place on a Sunday. Mail votes are possible
Electoral_system_of_Germany
Failed review of UK electoral boundaries
commissions were to take into account revised rules for the number and size (electoral quota) of constituencies. The proposed changes included having a total of
2013 periodic review of Westminster constituencies
2013_periodic_review_of_Westminster_constituencies
Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom
Kingdom electoral quota multiplied by the number of seats allocated to Northern Ireland exceeds one third of the United Kingdom electoral quota, then the
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
Parliamentary_Voting_System_and_Constituencies_Act_2011
UK Parliament constituency (since 2024)
Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 2021-01-07. "2023 Review: Electoral Quota and Allocation of Constituencies Announced". Boundary Commission for
Isle_of_Wight_West
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
2004 European Parliament election in Italy
2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
Provisions of the Greek electoral law
determining the result of a Greek legislative election is to find the electoral quota (Greek: εκλογικό μέτρο) of each party on a national level. This is
Apportionment in the Hellenic Parliament
Apportionment_in_the_Hellenic_Parliament
Northern Irish clergyman and politician (1931–2025)
Constitutional Convention for Belfast South, polling more than double the electoral quota. Smyth was selected to fill the vacancy caused by the murder of Robert
Martin_Smyth
Brazilian activist
his party, but failed to be elected since the PTB did not reach the electoral quota. A study by the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of NOVA University
Paulo_Kogos
amendment to the National Electoral Code. Initially, only the women who were not allowed in the party list in the required quota could request in court the
Argentine_quota_law
National Council, making a direct mandate potentially significant. The electoral quota is calculated by dividing the number of valid votes cast in a federal
Basic_mandate
Brazilian politician
the election, Cortez was not elected, as his party did not reach the electoral quota needed to secure a seat on the city council. During the party convention
Guilherme_Cortez
System by which New Zealand parliament is elected
The New Zealand parliamentary electoral system has been based on the principle of mixed-member proportional (MMP) since the 1996 election. MMP was introduced
Electoral system of New Zealand
Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand
Topics referred to by the same term
Imperiali may refer to: Imperiali quota, an unusually-low electoral quota Imperiali family, including a list of people with the surname This disambiguation
Imperiali
Former electorate in Waikato, New Zealand
election and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified
Piako_(electorate)
national basis using an electoral quota, with the residue given to the lists with the largest excess over whole quotas. An electoral quota is then calculated
2014 European Parliament election in Italy
2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. The Boundary
List of UK Parliament constituencies in Wales
List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Wales
electoral quota, the number of votes necessary to win a single seat in the House of Representatives (about 0.7% of the vote), serves as the electoral
Politics_of_the_Netherlands
Review of UK electoral boundaries
Union. Electoral quota tolerance It was proposed to maintain the current tolerance of ±5% from the average size of constituencies (the "electoral quota").
Timeline of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies
Timeline_of_the_2023_review_of_Westminster_constituencies
district, with 12 quotas for the Christian, Circassian, and Chechen minorities, as well as 18 seats for the women's quota. Despite the quotas, these groups
Next Jordanian general election
Next_Jordanian_general_election
Political party in Australia
voting ticket") party preferences to reach an electoral quota. The MPA effectively aims to "game" the electoral system, an act it believes to be justified
Minor_Party_Alliance
Proportional-representation electoral system
apportionment paradoxes compared to largest remainder methods such as the Hare quota and other highest averages methods such as d'Hondt method. After all the
Sainte-Laguë_method
re-elected with well over a quota of votes. Labor Senator Trish Crossin was also re-elected, with just over (1.04x) a quota of votes. Although the Greens
Electoral results for the Australian Senate in the Northern Territory
Electoral_results_for_the_Australian_Senate_in_the_Northern_Territory
The electoral system used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament is governed primarily by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. The system
Electoral_system_of_Australia
first stage, seats were distributed within each constituency using an electoral quota calculated according to the "plus one" rule, whereby the number of
June 1989 Greek parliamentary election
June_1989_Greek_parliamentary_election
further 60 female members, representing a women's quota, as well as a further 10 youth members' quota, made up of 10 candidates aged 21–35, chosen by proportional
10th_Parliament_of_Zimbabwe
Voting system
ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of
Two-round_system
establishing a 30 percent electoral quota to ensure female representation, similar to the quota for Christians, though no quota was put in place. According
1996 Palestinian general election
1996_Palestinian_general_election
Party-list addition system in elections
proportional representation, seats are awarded for each quota of votes obtained. Any votes excess to the quota are lost. Under apparentment, parties combine their
Apparentment
Organization
Quota International, Inc. is an international service organization that, provides basic needs to women, children, the deaf, and hard of hearing in communities
Quota_International
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. On 24
List of UK Parliament constituencies in Gwent
List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Gwent
Boundary Commission for Wales. Retrieved 7 January 2021. "2023 Review: Electoral Quota and Allocation of Constituencies Announced". Boundary Commission for
2024 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
2024_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Scotland
UK Parliament constituency boundary body
each constituency must be within 5% of the United Kingdom electoral quota. The electoral quota is the average number of electors per constituency, defined
Boundary commissions (United Kingdom)
Boundary_commissions_(United_Kingdom)
Libertarian political party in Georgia
was repealing the gender quota legislation which required parties to include women in every fourth position on their electoral lists. In November 2021
Free_People's_Party_(Georgia)
Plurality voting system
in particular was invented in 1819 by Thomas Wright Hill, and a quota-based electoral system was first used in a public election in 1840 by his son Rowland
First-past-the-post_voting
2000s review of UK electoral boundaries
due to changes made by the Scotland Act 1998, applying the English electoral quota to Scotland. This had reduced total seats back down from 659 to 646
Fifth periodic review of Westminster constituencies
Fifth_periodic_review_of_Westminster_constituencies
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. On 24
List of UK Parliament constituencies in Mid Glamorgan
List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Mid_Glamorgan
Georgian economist, professor, and politician
elected from Girchi's electoral list who refused to accept her seat in protest of Georgia's gender-based electoral quota. While electoral legislation would
Alexandre_Rakviashvili
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
Actual Elections" (2012). Gallagher, Michael. "Comparing P.R. Electoral Systems. Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes, Majorities" (PDF). "How Ireland's local
Ranked_voting
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
threshold of 0.67%. In Estonia, candidates receiving the simple quota in their electoral districts are considered elected, but in the second (district level)
D'Hondt_method
Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1918 onwards
electorate in the United Kingdom, just over one quarter of the size of the electoral quota under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies. It has been suggested
Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)
Na_h-Eileanan_an_Iar_(UK_Parliament_constituency)
UK Parliament constituency (since 2010)
Walpole The constituency was created with an electorate close to the electoral quota of 69,703 for 2006. Further to the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies
Ealing_Central_and_Acton
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. On 24
List of UK Parliament constituencies in West Glamorgan
List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_West_Glamorgan
Federal electorates in Australia
(by setting the quota for seat allocation using the harmonic mean for territories, meaning only around 1.3 quotas rather than 1.5 quotas are needed to have
Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives
Electorates_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives
Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885 onwards
begun in 2012 the seat was approximately 1,300 electors below the electoral quota and the highest concentration of elector density nationally. The criteria
Islington_North
Proposed voting system in British Columbia
is the proposed voting system recommended by the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform in October 2004 for use in British Columbia and belongs to the
BC-STV
years. To be elected by preference votes, 10% of the electoral quota is needed. The electoral quota was 211,454. 10% of 211,454 = 21,145 votes. 36 members
2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands
2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands
which candidate received on his or her own more votes than 25% of the electoral quota, by adding up all votes for a particular candidate on the different
Elections_in_the_Netherlands
Centrist political party in Australia
Higgins in Victoria. As the election was a double dissolution the Senate electoral quota of 14.3 percent was reduced to 7.7 percent. During the campaign, Xenophon
Centre_Alliance
Grouping of candidates for election
An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral
Electoral_list
Norwegian political scientist
was completed at the University of California, Berkeley, and studied electoral quotas for scheduled castes in India. She is currently a professor at the
Francesca_R._Jensenius
Type of mixed electoral system
representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral systems which combine local winner-take-all elections with a compensatory
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote. Like first-past-the-post voting, SNTV
Single_non-transferable_vote
Setting of electoral boundaries
Seats Act 1958, which replaced an electoral quota (ideal population) for the whole United Kingdom with four separate quotas: England 69,534; Northern Ireland
Apportionment_by_country
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
deliberate together before voting on a policy. Andranik Tangian critiques electoral politics as over-representing politically active people and groups in
Sortition
Part of the New Zealand electoral system from 1881 until 1945
The country quota was a part of the New Zealand electoral system from 1881 until 1945, when it was abolished by the First Labour Government. Its effect
Country_quota
Phenomenon in electoral systems
with overhang seats from the total number of seats and recalculating the quota (the largest remainder method was also recommended) to proportionally redistribute
Overhang_seat
strict electoral parity requirement that the electorate of all constituencies should be within a range of 5% either side of the electoral quota. On 24
List of UK Parliament constituencies in Gwynedd
List_of_UK_Parliament_constituencies_in_Gwynedd
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