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Selection of decision-makers by random sample
In governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e., by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample. In ancient
Sortition
Practice of throwing a coin in the air to choose between two alternatives
in order to randomly choose between two alternatives. It is a form of sortition which inherently has two possible outcomes. Used in such a fashion, the
Coin_flipping
Randomly selected people to deliberate on public issues
dilemmas. With Athenian democracy as the most famous government to use sortition, theorists and politicians have used citizens' assemblies and other forms
Citizens'_assembly
Blockchain and cryptocurrency
core principle of Algorand consensus is the cryptographic "self" sortition. The sortition procedure runs locally and privately, on each node of the network
Algorand
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
political offices were filled using allotment which is also known as "Sortition", by which office holders were chosen by lot. Electoral reform describes
Election
French political scientist
epistemic and probabilist argument in favour of democratic inclusion and sortition. Hélène Landemore proposes a paradigm of "Open Democracy" which rests
Hélène_Landemore
1908 Brazilian law on military service
The Sortition Law (Portuguese: Lei do Sorteio), officially Law No. 1,860 of 4 January 1908, introduced compulsory military service for the Brazilian Armed
Sortition_Law
Method to determine tied elections
Drawing lots or drawing straws is a selection method, or a form of sortition, that is used by a group to choose one member of the group to perform a task
Drawing lots (decision making)
Drawing_lots_(decision_making)
Divination by casting of lots
Cleromancy is a form of divination, involving sortition (casting of lots), in which an outcome is determined by means that normally would be considered
Cleromancy
The rasga-listas (English: list tearers or list rippers) were resistance movements to the 1874 lottery law for compulsory military service in the Empire
Rasga-listas
Worldwide local elections held in 2026
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2026_local_electoral_calendar
Election to fill a vacant political office
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
By-election
Direct vote on a specific proposal
democracy in USA Related Direct election Citizens' assembly Citizen's jury List of direct democracy parties Ballot title Sortition Politics portal v t e
Referendum
Government combining elements of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy
rather than acquiring their positions by inheritance or sortition (at the Greco-Roman time, sortition was conventionally regarded as the principal characteristic
Mixed_government
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2026 national electoral calendar
2026_national_electoral_calendar
Form of democracy
direct democracy might entail passing executive decisions, the use of sortition, making laws, directly electing or dismissing officials, and conducting
Direct_democracy
Shinto divination ritual
at an answer through some form of sortition. The belief was that the kami would influence the outcome of the sortition in order to communicate their will
Ukehi
Worldwide national elections held in 2027
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2027 national electoral calendar
2027_national_electoral_calendar
Australian philosopher (1927–2023)
(2011) To Reason Why (A memoir) Citizens' assembly Deliberative democracy Sortition "John Bernard Burnheim". The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 November 2023. Retrieved
John_Burnheim
only wealthy males could vote, and the Athenian democracy, which used sortition to elect candidates, almost always male, Greek, educated citizens holding
List_of_forms_of_government
Model of democracy
with social justice in mind. It consisted of 150 citizens selected by sortition and stratified sampling, who were sorted into five sub-groups to discuss
Participatory_democracy
Form of governance in ancient Greek city-states
handled by large juries, drawn from the citizen body in a process known as sortition. By far the most well-documented and studied example is the Athenian democracy
Greek_democracy
Method of sortition voting or selection
draw out of hat (pull out of hat, or pick out of a hat) is a method of sortition which is designed to maintain randomness. A selection of items under consideration
Draw_out_of_a_hat
Government of Medieval and Renaissance Florence
Medieval Italy Italian Renaissance Italian city-states Maritime republics Sortition Signoria on Encyclopædia Britannica "Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance
Signoria_of_Florence
Collective perception of a group of people
bench trial which relies on one or a few experts. In politics, sometimes sortition is held as an example of what wisdom of the crowd would look like. Decision-making
Wisdom_of_the_crowd
Prime Minister of Italy since 2022
Judiciary (CSM) into two distinct bodies, and the selection of members by sortition rather than traditional election, and the establishment of a High Disciplinary
Giorgia_Meloni
Body of representatives convened to draft or adopt a new constitution
Members of a constituent assembly may be elected by popular vote, drawn by sortition, appointed, or some combination of these methods. Assemblies are typically
Constituent_assembly
Roman emperor in 238
some point after he concluded his duties in the German province, the sortition awarded him proconsular governorship of Asia. In 234, during the last
Pupienus
government where people are randomly selected from the citizenry through sortition to either act as general governmental representatives or to make decisions
Types_of_democracy
Proposed reforms to the upper house of the British Parliament
Reform of the House of Lords, the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, has been a topic of discussion in UK politics for more than a century
Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords
Socio-political system with shared executive power
juntas differ from the directorial system by not being elected. Utilizing sortition to select multiple executives can lead to a directorial system. In the
Directorial_system
Election regulatory body of India
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Election_Commission_of_India
Government system where political power lies with the people
established in 1115, was led by the Signoria whose members were chosen by sortition. In the 10th–15th century Frisia, a distinctly non-feudal society, the
Democracy
Italian comedian, actor, blogger, and politician (born 1948)
the members of the Italian Senate through sortition, and possibly eventually replacing elections with sortition altogether. On 7 December 1981, Grillo lost
Beppe_Grillo
Environmental pressure group
Environmental protection Societal transformation to a regenerative culture Sortition Region served International Fields Conservation movement Environmental
Extinction_Rebellion
Set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Electoral_college
Government regime in ancient Athens
the Assembly and in large part chosen by lottery in a process called sortition. The assembly had four main functions: it made executive pronouncements
Athenian_democracy
Process of making something random
There have been various proposals to integrate sortition into government structures. The idea is that sortition could introduce a new dimension of representation
Randomization
Critiques of democratic political systems
for Democracy, David Van Reybrouck argues that allocating power through sortition, such as in citizens' assemblies, can resolve many of the shortcomings
Criticism_of_democracy
French citizens' assembly looking at reducing emissions
bodies chosen from the general public by random selection, also known as sortition. Juries, planning cells, consensus conferences, and deliberative polls
Citizens Convention for Climate
Citizens_Convention_for_Climate
Political party in Iceland
the Congress the party selected four committees among its members by sortition, responsible for healthcare, housing, social welfare, and democratization
Socialist_Party_of_Iceland
Overview of and topical guide to political science
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science: Politics – the exercise of power; process by which
Outline_of_political_science
Topics referred to by the same term
sale together in an auction; or a quantity of a financial instrument Sortition (drawing lots) Cleromancy, divination by casting lots Arabian lots, or
Lot
Voting for candidates by the public
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Direct_election
French writer (1828–1905)
the same year, Verne was required to enlist in the French army, but the sortition process spared him, to his great relief. He wrote to his father: "You
Jules_Verne
System or group governing an organized community
delegates from among themselves, typically by election or, less commonly, by sortition. These select citizens then meet to form a governing body, such as a legislature
Government
Prevention of anti-democratic principles
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Defensive_democracy
Single-winner electoral system
Single mark Maximal lotteries Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Ranking Sortition No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes N/A Yes N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes None
Schulze_method
Measure of the state of democracy according to The Economist
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
The_Economist_Democracy_Index
Apparent lack of pattern or predictability in events
Beyond religion and games of chance, randomness has been attested for sortition since at least ancient Athenian democracy in the form of a kleroterion
Randomness
Topics referred to by the same term
Land by Joshua; see Book of Joshua#Division of the land (chapters 13–22) Sortition or allotment, a method of selection by lottery The Allotment, a 1988 book
Allotment
Type of democracy principled on elected representation
Robert Dahl's institutional prerequisites for democracy. The system of sortition or stochocracy has been proposed as an improved system compared to the
Representative_democracy
Quantitative scientific analysis of elections and balloting (within political science)
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Psephology
Point-based ranked voting system
Single mark Maximal lotteries Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Ranking Sortition No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes N/A Yes N/A N/A Yes Yes Yes None
Borda_count
representation Proportional representation Semi-proportional representation Other: sortition, etc. Mixed system (yes/no): A systems composed of multiple other electoral
List_of_electoral_systems
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2025 national electoral calendar
2025_national_electoral_calendar
Overview of democracy measures
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Democracy_indices
Randomly determined process
frequency modulated) dot pattern creates a sharper image. Jump process Sortition Stochastic process Doob, when citing Khinchin, uses the term 'chance variable'
Stochastic
Proposed Indian electoral scheduling policy
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
One_Nation,_One_Election
Constitutional post to the Government of India
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Chief Election Commissioner of India
Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India
Historical army recruitment method
mandatory military service based on the Sortition Law in 1916. An older law had already established conscription by sortition in 1874, but popular resistance
Blood_tax_(Brazil)
Ancient Greek randomization device
the Athenian agora. He lists eleven physical fragments of kleroteria: Sortition Lottery machine Dibbell, Julian (September 1998). "Info Tech of Ancient
Kleroterion
Election called earlier than scheduled
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Snap_election
City magistrates in ancient Athens
created ten new tribes and made the boule consist of 50 men selected by sortition from each of these tribes. Each of the ten tribe's delegation would be
Prytaneis
National and federal elections held in 2024
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2024 national electoral calendar
2024_national_electoral_calendar
Ancient Roman administrative regions
extraordinarily did the senate assign a command extra sortem (outside of sortition). But in 123 or 122 BC, the tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus passed the
Roman_province
Electoral system with lottery among ballots
the value of the 1,200 ballot-papers transferred equals only 200 votes. Sortition is a voting method which – rather than choosing ballots – chooses candidates
Random_ballot
Democratic governments acting as autocracies
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Guided_democracy
Democratic provision limiting majority rule
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Concurrent_majority
List of international elections held in 2026
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2026 international electoral calendar
2026_international_electoral_calendar
Calendar system used in ancient Assyria
The names of the limmu who became eponyms were originally chosen by lot sortition, until the first millennium it became a fixed rotation of officers headed
Eponym_dating_system
Type of election
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Indirect_election
Judiciary (CSM) into two distinct bodies, and the selection of CSM members by sortition rather than traditional election, as well as the establishment of a High
2026 Italian constitutional referendum
2026_Italian_constitutional_referendum
Canadian philosopher
Scholarship (1994). As a democratic theorist he is known for his advocacy of sortition, and has proposed the adoption of random selection to fill seats in the
Arash_Abizadeh
Voting systems using paired comparisons
First-preference votes Liquid democracy Nomination rules Sham election Spoilt vote Sortition Unseating Wasted vote Comparison Comparison of electoral systems Electoral
Round-robin_voting
Collective action supporting a cause
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Political_demonstration
Form of government
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Anocracy
resign) Jean-François Rewbell 2 November 1795 – 16 May 1799 (Replaced by sortition) Lazare Carnot 2 November 1795 – 4 September 1797 (Proscribed and replaced
List_of_presidents_of_France
Phenomenon in electoral systems
First-preference votes Liquid democracy Nomination rules Sham election Spoilt vote Sortition Unseating Wasted vote Comparison Comparison of electoral systems Electoral
Overhang_seat
Local elections held in 2024
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
2024_local_electoral_calendar
Roman general and statesman (c. 157–86 BC)
chains. Marius was assigned (it is unclear whether by the Assembly or by sortition) the province of Gaul to deal with the Cimbric threat. The Cimbri, after
Gaius_Marius
Holiday observed on February 14
of Lupercalia, there is no ancient evidence for any kind of lottery or sortition scheme pairing couples for sex. The first descriptions of this fictitious
Valentine's_Day
Deliberative global democratic citizens' assembly
assembly consisting of one hundred persons from around the world chosen by sortition to discuss issues facing the world as a whole, starting with climate change
Global_Assembly
Roman consul in 10 AD
the colleague of Publius Cornelius Dolabella. For the term 20/21 the sortition selected him to be proconsul of Asia. However, upon his return to Rome
Gaius_Junius_Silanus
Conditions under which a candidate or political party is entitled to stand for election
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Nomination_rules
Vote to remove an official prematurely
democracy in USA Related Direct election Citizens' assembly Citizen's jury List of direct democracy parties Ballot title Sortition Politics portal v t e
Recall_election
Chinese political scientist
particular research interests include the history of the Cultural Revolution, sortition, the welfare state, and the comparative politics of East Asia. He advocates
Wang_Shaoguang
When everyone has equal political power or influence
oligarchy and autocracy. Alexander Guerrero argues that systems using sortition score better on political equality than electoral representative democracies
Political_egalitarianism
French blogger and political activist
democratic systems and constitutions. He is a supporter of the idea of sortition which could also be applied to constitutional conventions. In 2013, Chouard
Étienne_Chouard
Activities associated with group decisions
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Politics
Form of government
Participatory budgeting Referendum Deliberative Initiative Popular War Sortition Citizens' assembly Jury Voting Region Africa Asia Europe Americas Middle
Consensus_democracy
Roman senator
who married Augustus' great-granddaughter Agrippina the Younger. The sortition awarded Passienus Rufus the proconsular governorship of Africa (circa
Lucius_Passienus_Rufus
Law code in Ancient Greece
served a turn. Election to political positions in Athens was based on sortition except for the Areopagus, which consisted of retired archons. The council
Draconian_constitution
25 November: Deadline for the selection of polling station members by sortition. 3 December: Deadline for the appointment of non-judicial members to provincial
2015_Spanish_general_election
Belgian cultural historian
for Democracy where he advocates for a deliberative democracy based on sortition. In 2020 he published Revolusi which applies to Indonesia the method he
David_Van_Reybrouck
Poll of voters taken after they exit polling stations
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Exit_poll
Axiom of decision theory and social sciences
winning are called spoilers. Methods that unconditionally pass IIA include sortition and random dictatorship. Deterministic voting methods that behave like
Independence of irrelevant alternatives
Independence_of_irrelevant_alternatives
Roman senator active during the reign of Tiberius
forced to retire from Rome. He hoped to recover his wealth through the sortition of 36, which had given him either Africa or Asia to govern as proconsul
Gaius Sulpicius Galba (consul AD 22)
Gaius_Sulpicius_Galba_(consul_AD_22)
Type of election
Primary Partisan Nonpartisan Proportional Recall Retention Sham Snap Sortition Two-round system Unfair Terminology Anonymous elector Apportionment Audits
Midterm_election
Jury that screens potential prosecutions
Blue-ribbon committee Examining magistrate Immunity from prosecution Sortition In Latin, ignoramus literally means "we are ignorant of" or "we do not
Grand_jury
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