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Pairwise-comparison electoral system
The Condorcet or majority-rule methods (English: /kɒndɔːrˈseɪ/; French: [kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]) are a family of voting rules that always elect the majority-preferred
Condorcet_method
Single-winner electoral system
voting rule developed by Markus Schulze. The Schulze method is a Condorcet completion method, which means it will elect a majority-preferred candidate if
Schulze_method
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
systems, the minimax Condorcet method is a single-winner ranked-choice voting method that always elects the majority (Condorcet) winner. Minimax compares
Minimax_Condorcet_method
Property of electoral systems
Voting systems where a Condorcet winner will always win the election are said to satisfy the Condorcet winner criterion. The Condorcet winner criterion extends
Condorcet_winner
Single-winner ranked vote system
the most victories overall. Copeland's method has the advantage of being likely the simplest Condorcet method to explain and of being easy to administer
Copeland's_method
Self-contradiction of majority rule
theory, Condorcet's voting paradox (also called Condorcet's paradox or the Condorcet paradox) is a fundamental discovery by the Marquis de Condorcet that
Condorcet_paradox
Single-winner electoral system
election. It is a Condorcet method because if there is a Condorcet winner, it will always be ranked as the most popular choice. This method assigns a score
Kemeny_method
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
developed what would later be known as Copeland's method, which is similar to Condorcet's method. Copeland's method was devised by Ramon Llull in his 1299 treatise
Ranked_voting
Single-winner electoral system family
selects a single winner using ranked ballots. This method is Smith-efficient, making it a Condorcet method, and uses instant-runoff voting to resolve any
Tideman_alternative_method
French philosopher and mathematician (1743–1794)
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (/kɒndɔːrˈseɪ/; French: [maʁi ʒɑ̃ ɑ̃twan nikɔla də kaʁita maʁki də kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]; 17 September
Marquis_de_Condorcet
Plurality voting system
an election result is an example of center squeeze. By contrast, Condorcet methods would elect Nashville (the actual capital). Perhaps the most striking
First-past-the-post_voting
Election result affecting losing candidate
ranked-choice voting (RCV) and the two-round system (TRS). Majority-rule (or Condorcet) methods are only rarely affected by spoilers, which are limited to rare situations
Spoiler_effect
Method by which voters make a choice between options
runoff systems are not called majority voting, as this term refers to Condorcet-methods.[citation needed] There are two main groups of runoff systems, those
Electoral_system
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
elect a Condorcet winner is positive, as it enables instant-runoff voting to pass later-no-help and later-no-harm, which together render the method immune
Instant-runoff_voting
Single-winner ranked-choice voting system
winner; if no such winner is found, the method proceeds by finding the candidate who could be transformed into a Condorcet winner with the smallest number of
Dodgson's_method
Property of electoral systems
the Condorcet winner criterion. A voting system complying with the Condorcet loser criterion will never allow a Condorcet loser to win. A Condorcet loser
Condorcet_loser_criterion
Single-winner electoral system
Black's method is an election method proposed by Duncan Black in 1958 as a compromise between the Condorcet method and the Borda count. This method selects
Black's_method
Principle that voting for a candidate should help them
are at most 3 major candidates, Minimax Condorcet and its variants (such as ranked pairs and Schulze's method) satisfy the participation criterion. However
Participation_criterion
Single-winner electoral system
create hybrid election methods that are called Nanson's method and Baldwin's method. Both methods are designed to satisfy the Condorcet criterion, and allow
Nanson's_method
Proportional-representation electoral system
The Sainte-Laguë method (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t.la.ɡy]), also called the Webster method or the Schepers method (German pronunciation: [ˈʃeːpɐs]),
Sainte-Laguë_method
Set preferred to any other by a majority
The Smith set, sometimes called the top-cycle generalizes the idea of a Condorcet winner to cases where no such winner exists. It does so by allowing cycles
Smith_set
Comparative politics for electoral systems
Condorcet method will converge on a single Condorcet winner, who will have the highest probability of being the best candidate. However, Condorcet's model
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Point-based ranked voting system
systems such as instant-runoff voting, the single transferable vote or Condorcet methods. The integer-valued ranks for evaluating the candidates were justified
Borda_count
Property of electoral systems
of voters, that candidate must win. Some methods that comply with this criterion include any Condorcet method, instant-runoff voting, Bucklin voting, plurality
Majority_winner_criterion
Multi-winner electoral system
lists of individual candidates in elections using the largest remainders method to elect the winning candidates, rather than list-based proportional systems
Single_transferable_vote
Proportional-representation ranked voting system
invented by Markus Schulze, who developed the Schulze method for resolving ties using a Condorcet method. Schulze STV is similar to CPO-STV in that it compares
Schulze_STV
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among
D'Hondt_method
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
necessary (e.g. in center squeezes). In contrast, majority-rule (Condorcet) methods of ranked voting uniquely minimize the number of spoiled elections
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
Proportional-representation voting system
highest averages methods (also called divisor methods). By far the most common quota method are the largest remainders or quota-shift methods, which assign
Quota_method
Statistical theorem
Condorcet's jury theorem is a statistical theorem about the probability of a given group of individuals arriving at a correct decision. The theorem was
Condorcet's_jury_theorem
Voting systems using paired comparisons
positional methods (like plurality and Borda), and rated methods (like score and STAR voting). Most, but not all, election methods meeting the Condorcet criterion
Round-robin_voting
Single-winner electoral system
pairs method passes the majority criterion, the monotonicity criterion, the Smith criterion (which implies the Condorcet criterion), the Condorcet loser
Ranked_pairs
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
Candidates focused on appealing to a small base of core supporters can squeeze Condorcet winners out of the race, by splitting the first-preference votes needed
Center_squeeze
Electoral pathology or paradox
system. Some quota-based apportionment methods also violate the rule, as can the randomized Condorcet method in cases of cyclic ties. The participation
Non-negative_responsiveness
Index of articles associated with the same name
election of a Condorcet winners (when one exists) include Ranked pairs, Schulze's method, and the Tideman alternative method. Methods that do not guarantee
Voting_criteria
Theorem in political science
distributed along a one-dimensional political spectrum, any Condorcet consistent voting method will elect the candidate preferred by the median voter. The
Median_voter_theorem
Voting system
Advocates of Condorcet methods argue[citation needed] that a candidate can claim to have majority support only if they are the "Condorcet winner" – that
Two-round_system
Type of electoral system
majority-preferred winner, and as a result would be elected by any Condorcet method. Candidates are running in a 3-member district of 10 000 voters. Under
Plurality_voting
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
In ancient Athenian democracy, sortition was the traditional and primary method for appointing political officials, and its use was regarded as a principal
Sortition
Criterion that prevents lesser-evil voting
incentive to rank one's favorite last, and the method otherwise does not care where the favorite is ranked, the method passes. Anti-plurality voting thus shows
Sincere_favorite_criterion
Way to distribute seats in a legislative body
D'Hondt method – higher seats-to-votes ratio for larger parties Droop quota Imperiali quota Huntington–Hill method These apportionment methods can be categorized
Apportionment_(politics)
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
affects: Borda, antiplurality. Also affected: Most Condorcet methods, with the exception of IRV-Condorcet hybrids. Immune: Instant-runoff voting and plurality
Strategic_voting
Decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority
to option B (rank A over B), then A should defeat B unless there is a Condorcet paradox. A common alternative to the majority rule is the plurality-rule
Majority_rule
Proportional-representation ranked voting system
perceived shortcomings. It does this by incorporating features of the Condorcet method, a voting system designed for single-winner elections, into STV. As
CPO-STV
Family of voting systems
categories: The highest averages method (or divisor method), including the D'Hondt method (also known as the Jefferson method) is used in Armenia, Austria
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
Single-winner ranked voting rule
last by the most voters is eliminated. The method fails several voting system criteria, including Condorcet's majority criterion, monotonicity, participation
Coombs'_method
Single-winner electoral system
candidates, including a Condorcet winner and a Condorcet loser, without the voter preferences changing. To the extent that electing a Condorcet winner and not
Approval_voting
Proportional electoral system
The Huntington–Hill method, sometimes called method of equal proportions, is a highest averages method for assigning seats in a legislature to political
Huntington–Hill_method
Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794): French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist who devised the concept of a Condorcet method. Benedetto
List_of_atheist_philosophers
Single-winner rated voting system
tend to exhibit spoiler effects. It does not satisfy the Condorcet criterion, i.e. the method does not always agree with the majority rule. However, when
Score_voting
Scottish economist (1908–1991)
responsible for the Black electoral system, a Condorcet method whereby, in the absence of a Condorcet winner (e.g. due to a cycle), the Borda winner
Duncan_Black
single-member electorates and uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting. The pendulum works by lining up the seats
Post-election pendulum for the 2025 Australian federal election
Post-election_pendulum_for_the_2025_Australian_federal_election
Document used to cast votes in an election
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Ballot
Property of electoral systems
fail the consistency criterion (such as instant-runoff voting or Condorcet methods) are susceptible to the multiple-district paradox, a pathological
Consistency_criterion
Rule for proportional allocation
The highest averages, divisor, or divide-and-round methods are a family of apportionment rules, i.e. algorithms for fair division of seats in a legislature
Highest_averages_method
Topics referred to by the same term
relating to the Condorcet winner Condorcet method, any voting system that satisfies the Condorcet criterion Condorcet loser criterion, a voting system
Condorcet_(disambiguation)
Class of ranked-choice electoral systems
of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Independence of Clones (IoC) Condorcet winner Condorcet loser (except the Borda count) Reversal symmetry (except the Borda
Positional_voting
Political term about incumbents losing elections
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Unseating
Type of mixed electoral system
party-list PR) and nationally-based compensatory top-up seats using the same method as MMP, however because the local MPs are also elected using PR, these systems
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Process of electing more than one winner in the same election / district
voting, a Condorcet winner is a candidate who wins in every head-to-head election against each of the other candidates. A Condorcet method is a method that
Multiwinner_voting
Type of sports tournament
member of one team plays each member of the other Copeland's method Condorcet method Condorcet criterion Three points for a win, for round robin implications
Round-robin_tournament
Single-winner cardinal voting system
theorem. Majority judgment voting fails the Condorcet criterion, later-no-harm,consistency, the Condorcet loser criterion, the participation criterion
Majority_judgment
Federal Bundestag election regulation
Hare-Niemeyer method. Due to a change in the law passed in January 2008, the distribution of seats is now made according to the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method. The
Electoral_system_of_Germany
Votes required to win a seat in proportional systems
Hagenbach-Bischof in the context of STV and not for the largest remainder method. The Droop quota is used in almost all STV elections, including those in
Droop_quota
Libertarian political migration
September 2003, a vote was held, and participants voted using the minimax Condorcet method to choose the state that they were to move to. New Hampshire was the
Free_State_Project
British author and scholar (1832–1898)
of parliamentary representation. He proposed the Dodgson's method, using the Condorcet method. In 1884, he proposed a proportional representation system
Lewis_Carroll
Class of electoral systems
seats in the first round, so this method does not give proportional representation. The method was proposed by Condorcet in 1793, and was reported as having
Bucklin_voting
Process to choose a course of action
group. Thus, the bar for action is lower than with consensus. See also Condorcet method. Plurality, where the largest faction in a group decides, even if it
Decision-making
Individual voter's first choice
Methods like Condorcet voting, rated voting, and the Borda count do not exhibit such effects. Methods like anti-plurality voting and Coombs' method have
First-preference_vote
Non-proportional electoral system
non-transferable vote, and block plurality voting, is a type of block voting method for multi-winner elections. Each voter may cast as many votes as the number
Plurality_block_voting
Multi-winner, semi-proportional electoral system
more-intricate single transferable vote (STV) system, and has resulted in the method becoming commonly used for ordering open party lists. In any election, each
Single_non-transferable_vote
Direct vote on a specific proposal
voting systems that could be used in multiple-choice referendum are Condorcet method and quadratic voting (including quadratic funding). An electronic referendum
Referendum
Property of electoral systems
All Smith-efficient Condorcet methods pass the mutual majority criterion. Methods which pass mutual majority but fail the Condorcet criterion may nullify
Mutual_majority_criterion
Mixed electoral system
from the ACE Project Accurate Democracy suggests Parallel Voting by PR and Condorcet rules to make a balanced council with a few central swing voters.
Parallel_voting
Phenomenon in electoral systems
total number of seats and recalculating the quota (the largest remainder method was also recommended) to proportionally redistribute the list seats to the
Overhang_seat
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
transferable voting (STV), instant-runoff voting (IRV), Coombs' method, and Baldwin's method – allow for many rounds of counting, often eliminating only one
Contingent_vote
Class of voting systems
single candidate (e.g. the majority criterion or the Condorcet criterion), then a sequential loser method satisfies the corresponding set criterion (e.g. the
Sequential_elimination_method
Measure of equal representation
apportionment methods such as Sainte-Laguë method and D'Hondt method differ in the seats-to-votes ratio for individual parties. The Sainte-Laguë method optimizes
Seats-to-votes_ratio
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods". Natural Computing. 17: 585–609. doi:10.1007/s11047-018-9685-y. PMC 6105305
Pareto_efficiency
Invalid ballot that is not counted
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Spoilt_vote
Process by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
approval voting, single transferable vote, instant runoff voting or a Condorcet method. These alternative systems also are popular for lesser elections in
Election
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
order is not the same as the elimination order for sequential elimination methods: despite being eliminated first, Center is the runner-up in this election
Social_welfare_function
Vote supporting only a single candidate
support for a single favorite. Every voting method that does not satisfy either later-no-harm (most methods) or monotonicity (such as instant-runoff voting)
Bullet_voting
Multiple-winner electoral system
100%). If instead the sum of squares must add up to a fixed value, the method becomes quadratic voting. Cumulative voting is semi-proportional, allowing
Cumulative_voting
Axiom of decision theory and social sciences
particular voting methods, the following results hold: Instant-runoff voting, the Kemeny–Young method, the Minimax Condorcet method, Ranked Pairs, top-two
Independence of irrelevant alternatives
Independence_of_irrelevant_alternatives
Combination of direct and representative democracy
Ranked-choice (RCV) Party block voting Plurality block voting Condorcet methods Condorcet-IRV Round-robin voting Minimax Kemeny Schulze Ranked pairs Maximal
Liquid_democracy
Property of electoral systems
monotonic, clone-independent, reversal symmetric, and condorcet-consistent single-winner election method" (PDF). Social Choice and Welfare. 36 (2). Springer
Independence of clones criterion
Independence_of_clones_criterion
Electoral or law making voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Weighted_voting
Election that narrows the field of candidates before an election for office
election. Unlike a plurality voting system, a run-off system meets the Condorcet loser criterion in that the candidate that ultimately wins would not have
Primary_election
Number of votes a candidate needs to win
most commonly used quota for apportionments using the largest remainder method of party-list representation. It was proposed by Thomas Hare in his first
Electoral_quota
Single-winner electoral system
ratings. Although tie votes in STAR Voting are rare, as with any voting method, they can occur, especially in elections without many voters. In most cases
STAR_voting
(root finding) Condorcet method (voting systems) Coombs' method (voting systems) Copeland's method (voting systems) Crank–Nicolson method (numerical analysis)
List of mathematics-based methods
List_of_mathematics-based_methods
System by which New Zealand parliament is elected
allocated by the Sainte-Laguë method, which is unbiased and does not favour larger parties like the alternative D'Hondt method. If a party has more electoral
Electoral system of New Zealand
Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand
Approval-like voting rule
determine the election results. Ranked voting Single transferable vote Condorcet method First-past-the-post voting Positional voting Instant-runoff voting
D21_–_Janeček_method
voting was introduced in Western Australia in 1877, followed by an improved method in South Australia in 1890. On the other hand, concerns about postal voting
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Probabilistic Condorcet method
lotteries satisfy a wide range of desirable properties: they elect the Condorcet winner with probability 1 if it exists and never elect candidates outside
Maximal_lotteries
Form of voting that allows delegation
receipt to indicate the validation or invalidation of their request. This method is allowed instead or early or mail voting. Proxy voting was intensely used
Proxy_voting
Mixed electoral system with compensation
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Alternative_vote_plus
Elections where only a part of the body is elected at a time
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Staggered_elections
Variant of party-list voting system
voting Condorcet methods Copeland's method Dodgson's method Kemeny method Minimax Condorcet method Nanson's method Ranked pairs Schulze method Exhaustive
Closed_list
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Muslim
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English lang, long ‘long’ + strete ‘road’.Translation of Dutch Langestraet, cognate with 1.The confederate general James Longstreet (1821–1904), was born in SC, came from an old Dutch family in New Netherland with the name Langestraet; he was the nephew of Augustus B. Longstreet, a Methodist clergyman born in Augusta, GA, in 1790.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : habitational name from a place so called in Hatherleigh, Devon.The Methodist Robert Strawbridge was born in Drummersnave (now Drumsna), near Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland. Some time between 1759 and 1766 he emigrated to MD and settled on Sam’s Creek, Frederick Co.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and French
English (of Norman origin) and French : status name for a professional champion, especially an agent employed to represent one of the parties in a trial by combat, a method of settling disputes current in the Middle Ages. The word comes from Old French champion, campion (Late Latin campio, genitive campionis, a derivative of campus ‘plain’, ‘field of battle’). Compare Campion, Kemp.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Muslim
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Boy/Male
Tamil
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Tamil
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vedhanth | வேதாநà¯à®¤
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Vedhanth | வேதாநà¯à®¤
Boy/Male
Indian
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Male
Greek
(Μεθόδιος) Greek name derived from methodos, METHODIOS means "method."
Surname or Lastname
Americanized form of German Albrecht.English
Americanized form of German Albrecht.English : from a medieval variant of the personal name Albert.Jacob Albright (1759–1808), a prominent Methodist preacher, was born in Pottstown, PA, the son of a German immigrant called Johann Albrecht.
Boy/Male
English American
From the west meadow. John and Charles Wesley were the founders of Methodism.
Boy/Male
Indian
Method, Way, Mode, Manner, One who crosses the river of life, Morning star
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Love; Peace of Water
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Slave of the Great
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Feet of Goddess Kali
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Destroyer of Foes
Male
Egyptian
, a pallakist of Apis.
Boy/Male
German
Head of the household; leader of the household.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Name of Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Hindu
The first finger
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Shining; Light
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Rajasthani, Tamil, Telugu
Collection
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
CONDORCET METHOD
n.
Classification; a mode or system of classifying natural objects according to certain common characteristics; as, the method of Theophrastus; the method of Ray; the Linnaean method.
a.
Of or pertaining to methodists, or to the Methodists.
a.
Of or pertaining to methodology.
n.
One who methodizes.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Methodize
n.
The art and principles of method.
n.
One who observes method.
a.
Proceeding with regard to method; systematic.
n.
The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists.
a.
Alt. of Methodical
a.
Arranged with regard to method; disposed in a suitable manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical observation; as, the methodical arrangement of arguments; a methodical treatise.
n.
The act or process of methodizing, or the state of being methodized.
a.
Alt. of Methodistical
a.
Of or pertaining to the ancient school of physicians called methodists.
n.
An orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything; hence, manner; way; mode; as, a method of teaching languages; a method of improving the mind.
n.
One of a sect of Christians, the outgrowth of a small association called the "Holy Club," formed at Oxford University, A.D. 1729, of which the most conspicuous members were John Wesley and his brother Charles; -- originally so called from the methodical strictness of members of the club in all religious duties.
imp. & p. p.
of Methodize
v. t.
To reduce to method; to dispose in due order; to arrange in a convenient manner; as, to methodize one's work or thoughts.
n.
The science of method or arrangement; a treatise on method.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sect of Methodists; as, Methodist hymns; a Methodist elder.