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Part of the brain responsible for personality, decision-making, and social behavior
brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) covers the front part of the frontal lobe of the human brain. It is the association cortex in the frontal lobe
Prefrontal_cortex
Part of the prefrontal cortex
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain. The ventral medial prefrontal is located in the frontal
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex
Area of the prefrontal cortex of primates
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC or DLPFC) is an area in the prefrontal cortex of the primate brain. It is one of the most recently derived parts
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex
Area of some species' brains
The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC or DMPFC is a section of the prefrontal cortex in some species' brain anatomy. It includes portions of Brodmann
Dorsomedial_prefrontal_cortex
Part of the brain
motor cortex (the premotor cortex, the nonprimary motor cortex, the primary motor cortex) and the prefrontal cortex (e.g., the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
Frontal_lobe
Part of the prefrontal cortex of the brain
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) is a section of the prefrontal cortex located on the inferior frontal gyrus, bounded superiorly by the inferior
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Ventrolateral_prefrontal_cortex
Discredited neurosurgical operation
connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. The surgery severs most of the connections to and from the prefrontal cortex, and the anterior part of the
Lobotomy
Region of the prefrontal cortex of the brain
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making
Orbitofrontal_cortex
Scientific misconception
has taken on multiple variations. The most common relates to the prefrontal cortex of the brain and its role in functions such as decision-making, long-term
Brain_matures_at_25_myth
Brain area
frontopolar prefrontal cortex, rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, or anterior prefrontal cortex) is the anterior-most portion of the prefrontal cortex in the
Brodmann_area_10
Group of subcortical nuclei involved in the motor and reward systems
influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in executive functions. It has also been hypothesized
Basal_ganglia
In human brain anatomy, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is part of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). According to Striedter the PFC of humans can be delineated
Lateral_prefrontal_cortex
Condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual
cingulate cortex, insula, ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior temporal pole, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and extrastriate visual cortex. Individuals
Reduced_affect_display
Conscious subjective experience
prefrontal cortex made opposing predictions. The valence model predicted that anger, a negative emotion, would activate the right prefrontal cortex.
Emotion
Cognitive processes necessary for control of behavior
associated with the particular regions of the prefrontal cortex and associated areas. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved with "on-line" processing
Executive_functions
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
consolidation in the entorhinal cortex is achieved through extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. The medial prefrontal cortex processes egocentric spatial
Spatial_memory
Outermost layer of an organ
cortex connects with the organs of the limbic system. The frontal association cortex can be split into the premotor cortex and the prefrontal cortex.
Cortex_(anatomy)
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
Ferrier described ablation experiments of the prefrontal cortex (PFC); they concluded that the frontal cortex was important for cognitive rather than sensory
Working_memory
Aspect of inhibitory control
developmental trajectory of the prefrontal cortex. Todd A. Hare et al. use functional MRI to examine how prefrontal regions contribute to self-control
Self-control
State of decreased cerebral blood flow
Hypofrontality is a state of decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. Hypofrontality is symptomatic of several neurological
Hypofrontality
Large-scale brain network active when not focusing on an external task
large-scale brain network primarily composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and angular gyrus. It is best known for being
Default_mode_network
Behaviorial tendency
ventral striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex is associated with an
Present_bias
Part of the limbic lobe of the brain cortex
projections to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9), anterior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 10), orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmanns’ area 11)
Cingulate_cortex
Neuroscientific approaches purposed under the scope of applied aesthetics
Additionally, the prefrontal dorsalateral cortex (PDC) is selectively activated only by stimuli considered beautiful whereas prefrontal activity as a whole
Neuroesthetics
Personality construct
Individuals with damage to the area of the prefrontal cortex known as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex show remarkable similarities to diagnosed psychopathic
Psychopathy
Psychological phenomenon
However, some studies have shown higher activation in the medial prefrontal cortex when averted gaze is perceived than direct gaze. This activation was
Eye_contact_effect
Psychological model
the self-reference effect appears to be the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the area of the brain that is believed to
Self-reference_effect
Specific class of mammalian cortical neurons
salience network). In 2008, they were also found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of humans. Von Economo neurons are also found in the brains of a number
Von_Economo_neuron
Set of brain structures involved in emotion and motivation
the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon, including the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, limbic thalamus, hippocampus including the parahippocampal
Limbic_system
Paired structure within the brain temporal lobe
amygdala/medial-prefrontal-cortex circuit). For people with manic bipolar I disorder, a decreased negative functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and
Amygdala
Use of neuroscience in study of social cognition
self. Ventral regions of mPFC, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, are thought to play a critical role in the affective
Social_cognitive_neuroscience
Organ central to the nervous system
cells in other areas of the brain or distant parts of the body. The prefrontal cortex, which controls executive functions, is particularly well developed
Brain
Parts of the cerebrum
The divisions of the prefrontal cortex include orbital, medial, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex there are two different
Lobes_of_the_brain
Disorder resulting in compulsive behaviors
systems become overactive as ordinary pleasures are muted, and reduced prefrontal cortex control leaves craving poorly restrained. Addiction is diagnosed clinically
Addiction
Central concept of the self-model theory of subjectivity
of beliefs and attitudes. These features are instantiated in the prefrontal cortex. This theory is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and
Self-model
Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM) is an algorithm that models working memory in the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia. It can
Prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory
Prefrontal_cortex_basal_ganglia_working_memory
High-detailed autobiographical memory
activation in the medial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction along with heightened connection between the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus
Hyperthymesia
Inability to feel pleasure
include the prefrontal cortex as a whole, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the striatum, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hypothalamus
Anhedonia
Form of epilepsy that may be related to a psychiatric problem or a sleep disorder
the precentral cortex and prefrontal cortex.[citation needed] The precentral cortex (Brodmann area 6) is an area of the frontal cortex that is located
Frontal_lobe_epilepsy
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
caused by alcohol's neurotoxicity. Neuroimaging shows that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the precuneus
Theory_of_mind
Controlling biological cells with light
connection made from the basolateral amygdala to the dorsal-medial prefrontal cortex where neuronal oscillations of 4 Hz have been observed in correlation
Optogenetics
In neurophysiology, a reduction of neuronal synapse efficacy
involved with NMDA receptor dependent LTD in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and VTA by releasing glutamate or D-serine (as gliotransmitters)
Long-term_depression
Hypothesis that emotional processes guide or bias decision-making
somatic markers are thought to be processed in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. The hypothesis has been tested in experiments
Somatic_marker_hypothesis
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
well as in reward. Abnormalities are commonly found in the lateral prefrontal cortex whose putative function is generally considered to involve regulation
Biology_of_depression
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
pathway projects from the ventral tegmental area to the prefrontal cortex (VTA → Prefrontal cortex). This pathway is involved in cognition and the regulation
Dopaminergic_pathways
Cellular second messenger
suggests that cAMP affects the function of higher-order thinking in the prefrontal cortex through its regulation of ion channels called hyperpolarization-activated
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate
Type of long-term human memory
rhinal cortex in the temporal lobe, and the prefrontal cortex. Nuclei in the thalamus also are included, because many connections between the prefrontal cortex
Explicit_memory
Biological study Of bipolar disorder
identified abnormalities in several brain regions, with the ventral prefrontal cortex and amygdala being most frequently implicated. Dysfunction within
Biology_of_bipolar_disorder
Diminished responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure
into the network by invalidating preexisting ideas. When the medial prefrontal cortex is damaged, desensitization can be more difficult. Neurons in this
Desensitization_(psychology)
Biological processes that underlie human's perception of self-understanding
medial prefrontal cortex and the medial posterior parietal cortex. The posterior cingulate cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex
Neural_basis_of_self
Term
OFC is located dorsal to the prefrontal cortex, allowing smell information direct input to the prefrontal cortex, or the major decision-making area of the
Retronasal_smell
Effect of psychological interference on reaction time
of the Stroop task. They are the anterior cingulate cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More specifically, while both are activated when resolving
Stroop_effect
Group of neural structures responsible for motivation and desire
e., the pars compacta and pars reticulata), prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus (particularly, the
Reward_system
Mental disorder
abnormal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), right premotor cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, globus
Obsessive–compulsive_disorder
Study of the neural mechanisms of emotion
understand how emotions have influenced our decision making. Prefrontal cortex – The prefrontal cortex is the front of the brain, behind the forehead and above
Affective_neuroscience
Combination of consumer research with modern neuroscience
be able to disprove this theory by showing that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the striatum play a role in bilateral emotion processing. The
Consumer_neuroscience
Mental disorder
including early lesions of the prefrontal cortex, developmental disruption of white matter pathways connecting frontal cortex with temporal, limbic and parietal
Pathological_lying
Type of socially subordinate ranking
prefrontal cortex of pyramidal neurons, the primary excitatory cell type of the brain. High ranking macaques have a larger rostral prefrontal cortex in
Dominance_hierarchy
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
medications that treat ADHD by stimulating receptors expressed in the prefrontal cortex, thereby enhancing cognitive control of behavior. Clonidine acts non-selectively
Clonidine
ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC)
Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
Interactions_between_the_emotional_and_executive_brain_systems
Neural pathways
circuits share same anatomical structures. These circuits originate in prefrontal cortex and project to the striatum followed by globus pallidus and substantia
Frontostriatal_circuit
Set of mental health conditions
parietal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and limbic system. Those with dissociative disorders have higher activity levels in the prefrontal lobe and a more
Dissociative_disorder
Medication used for high blood pressure and ADHD
the regulation of attention and behavior by the prefrontal cortex. These enhancing effects on prefrontal cortical functions are believed to be due to drug
Guanfacine
Process to choose a course of action
including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex, and the overlapping ventromedial prefrontal cortex are believed to be involved in decision-making
Decision-making
Human transition from puberty to adult
in the prefrontal cortex increases, improving the efficiency of information processing, and neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other
Adolescence
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
indicated male > female activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex, visual regions, parahippocampal cortex, and cerebellum during long-term memory retrieval
Memory
Brain of birds
response to certain tests designed for the prefrontal cortex similarly to how neurons in the prefrontal cortex themselves behave. Damage to the caudolateral
Avian_brain
Organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition or a stimulus
regulated by several brain regions, including the limbic system, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and stria terminalis. Through these mechanisms
Stress_(biology)
Dopamine pathway in the brain
a dopaminergic pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the prefrontal cortex. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain. It is
Mesocortical_pathway
Brain region
components. The dorsal part of the ACC is connected with the prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex, as well as the motor system and the frontal eye fields
Anterior_cingulate_cortex
Dream where one is aware that one is dreaming
an increase in activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the bilateral frontopolar prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, the inferior parietal lobules
Lucid_dream
Neurological study
is the first step in expressing racial attitudes. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) works in conjunction with the ACC, and acts as the overseer
Neuroscience_and_race
Types of dementia involving the frontal or temporal lobes
orbitofrontal cortex and medial aspects such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In later stages, it gradually expands its area to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Frontotemporal_dementia
Totality of psychological phenomena
prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions, such as planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and working memory. The sensory cortex processes
Mind
Field of neuroscience
those of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and amygdala. Less pronounced
Neuromorality
Part of the human brain
cortex is therefore anatomically a transition between the agranular motor cortex and the granular, six-layered prefrontal cortex. The premotor cortex
Premotor_cortex
Neurodevelopmental disorder
thinning of the cerebral cortex in ADHD subjects compared with age-matched controls in prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex, areas involved in working
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Central organ of the human nervous system
prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, angular prefrontal cortex, right prefrontal cortex, and supramarginal gyrus. Working memory manipulation
Human_brain
Tendency to act on a whim without considering consequences
fully known, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the brain region most ubiquitously implicated in impulsivity. Damage to the prefrontal cortex has been associated
Impulsivity
Part of the brain's prefrontal cortex
gyrus of the frontal gyri, of the frontal lobe, and is part of the prefrontal cortex. Its superior border is the inferior frontal sulcus (which divides
Inferior_frontal_gyrus
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
most prominent group of VTA dopaminergic neurons projects to the prefrontal cortex via the mesocortical pathway and another smaller group projects to
Dopamine
Area of study within psychosomatic medicine
Psychological stress is regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) The PFC modulates vagal activity Prefrontally modulated and vagally mediated cholinergic
Psychoneuroimmunology
Area of the temporal lobe of the brain
associational, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices, as well as prefrontal cortex. EC as a whole, therefore, receives highly processed input from every
Entorhinal_cortex
motor cortex Prefrontal cortex Orbitofrontal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex Ventromedial
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex and then projects through the striatum and thalamus to return to the prefrontal cortex. Not surprisingly
Executive_dysfunction
Return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission
receptors, such as the dopamine receptor D2, and changes in the medial prefrontal cortex are prominent targets for pharmacotherapy to prevent relapse because
Relapse
Large nucleus in the thalamus
medial dorsal nucleus is interconnected with the prefrontal cortex, therefore involved in prefrontal functions. Damage to the interconnected tract or
Medial_dorsal_nucleus
Iranian-American neuroscientist
extracellular dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens compared to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. In the Journal of Neurochemistry, she then reported the effects of
Bita_Moghaddam
Cognitive process
control. In the frontal lobe, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right ventral prefrontal cortex show high levels of activity during inhibitory
Inhibitory_control
Conscious process of synthesizing mental images
not controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), PFS is controlled by and completely dependent on the intact lateral prefrontal cortex. Unlike simple memory
Prefrontal_synthesis
Act of processing and understanding idioms
associated with idiom comprehension, such as the left temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex. Psycholinguistic research in idiom comprehension began in the 1970s
Comprehension_of_idioms
Medication used to treat ADHD
reuptake inhibition and by indirectly increasing dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, sharing 70–80% of the brain regions with stimulants in its produced
Atomoxetine
Topics referred to by the same term
Prefrontal may refer to: Prefrontal bone, a skull bone in some tetrapods Prefrontal cortex, a region of the brain of a mammal Prefrontal scales, a set
Prefrontal
Anxiety disorder classified by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation
involved with phobia and fear are the anterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex. In the processing of emotional stimuli, studies on phobic
Phobia
Ability to understand or feel what another is feeling
is correlated with activity in the mid cingulate cortex and adjacent dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. A study with patients who experienced different types
Empathy
Nonspecific long-lasting anxiety
media use to increased anxiety. GAD involves heightened amygdala and prefrontal cortex activity, reflecting an overactive threat-response system. It affects
Generalized_anxiety_disorder
Gambling done through the internet
striatum and the prefrontal cortex. The ventral striatum is the portion of the brain that processes rewards and emotions. The prefrontal cortex is the front
Online_gambling
Brain region of tonic inhibition of fear
The infralimbic cortex (IL) is a cortical region in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex which is important in tonic inhibition of subcortical structures
Infralimbic_cortex
Region of in avian brains
demonstrate that this area is in fact largely analogous to the mammalian prefrontal cortex – the region of the brain covering the most rostral section of the
Nidopallium
Protein-coding gene in humans
superior frontal gyrus primary visual cortex ventricular zone Brodmann area 9 prefrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex n/a More reference expression data
CT55
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
pl.
of Cortex
n.
Bark; rind; specifically, cinchona bark.
n.
The outer or superficial part of an organ; as, the cortex or gray exterior substance of the brain.
n.
A prefrontal bone or scale.
a.
Situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes.
n.
Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.
a.
External to the ethmoid; prefrontal.
n.
Bark, as of a tree; hence, an outer covering.