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Psychological model
The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on whether they are implicated in the information. When
Self-reference_effect
Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
Self-reference is a concept that involves referring to oneself or one's own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics
Self-reference
Method of organizing information in one's memory
hence the effect of self-reference on memory. In essence, researchers have investigated the potential mnemonic properties of self-reference. Research
Self-referential_encoding
Psychological model of memory
transfer-appropriate processing, the self-reference effect, and the explicit nature of a stimulus modify the levels-of-processing effect by manipulating mental processing
Levels_of_processing_model
Biological memory process in organisms
the word pairs. Research illustrates that the self-reference effect aids encoding. The self-reference effect is the idea that individuals will encode information
Encoding_(memory)
Cognitive bias in which people think they are being noticed more than they really are
egocentric bias, self-referential encoding, self-reference effect and ideas of reference and delusions of reference. The spotlight effect plays a significant
Spotlight_effect
Ringelmann effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-reference effect Serial position effect Simon effect Sleeper effect Social facilitation Spacing effect Spotlight
List_of_psychological_effects
Cognitive bias
S2CID 16860986. Symons, Cynthia S.; Johnson, Blair T. (1997). "The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 121 (3): 371–394
Endowment_effect
Prediction that causes itself to become true
"Clever Hans" effect Observer-expectancy effect Hawthorne effect Placebo effect Nocebo effect Pygmalion effect Stereotype threat Self-fulfilling prophecies
Self-fulfilling_prophecy
declarative memory. One aspect of autobiographical memory is the self-reference effect, which means that typically people have a stronger memory for information
Autism_and_memory
Tendency to place higher value on an object one owns
01.002. Symons, Cynthia S.; Johnson, Blair T. (May 1997). "The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 121 (3): 371–394
Mere_ownership_effect
People feel better about themselves when they are more obviously superior
The big-fish–little-pond effect (BFLPE) is a frame of reference model introduced by Herbert W. Marsh and John W. Parker in 1984. According to the model
Big-fish–little-pond_effect
1998 Canadian Supreme Court case on the ability of Quebec to legally secede from Canada
government of Quebec the right to effect the secession of Quebec from Canada unilaterally? In this regard, is there a right to self‑determination under international
Reference Re Secession of Quebec
Reference_Re_Secession_of_Quebec
Christian ethical consideration
an effect one would otherwise be obliged to avoid. The first known example of double-effect reasoning is Thomas Aquinas' treatment of homicidal self-defense
Principle_of_double_effect
Psychological phenomenon
cites research by Rogers, Kuiper, and Kirker, who explain that the self-reference effect is the ability of people to recall information better if they think
Egocentric_bias
Cognitive shift after seeing Earth from space
connection to other people and the Earth as a whole. The effect can cause changes in the observer's self concept and value system, and can be transformative
Overview_effect
Superstition that equipment only fails in the presence of certain people
attributes this to the Pauli Effect. The anime Amnesia: Fated Memories and the video game Signalis also reference the Pauli effect and synchronicity. In the
Pauli_effect
Cognitive bias
better-than-average effect place greater focus on the self when asking participants to make comparisons (the question will often be phrased with the self being presented
Illusory_superiority
Self-cleaning properties
The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of Nelumbo, the lotus flower.
Lotus_effect
Subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the date of their birthday
Number Preference Task is used to estimate implicit self-esteem. There is some evidence that the effect has implications for real-life decisions. One lab
Birthday-number_effect
Suicide by setting oneself on fire
on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2012. "Dalai Lama doubts effect of Tibetan self-immolations". The Daily Telegraph. London. 13 June 2013. Archived
Self-immolation
Property of electrical conductors
a transformer. The property describing the effect of one conductor on itself is more precisely called self-inductance, and the properties describing the
Inductance
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
chilling effect is the phenomenon in which an individual, organization, or group is prevented from exercising their legal rights, leading to self-censorship
Chilling_effect
Apparently multiple sources for single-source data
Rumor – Unverified message or story Self-reference – Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself Self-reference effect – Psychological model Single source
Circular_reporting
Approaches applied to learning
well as recall what had been studied. This is referred to as the Self-reference Effect. Adding to this phenomenon, examples that are more familiar to an
Study_skills
Form of distribution marketing
supply chain environment. People with high self-efficacy experience less trouble handling the bullwhip-effect in the supply chain. A seminal Lee et al.
Bullwhip_effect
Attributional type of cognitive bias
This false consensus is significant because it increases self-esteem (overconfidence effect). This bias is especially prevalent in group settings where
False_consensus_effect
Intentional injury to one's body
burning. The exact bounds of self-harm are imprecise, but generally exclude tissue damage that occurs as an unintended side-effect of eating disorders or substance
Self-harm
include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought. Gottlob
Philosophy_of_language
Social psychology effect about mistakes and likability
effects of gender, self-esteem, and blunder severity on change in appeal and likability. Occasionally referred to as the blemishing effect when used as a
Pratfall_effect
Theorized increase of longevity with age
The Lindy effect (also known as Lindy's law) is a theorized phenomenon by which the future life expectancy of some non-perishable thing, like a technology
Lindy_effect
Humor that alludes to itself
itself, thus in effect repeating one or more words. "RAS" stands for Redundant Acronym Syndrome and so RAS syndrome is self-referencing. Breaking the fourth
Self-referential_humor
Efficiency leads to increased demand
Jevons paradox to energy conservation. Some dismiss the effect, while others worry that it may be self-defeating to pursue sustainability by increasing energy
Jevons_paradox
Hypothesis in social sciences related to the perception of media effects
an underestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on themselves. These types of perceptions stem from a self-motivated social desirability
Third-person_effect
Tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form
The Coandă effect (/ˈkwɑːndə/ or /ˈkwæ-/) is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form. Merriam-Webster describes it as "the
Coandă_effect
Phenomenon involving innocuous events
have also been reported to produce ideas of reference during experiences. They are also a common side effect of cannabis in which benign innocous events
Ideas and delusions of reference
Ideas_and_delusions_of_reference
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
to Earth's rotation, its surface is not an inertial frame of reference. The Coriolis effect can deflect certain forms of motion as seen from Earth, and
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Special vehicle to fly in air just above sea or ground
A ground-effect vehicle (GEV, wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or
Ground-effect_vehicle
Perceptual phenomenon
The Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect (named after Hermann von Helmholtz and V. A. Kohlrausch) is a perceptual phenomenon wherein the intense saturation of spectral
Helmholtz–Kohlrausch_effect
Type of self reference
Meta-reference (or metareference) is a category of self-reference occurring in media or media artifacts such as texts, films, paintings, TV series, comic
Meta-reference
Parallel or angled mirrors reflecting each other
but this is not required to produce the effect. A similar appearance in artworks has been called the Droste effect. Infinity mirrors are sometimes used as
Infinity_mirror
Whole of an object being mathematically similar to part of itself
Droste effect Golden ratio Logarithmic spiral Long-range dependency Non-well-founded set theory Recursion Self-dissimilarity Self-reference Self-replication
Self-similarity
One's internal beliefs about oneself
In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs
Self-concept
Deflection of a spinning object moving through a fluid
The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning object is moving through a fluid. A lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may
Magnus_effect
Literary device in the form of a repeated joke or reference
to be self-mocking to the point where the original request has little or no chance of actually being carried out and results in a humorous effect. Callback
Running_gag
details about someone of the same gender. Generation effect (Self-generation effect): That self-generated information is remembered best. For instance
List_of_cognitive_biases
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted
Photoelectric_effect
Understanding of one's own basic needs and motives
and "What am I like?". Self-knowledge requires both self-awareness and self-consciousness (aware of the fact that one is self-aware). While young infants
Self-knowledge_(psychology)
Behavioral condition
motivation can also be a side effect of psychiatric medications, putting those who require them at a higher risk of self-neglect than might be caused by
Self-neglect
Psychology concept
self-efficacy achieve higher learning outcomes. The effect of technical self-efficacy was found to be even stronger than the effect of gender. Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy
Repatterned modes of perception after devotion to an activity
The Tetris effect occurs when someone dedicates substantial time, effort, and concentration to an activity and thereby alters their thoughts, dreams, and
Tetris_effect
Military forces of Japan
The Japan Self-Defense Forces (Japanese: 自衛隊, Hepburn: Jieitai; JSDF) are the military forces of Japan. The JSDF comprises the Japan Ground Self-Defense
Japan_Self-Defense_Forces
Capacity of an object, organism, or population to continue its own existence
self-stabilization, homeostasis self-replication self-reference recursion reproduction feedback loop cause and effect von Neumann universal constructor
Self-perpetuation
Account of attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem
dimensions. Attitude change Outline of self Gaslighting Overjustification effect Self-knowledge (psychology) Self-schema Social comparison theory Bem, D
Self-perception_theory
Tendency for positive impressions to contaminate other evaluations
The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error), a term coined by Edward Thorndike, is the tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, country
Halo_effect
2017 video game
Mass Effect: Andromeda is a 2017 action role-playing game developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. It is the fourth major entry in the Mass
Mass_Effect:_Andromeda
Epistemologically probative proposition
§ Self-evident truth and self-evident falsehood Axiom Contradiction Foundationalism Introspection Law of identity Primitive notion Self-reference Self-refuting
Self-evidence
Capacity for introspection and individuation as a subject
In the philosophy of self, self-awareness is the awareness and reflection of one's own personality or individuality, including traits, feelings, and behaviors
Self-awareness
Tendency to base judgments on an irrelevant anchor
The anchoring effect is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual's judgments or decisions are influenced by a reference point or "anchor" which
Anchoring_effect
Legacy of the 1999 Columbine massacre
The Columbine effect is the legacy and impact of the Columbine High School massacre ("Columbine"), which occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High
Columbine_effect
Surgical or chemical action that removes use of testicles
non-castrated ones does not conclusively prove that it is a biological effect of castration, but might be explained by other factors. One suggested factor
Castration
Extending compassion to one's self in instances of suffering or failure
has defined self-compassion as being composed of three main elements – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Self-kindness: Self-compassion
Self-compassion
Hypothetical type of nuclear reaction
established theories. Many scientists were also reminded of the Mössbauer effect, a process involving nuclear transitions in a solid. Its discovery 30 years
Cold_fusion
Nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light–matter interaction. An ultrashort pulse of light, when travelling in a medium, will
Self-phase_modulation
Circular relationships between cause and effect
social mobility.) Within economics, reflexivity refers to the self-reinforcing effect of market sentiment, whereby rising prices attract buyers whose
Reflexivity_(social_theory)
Self-help book by Rhonda Byrne
The Power is a 2010 self-help and spirituality book written by Rhonda Byrne. It is a sequel to the 2006 book The Secret. The book was released on 17 August
The_Power_(self-help_book)
Type of relationship
codependent are more likely to have low self-esteem, but it is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of characteristics associated with codependency
Codependency
Mental state of a reduced perception of self-awareness
to changes in the person's experience of the world that reflect the effect of self-disorders on the person's worldview. A large number of these items have
Self-disorder
Relativistic effect due to rotation
provides the reference for the self-calibrating property of the ring laser interferometer. Ring laser gyroscopes suffer from an effect known as "lock-in"
Sagnac_effect
Predisposition to hide embarrassing information
Self-concealment is a psychological construct defined as "a predisposition to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing
Self-concealment
Psychological effect
in regards to their self-perceptions. A frame of reference context can be applied to look at the frog pond effect in regards to self perceptions in schools
Frog_pond_effect
Psychological and sociological phenomenon
The women-are-wonderful effect is the phenomenon found in psychological and sociological research which suggests that people associate more positive attributes
Women-are-wonderful_effect
Logically self-contradictory statement
levels of abstraction. Self-reference occurs when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. Although statements can be self referential without being
Paradox
Sociological term
personas, risk damaging the development of their real-world self. She also notes that this effect may be even greater among users who display all different
Looking-glass_self
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
are false. While constructed to avoid self-reference, there is no consensus whether it relies on self-reference or not. Opposite Day: "It is opposite
List_of_paradoxes
Cognitive bias
they exhibit disposition effect behavior, but find it difficult to change that behavior. Such a situation gives rise to a self-control conflict. Shefrin
Disposition_effect
Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory
time dilation. When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity. The dilation compares co-moving clock readings between
Time_dilation
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
extinction. Operant conditioning originated with Edward Thorndike, whose law of effect theorised that behaviors arise as a result of consequences as satisfying
Operant_conditioning
Psychological behavior
WL, Leavitt LA, Walsh RO (October 1990). "Maternal self-efficacy: illusory control and its effect on susceptibility to learned helplessness". Child Development
Learned_helplessness
Mental picture of self that comes from different sources
Body image Body schema Culture of poverty Dunning–Kruger effect End-of-history illusion Face (self image) Fear of negative evaluation Figure rating scale
Self-image
Development of one's virtues
between inner and outer self, thus the cumulative effect brought by Confucian self-cultivation is not just limited to one's self or person, but extends
Self-cultivation
1841 essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson
the "aboriginal self on which a universal reliance may be grounded". Emerson emphasizes the importance of individualism and its effect on a person's satisfaction
Self-Reliance
Breakdown in empathy
Empathy gaps can be interpersonal (toward others) or intrapersonal (toward the self, e.g. when predicting one's own future preferences). A great deal of social
Empathy_gap
Statistical measure used in survey research
In survey research, the design effect is a number that shows how well a sample of people may represent a larger group of people for a specific measure
Design_effect
Space exploration concept
The concept of self-replicating spacecraft, as envisioned by mathematician John von Neumann, has been described by futurists and has been discussed across
Self-replicating_spacecraft
Mathematical model combining space and time
connecting them (longitudinal Doppler effect), and (2) the motions are at right angles to the said line (transverse Doppler effect). We are ignoring scenarios where
Spacetime
Theatrical technique
The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (German: Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt), is a concept in performing arts credited to German
Distancing_effect
Technique of placing a copy of an image within itself, or a story within a story
depicted within itself, in which Jersey Ellis conjectures that the self-references sometimes are used to strengthen the symbolism of gift-giving by documenting
Mise_en_abyme
Social psychological theory
The bystander effect (also called bystander apathy or the Genovese effect) is a social psychological theory that states that individuals are less likely
Bystander_effect
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
inventions. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed the concept of a field-effect transistor (FET) in 1925, but it was not possible to construct a working
Transistor
Psychological occurrence
activation of associated information, the incorporation of misinformation effect, and source misattribution have been suggested to be several mechanisms
False_memory
2000 Canadian law on seccession
government of Quebec the right to effect the secession of Quebec from Canada unilaterally? In this regard, is there a right to self-determination under international
Clarity_Act
Tendency of people to prefer the letters in their name over other letters in the alphabet
non-self-referencing brand names (e.g. Xbox). The effect behaved like the name-letter effect: when the self was put under threat the effect became stronger
Name-letter_effect
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled
Feedback
5th-century BC Athenian historian and general
impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to
Thucydides
American hip-hop group
Wreckx-n-Effect (originally Wrecks-n-Effect) is an American hip-hop group from Harlem, New York City. They are known for their 1992 single "Rump Shaker"
Wreckx-n-Effect
People without work and actively seeking work
Unemployment is the state of not being in paid employment or self-employment but rather currently available for work. Unemployment is measured by the unemployment
Unemployment
Psychological effect involving letters in a word
In psychology, the transposed letter effect is a phenomenon in which letters within a word are switched. The phenomenon takes place when two letters in
Transposed_letter_effect
Examples of the butterfly effect
that small events have a rippling effect that cause much larger events to occur, and has become a common reference. The 1952 short story "A Sound of Thunder"
Butterfly effect in popular culture
Butterfly_effect_in_popular_culture
Metaphorical term for a process that builds upon itself
Runaway-leader syndrome in unbalanced games Self-fulfilling prophecy Slippery slope Snowball sampling Streisand effect Tyranny of small decisions Wealth concentration
Snowball_effect
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
Girl/Female
Hebrew Biblical
Rock.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sword
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : from the Middle English personal name Saulf, Old English Sǣwulf, composed of the elements sǣ ‘sea’ + wulf ‘wolf’.
Boy/Male
Biblical
A rock.
Boy/Male
Indian
Sword
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
A Tree
Female
Egyptian
, a form of Isis.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Sword; Brave; Sword of Religion
Girl/Female
British, English
Soft
Boy/Male
British, English, Nigerian, Norwegian
Rock
Biblical
a rock
Boy/Male
Welsh
peace'.
Girl/Female
African, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Saviour; Ewe of West Africa; Goddess of the Moon; Cliff; Rock
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Male
Yiddish
(סֶעף) Variant spelling of Yiddish Zeff, SEFF means "wolf."
Male
English
(סֶלַע) Anglicized form of Hebrew Cela, SELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra. In use as a unisex name.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek SolomÅn, SELYF means "peaceable."Â
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gumb, itself a variant of Gumm.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Þórr, TOR means "Thor" or "thunder." Compare with other forms of Tor.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Sprung from a Lotus
Girl/Female
Latin American
Favor; blessing. The three mythological graces were nature goddesses: Aglaia: (brilliance);...
Girl/Female
Hindu
Satisfaction, Peace, Happiness
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Allah's chosen one
Girl/Female
Muslim
She was a narrator of Hadith (She was the daughter of Amer al-mujashaiyah)
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Gold Winner
Girl/Female
Indian
A narrator of Hadith
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Power; Achiever
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
n.
A reverent respect for one's self.
n.
Self.
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
Imposture practiced on one's self; self-deceit.
n.
The act of governing one's self, or the state of being governed by one's self; self-control; self-command.
n.
Faith in one's self; self-reliance.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
a.
Disposed to self-assertion; self-asserting.
n.
Control of one's self; restraint exercised over one's self; self-command.
a.
Dependent on one's self; self-depending; self-reliant.
n.
Self-denial; self-renunciation; self-sacrifice.
n.
One who regards with reverence.
n.
Enjoyment of one's self; self-satisfaction.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
a.
Refusing to gratify one's self; self-sacrificing.
n.
Restraint over one's self; self-control; self-command.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.