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Psychological model
The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on whether they are implicated in the information. When
Self-reference_effect
Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
Self-reference is a concept that involves referring to oneself or one's own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics
Self-reference
Cognitive bias in which people think they are being noticed more than they really are
egocentric bias, self-referential encoding, self-reference effect and ideas of reference and delusions of reference. The spotlight effect plays a significant
Spotlight_effect
Psychological model of memory
transfer-appropriate processing, the self-reference effect, and the explicit nature of a stimulus modify the levels-of-processing effect by manipulating mental processing
Levels_of_processing_model
Method of organizing information in one's memory
hence the effect of self-reference on memory. In essence, researchers have investigated the potential mnemonic properties of self-reference. Research
Self-referential_encoding
Biological memory process in organisms
the word pairs. Research illustrates that the self-reference effect aids encoding. The self-reference effect is the idea that individuals will encode information
Encoding_(memory)
Cognitive bias
S2CID 16860986. Symons, Cynthia S.; Johnson, Blair T. (1997). "The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 121 (3): 371–394
Endowment_effect
Ringelmann effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-reference effect Serial position effect Simon effect Sleeper effect Social facilitation Spacing effect Spotlight
List_of_psychological_effects
Prediction that causes itself to become true
"Clever Hans" effect Observer-expectancy effect Hawthorne effect Placebo effect Nocebo effect Pygmalion effect Stereotype threat Self-fulfilling prophecies
Self-fulfilling_prophecy
Psychological phenomenon
cites research by Rogers, Kuiper, and Kirker, who explain that the self-reference effect is the ability of people to recall information better if they think
Egocentric_bias
Tendency to place higher value on an object one owns
01.002. Symons, Cynthia S.; Johnson, Blair T. (May 1997). "The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 121 (3): 371–394
Mere_ownership_effect
Subconscious tendency of people to prefer the numbers in the date of their birthday
Number Preference Task is used to estimate implicit self-esteem. There is some evidence that the effect has implications for real-life decisions. One lab
Birthday-number_effect
People feel better about themselves when they are more obviously superior
The big-fish–little-pond effect (BFLPE) is a frame of reference model introduced by Herbert W. Marsh and John W. Parker in 1984. According to the model
Big-fish–little-pond_effect
declarative memory. One aspect of autobiographical memory is the self-reference effect, which means that typically people have a stronger memory for information
Autism_and_memory
Cognitive bias
better-than-average effect place greater focus on the self when asking participants to make comparisons (the question will often be phrased with the self being presented
Illusory_superiority
1998 Canadian Supreme Court case on the ability of Quebec to legally secede from Canada
government of Quebec the right to effect the secession of Quebec from Canada unilaterally? In this regard, is there a right to self‑determination under international
Reference Re Secession of Quebec
Reference_Re_Secession_of_Quebec
Cognitive shift after seeing Earth from space
connection to other people and the Earth as a whole. The effect can cause changes in the observer's self concept and value system, and can be transformative
Overview_effect
Apparently multiple sources for single-source data
Rumor – Unverified message or story Self-reference – Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself Self-reference effect – Psychological model Single source
Circular_reporting
Psychology concept
self-efficacy achieve higher learning outcomes. The effect of technical self-efficacy was found to be even stronger than the effect of gender. Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy
Social psychology effect about mistakes and likability
effects of gender, self-esteem, and blunder severity on change in appeal and likability. Occasionally referred to as the blemishing effect when used as a
Pratfall_effect
Approaches applied to learning
well as recall what had been studied. This is referred to as the Self-reference Effect. Adding to this phenomenon, examples that are more familiar to an
Study_skills
Suicide by setting oneself on fire
on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2012. "Dalai Lama doubts effect of Tibetan self-immolations". The Daily Telegraph. London. 13 June 2013. Archived
Self-immolation
Christian ethical consideration
an effect one would otherwise be obliged to avoid. The first known example of double-effect reasoning is Thomas Aquinas' treatment of homicidal self-defense
Principle_of_double_effect
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
chilling effect is the phenomenon in which an individual, organization, or group is prevented from exercising their legal rights, leading to self-censorship
Chilling_effect
Attributional type of cognitive bias
This false consensus is significant because it increases self-esteem (overconfidence effect). This bias is especially prevalent in group settings where
False_consensus_effect
Humor that alludes to itself
itself, thus in effect repeating one or more words. "RAS" stands for Redundant Acronym Syndrome and so RAS syndrome is self-referencing. Breaking the fourth
Self-referential_humor
Intentional injury to one's body
burning. The exact bounds of self-harm are imprecise, but generally exclude tissue damage that occurs as an unintended side-effect of eating disorders or substance
Self-harm
Property of electrical conductors
a transformer. The property describing the effect of one conductor on itself is more precisely called self-inductance, and the properties describing the
Inductance
Self-cleaning properties
The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of Nelumbo, the lotus flower.
Lotus_effect
Theorized increase of longevity with age
The Lindy effect (also known as Lindy's law) is a theorized phenomenon by which the future life expectancy of some non-perishable thing, like a technology
Lindy_effect
Breakdown in empathy
Empathy gaps can be interpersonal (toward others) or intrapersonal (toward the self, e.g. when predicting one's own future preferences). A great deal of social
Empathy_gap
Superstition that equipment only fails in the presence of certain people
attributes this to the Pauli Effect. The anime Amnesia: Fated Memories and the video game Signalis also reference the Pauli effect and synchronicity. In the
Pauli_effect
Efficiency leads to increased demand
Jevons paradox to energy conservation. Some dismiss the effect, while others worry that it may be self-defeating to pursue sustainability by increasing energy
Jevons_paradox
Predisposition to hide embarrassing information
Self-concealment is a psychological construct defined as "a predisposition to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing
Self-concealment
Phenomenon involving innocuous events
have also been reported to produce ideas of reference during experiences. They are also a common side effect of cannabis in which benign innocous events
Ideas and delusions of reference
Ideas_and_delusions_of_reference
American hip-hop group
Wreckx-n-Effect (originally Wrecks-n-Effect) is an American hip-hop group from Harlem, New York City. They are best known for their 1992 single "Rump Shaker"
Wreckx-n-Effect
2017 video game
Mass Effect trilogy are not carried over into Mass Effect: Andromeda, and there is no canon ending which is referenced. The protagonist of Mass Effect: Andromeda
Mass_Effect:_Andromeda
details about someone of the same gender. Generation effect (Self-generation effect): That self-generated information is remembered best. For instance
List_of_cognitive_biases
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
of cause and effect that forms a circuit or loop. The system can then be said to feed back into itself. The notion of cause-and-effect has to be handled
Feedback
Unreliability of eyewitnesses
Rashomon effect describes how parties describe an event in a different and contradictory manner, which reflects their subjective interpretation and self-interested
Rashomon_effect
One's internal beliefs about oneself
In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs
Self-concept
Tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form
The Coandă effect (/ˈkwɑːndə/ or /ˈkwæ-/) is the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to a surface of any form. Merriam-Webster describes it as "the
Coandă_effect
Tendency to base judgments on an irrelevant anchor
The anchoring effect is a psychological phenomenon in which an individual's judgments or decisions are influenced by a reference point or "anchor" which
Anchoring_effect
Logically self-contradictory statement
levels of abstraction. Self-reference occurs when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. Although statements can be self referential without being
Paradox
Repatterned modes of perception after devotion to an activity
The Tetris effect occurs when someone dedicates substantial time, effort, and concentration to an activity and thereby alters their thoughts, dreams, and
Tetris_effect
Type of self reference
Meta-reference (or metareference) is a category of self-reference occurring in media or media artifacts such as texts, films, paintings, TV series, comic
Meta-reference
Hypothesis in social sciences related to the perception of media effects
an underestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on themselves. These types of perceptions stem from a self-motivated social desirability
Third-person_effect
Space exploration concept
The concept of self-replicating spacecraft, as envisioned by mathematician John von Neumann, has been described by futurists and has been discussed across
Self-replicating_spacecraft
Nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light–matter interaction. An ultrashort pulse of light, when travelling in a medium, will
Self-phase_modulation
Surgical or chemical action that removes use of testicles
non-castrated ones does not conclusively prove that it is a biological effect of castration, but might be explained by other factors. One suggested factor
Castration
Capacity for introspection and individuation as a subject
In the philosophy of self, self-awareness is the awareness and reflection of one's own personality or individuality, including traits, feelings, and behaviors
Self-awareness
Capacity of an object, organism, or population to continue its own existence
self-stabilization, homeostasis self-replication self-reference recursion reproduction feedback loop cause and effect von Neumann universal constructor
Self-perpetuation
Legacy of the 1999 Columbine massacre
The Columbine effect is the legacy and impact of the Columbine High School massacre ("Columbine"), which occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High
Columbine_effect
Type of relationship
codependent are more likely to have low self-esteem, but it is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of characteristics associated with codependency
Codependency
Epistemologically probative proposition
§ Self-evident truth and self-evident falsehood Axiom Contradiction Foundationalism Introspection Law of identity Primitive notion Self-reference Self-refuting
Self-evidence
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Electrons emitted
Photoelectric_effect
Cognitive bias
they exhibit disposition effect behavior, but find it difficult to change that behavior. Such a situation gives rise to a self-control conflict. Shefrin
Disposition_effect
Whole of an object being mathematically similar to part of itself
Droste effect Golden ratio Logarithmic spiral Long-range dependency Non-well-founded set theory Recursion Self-dissimilarity Self-reference Self-replication
Self-similarity
Psychological effect
in regards to their self-perceptions. A frame of reference context can be applied to look at the frog pond effect in regards to self perceptions in schools
Frog_pond_effect
Account of attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem
dimensions. Attitude change Outline of self Gaslighting Overjustification effect Self-knowledge (psychology) Self-schema Social comparison theory Bem, D
Self-perception_theory
Formula that visually represents itself when graphed
Tupper’s self-referential formula is a mathematical inequality that produces a visual representation of itself when graphed over a particular region of
Tupper's self-referential formula
Tupper's_self-referential_formula
Tendency for positive impressions to contaminate other evaluations
The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error or halo fallacy), a term coined by Edward Thorndike, is the tendency for positive impressions of a person
Halo_effect
Circular relationships between cause and effect
social mobility.) Within economics, reflexivity refers to the self-reinforcing effect of market sentiment, whereby rising prices attract buyers whose
Reflexivity_(social_theory)
American actress (born 1982)
Attributed to multiple references: Attributed to multiple references: Attributed to multiple references: Attributed to multiple references: Attributed to multiple
Anne_Hathaway
Deflection of a spinning object moving through a fluid
The Magnus effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning object is moving through a fluid. A lift force acts on the spinning object and its path may
Magnus_effect
Special vehicle to fly in air just above sea or ground
A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), ekranoplan (from Russian: экранопла́н "screenglider"), wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine
Ground-effect_vehicle
Inclination for or against
disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it. The effect is stronger for emotionally charged issues and for deeply entrenched beliefs
Bias
Metaphorical term for a process that builds upon itself
Runaway-leader syndrome in unbalanced games Self-fulfilling prophecy Slippery slope Snowball sampling Streisand effect Tyranny of small decisions Wealth concentration
Snowball_effect
False belief of emitting pungent body odors
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting
Olfactory_reference_syndrome
Self-help book by Rhonda Byrne
The Power is a 2010 self-help and spirituality book written by Rhonda Byrne. It is a sequel to the 2006 book The Secret. The book was released on 17 August
The_Power_(self-help_book)
The Small Arms Weapons Effect Simulator (SAWES) was a training device used by the British Army during the 1980s. It consisted of an infrared projector
Small Arms Weapons Effects Simulator
Small_Arms_Weapons_Effects_Simulator
2018 self-help book by Robin Sharma
Life is a self-help book by Robin Sharma, a writer and motivational speaker. The book is a fictitious story about morning routine and its effect to change
The_5am_Club
2010 video game
Mass Effect 2 is a 2010 action role-playing game developed by BioWare and published by Microsoft Game Studios and Electronic Arts. It was released for
Mass_Effect_2
Sociological term
personas, risk damaging the development of their real-world self. She also notes that this effect may be even greater among users who display all different
Looking-glass_self
Parallel or angled mirrors reflecting each other
but this is not required to produce the effect. A similar appearance in artworks has been called the Droste effect. Infinity mirrors are sometimes used as
Infinity_mirror
Distortion to enhance self-esteem, or to see oneself overly favorably
A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive
Self-serving_bias
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
to Earth's rotation, its surface is not an inertial frame of reference. The Coriolis effect can deflect certain forms of motion as seen from Earth, and
Inertial_frame_of_reference
The Mass Effect series, a military science fiction media franchise developed by Canadian video game developer BioWare and owned by American publisher Electronic
List of Mass Effect characters
List_of_Mass_Effect_characters
In filmmaking refers to the technique of changing the focal length of a zoom lens
Combined with a dolly camera move it is possible to create the dolly zoom effect.[self-published source?] Noticeable cinematographic examples for the use of
Zooming_(filmmaking)
Relativistic effect due to rotation
provides the reference for the self-calibrating property of the ring laser interferometer. Ring laser gyroscopes suffer from an effect known as "lock-in"
Sagnac_effect
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
are false. While constructed to avoid self-reference, there is no consensus whether it relies on self-reference or not. Opposite Day: "It is opposite
List_of_paradoxes
Vehicle operated with reduced or no human input on public roads
A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous car, driverless car, robotic car, or robo-car, is a car that is capable of operating with reduced or no
Self-driving_car
Mental picture of self that comes from different sources
Body image Body schema Culture of poverty Dunning–Kruger effect End-of-history illusion Face (self image) Fear of negative evaluation Figure rating scale
Self-image
Form of distribution marketing
supply chain environment. People with high self-efficacy experience less trouble handling the bullwhip-effect in the supply chain. A seminal Lee et al.
Bullwhip_effect
Fictional robotic species from Mass Effect
Mass Effect multimedia franchise developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. Originally introduced in the 2007 tie-in novel Mass Effect: Revelation
Geth
Theatrical technique
The distancing effect, also translated as alienation effect (German: Verfremdungseffekt or V-Effekt), is a concept in performing arts credited to German
Distancing_effect
Psychological occurrence
presupposition can generate one of two phenomena: a true effect or a false effect. In true effect, the implication was accurate: in the above example, the
False_memory
Social psychological theory
The bystander effect (also called bystander apathy or the Genovese effect) is a social psychological theory that states that individuals are less likely
Bystander_effect
Psychological technique related to the placebo effect
technique related to the placebo effect, popularized internationally by pharmacist Émile Coué in the 1920s. It is a form of self-induced suggestion in which
Autosuggestion
Fictional character from Mass Effect
Effect franchise. The character first appears in Mass Effect 2 as a party member (or "squadmate"). After Mass Effect 2, Legion returns in Mass Effect
Legion_(Mass_Effect)
Understanding of one's own basic needs and motives
and "What am I like?". Self-knowledge requires both self-awareness and self-consciousness (aware of the fact that one is self-aware). While young infants
Self-knowledge_(psychology)
Psychological and sociological phenomenon
The women-are-wonderful effect is the phenomenon found in psychological and sociological research which suggests that people associate more positive attributes
Women-are-wonderful_effect
Military forces of Japan
The Japan Self-Defense Forces (Japanese: 自衛隊, Hepburn: Jieitai; JSDF) are the military forces of Japan. The JSDF comprises the Japan Ground Self-Defense
Japan_Self-Defense_Forces
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
Self-replication is any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical or similar copy of itself. Biological cells, given suitable
Self-replication
Statistical measure used in survey research
In survey research, the design effect is a number that shows how well a sample of people may represent a larger group of people for a specific measure
Design_effect
Societal phenomenon
with donations or voluntary work in campaigns. The bandwagon effect works through a self-reinforcing mechanism, and can spread quickly and on a large
Bandwagon_effect
has been mentioned in several liberal democratic constitutions. It is referenced either in the form of denunciation (as is the case in the Croatian, Hungarian
Liberal democratic constitutions with references to socialism
Liberal_democratic_constitutions_with_references_to_socialism
1841 essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson
the "aboriginal self on which a universal reliance may be grounded". Emerson emphasizes the importance of individualism and its effect on a person's satisfaction
Self-Reliance
Concept in social psychology
consensus effect and the fundamental attribution error. There is a difference between self-construal and construal in a social atmosphere. While self-construal
Construal
Development of one's virtues
between inner and outer self, thus the cumulative effect brought by Confucian self-cultivation is not just limited to one's self or person, but extends
Self-cultivation
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SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
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SELF REFERENCE-EFFECT
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