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Term
Pixel buffer or pBuffer is a feature in OpenGL and OpenGL ES platform interfaces which allows for off-screen rendering. It is specified as an extension
Pixel_buffer
Data buffer in graphics hardware
stencil buffer is an extra data buffer, in addition to the color buffer and Z-buffer, found on modern graphics hardware. The buffer is per pixel and works
Stencil_buffer
Portion of random-access memory containing a bitmap that drives a video display
are located in the off-screen buffer. The information in the buffer typically consists of color values for every pixel to be shown on the display. Color
Framebuffer
Type of data buffer in computer graphics
existing geometry behind which it might be hidden. When using a z-buffer, a pixel can be culled (discarded) as soon as its depth is known, which makes
Z-buffering
3D computer graphics image rendering method
the visible pixels in a final stage. The main advantage of scanline rendering over Z-buffering is that the number of times visible pixels are processed
Scanline_rendering
Rendering issue in 3D modeling
near-similar or identical values in the z-buffer, which keeps track of depth. This then means that when a specific pixel is being rendered, it is ambiguous which
Z-fighting
Computer graphics rendering technique
pixel-by-pixel. Deferred shading is a per-pixel shading technique that has recently become feasible for games. With deferred shading, a "g-buffer" is
Per-pixel_lighting
Type of program in computer graphics
of the fragment (for Z-buffering), or output more than one color if multiple render targets are active. In 3D graphics, a pixel shader alone cannot produce
Shader
Cross-platform graphics API
for GLSL 1.10. Release date: July 2, 2006 OpenGL 2.1 adds support for Pixel Buffer Objects, sRGB textures and GLSL 1.20. Before the release of OpenGL 3
OpenGL
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
effectively being buffered. Caching almost always involves some form of buffering, while strict buffering does not necessarily involve caching. A buffer is a temporary
Cache_(computing)
typically minimised by scene sorting. Stencil buffer A buffer storing an integer value for each according screen pixel, used e.g. to mask out specific operations
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
algorithm at each pixel is expensive. A-buffer method provides moderate quality results in moderate cost of computation. A-buffer helps in using visibility
A-buffer
Screen-space shading technique
the geometry buffer (G-buffer) using "render to texture". After this, a pixel shader computes the direct and indirect lighting at each pixel using the information
Deferred_shading
2026 Android smartphone developed by Google
The Pixel 11 is an Android-based smartphone designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Google as part of the Google Pixel product line. It serves
Pixel_11
2025 Android smartphones developed by Google
The Pixel 10 Pro and Pixel 10 Pro XL are a pair of flagship Android-based smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Google as part of the Google
Pixel_10_Pro
Use of more than one buffer to hold a block of data
In computer science, multiple buffering is the use of more than one buffer to hold a block of data, so that a "reader" will see a complete (though perhaps
Multiple_buffering
2026 Android smartphones developed by Google
The Pixel 11 Pro and Pixel 11 Pro XL are a pair of flagship Android-based smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Google as part of the Google
Pixel_11_Pro
Topics referred to by the same term
observatory on the Isle of Portland, in Dorset, UK Pixel buffer objects, used for asynchronous pixel transfer operations in OpenGL Push Button Objects
PBO
Producing images of 3D scenes
plentiful, and a z-buffer is almost always used for real-time rendering. A drawback of the basic z-buffer algorithm is that each pixel ends up either entirely
Rendering_(computer_graphics)
Display system intended to replace X11
the display of pixel buffers on the screen, and the server (compositor) is the service provider controlling the display of these buffers. The Wayland reference
Wayland_(protocol)
Visibility in 3D computer graphics
generality the term pixel is used) is checked against an existing depth value. If the current pixel is behind the pixel in the Z-buffer, the pixel is rejected
Hidden-surface_determination
Image sensor, consisting of an integrated circuit
An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active
Active-pixel_sensor
fragment is the data necessary to generate a single pixel's worth of a drawing primitive in the frame buffer. These data may include, but are not limited to:
Fragment_(computer_graphics)
Implementation of an ambient occlusion illumination in computer graphics
implemented as a pixel shader, analyzing the scene depth buffer which is stored in a texture. For every pixel on the screen, the pixel shader samples the
Screen space ambient occlusion
Screen_space_ambient_occlusion
Software library
CLUTTER_BACKEND=wayland cheese gdk-pixbuf is a toolkit for image loading and pixel buffer manipulation. The library provides image loading and saving facilities
GDK
Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server program
server's frame buffer against its copy to see which pixel regions have changed (and hence need to be sent to the VNC viewers.) Reading pixel data from the
X11vnc
Open source compositing software
(ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, ARB_shader_objects, ARB_vertex_buffer_object, ARB_pixel_buffer_object). 32 bit floating point linear color processing pipeline:
Natron_(software)
API used in Microsoft DirectX for 3D rendering
a depth value to be written to the depth buffer. Output-Merger: Merges various types of output data (pixel shader values, alpha blending, depth/stencil
Direct3D
Procedure to convert 3D scenes to 2D images
distinctiveness. Each fragment corresponds to one pixel in the frame buffer and this corresponds to one pixel of the screen. These can be colored (and possibly
Graphics_pipeline
Data used for bitwise operations
GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) { // Clear color buffer. } if ((bits & GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) != 0) { // Clear depth buffer. } if ((bits & GL_ACCUM_BUFFER_BIT)
Mask_(computing)
Window manager for Microsoft Windows
manager, meaning that each program has a buffer that it writes data to; DWM then composites each program's buffer into a final image. By comparison, the
Desktop_Window_Manager
clients in a 3D scene. The application window is drawn off-screen in a pixel buffer, and the graphics card renders it into the 3D scene. This can have the
History of the graphical user interface
History_of_the_graphical_user_interface
average the pixels in each bucket to get the final color palette. k-d tree Heckbert, P. (1982). "Color Image Quantization for Frame Buffer Display". ACM
Median_cut
Series of Graphics Cards
configured into 4 Megabytes for frame buffer(s) and Z-buffer and 4 or 8 Megabytes texture memory. 90 million fully featured pixels/sec sustained fill rate for bilinear
Voodoo2
Technique to manage digital images' colors in a limited fashion
Amiga video buffer are arranged as a series of bit planes (in a configuration called planar), in which the related bits of a single pixel are split among
Indexed_color
Computer graphic techniques
geometry per-pixel, after rasterisation. For exact results this requires storing all fragments before sorting and compositing. The A-buffer is a computer
Order-independent transparency
Order-independent_transparency
Bitmap image file format family
and released on June 15, 1987. The format can contain up to 8 bits per pixel, allowing a single image to reference its own palette of up to 256 different
GIF
Video compression method for HDMI and DisplayPort links
control algorithm tracks color flatness and buffer fullness to adjust the quantization bit depth for a pixel group in a way that minimizes compression artifacts
Display_Stream_Compression
Google core for computational photography
The Pixel Visual Core (PVC) is a series of ARM-based system in package (SiP) image processors designed by Google. The PVC is a fully programmable image
Pixel_Visual_Core
Technique for increasing apparent display resolution
"sub-pixels". The bytes that comprise the Apple II high-resolution screen buffer contain seven visible bits (each corresponding directly to a pixel) and
Subpixel_rendering
Element representing a value on a grid in three dimensional space
value on a three-dimensional regular grid, akin to the two-dimensional pixel. Voxels are frequently used in the visualization and analysis of medical
Voxel
Display controller
12-13 of the frame buffer address came from row address bits RA0-RA1, providing a vertical resolution of 348 pixels from 87 four-pixel-high "lines"; the
Motorola_6845
GPU for mobile devices, used by Nintendo on their 3DS consoles
3Mpolygon/s @200 MHz Power consumption: 0.5-1.0 mW/MHz Frame Buffer max. 4095×4095 pixels Supported pixel formats: RGBA4444, RGB565, RGBA5551, RGBA8888 Vertex
PICA200
Commonly used display resolutions
(display resolution) of an electronic visual display device, measured in pixels. This information is used for electronic devices such as a computer monitor
Display_resolution_standards
2026 Android mobile operating system
The EyeDropper API allows applications to request a color value from any pixel on the display without needing broad screen-capture permissions. This is
Android_17
Clock deviation from perfect periodicity
2022-10-09. Khvilivitzky, Alexander (2008). "Pixel Jitter in Frame Grabbers". Retrieved 2015-03-09. "Jitter Buffer". Archived from the original on 2006-05-07
Jitter
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
mode; the video buffer contains a packed-pixel bitmap (eight pixels per byte, one bit per pixel) with the same byte format—including the pixel-to-bit mapping
Hercules_Graphics_Card
Series of GPUs by Nvidia
super-sample only the Z-buffers and stencil buffers, and using that information get greater geometry detail needed to determine if a pixel covers more than one
GeForce_3_series
2023 APS-C mirrorless camera
including its 24.2-megapixel APS-C CMOS sensor, DIGIC X processor, Dual Pixel CMOS AF II focus system, and 2.36-million-dot OLED electronic viewfinder
Canon_EOS_R50
texture) to the FBO. Bind the native window FrameBuffer (id=0) Render the texture to screen with a pixel shader, dependent on both the Color information
Framebuffer_object
Software package
back the rendered pixels at the appropriate time (usually by monitoring glXSwapBuffers() or glFinish()) and then draws those pixels into application's
VirtualGL
Computer display mode based on characters
screen buffer only stores and knows about the underlying text characters (hence the name "text mode") and the only location where the actual pixels representing
Text_mode
Standard for transmitting digital video to a display
dual link mode Bits per pixel: 24 bits per pixel support is mandatory in all resolutions supported. Less than 24 bits per pixel is optional. Dual link
Digital_Visual_Interface
rasterization (which only samples pixel centers) would fail to test triangles against all relevant samples. The irregular z-buffer can be used for any application
Irregular_z-buffer
Method to draw shadows in computer graphic images
Shadows are created by testing whether a pixel is visible from the light source, by comparing the pixel to a z-buffer or depth image of the light source's
Shadow_mapping
Graphic modes of the ZX Spectrum computer
immediately higher addresses. The entire frame buffer is 6912 bytes in size, and consists of the pixel bitmap followed by the attributes array. The remaining
ZX_Spectrum_graphic_modes
Computer-based generation of digital images
In particular the canvas may be the frame buffer for a computer display. Some programs will set the pixel colors directly, but most will rely on some
2D_computer_graphics
2023 Android mobile operating system
October 4, 2023. The first devices to ship with Android 14 are the Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro. As of October 2026[update], 11.51% of Android devices run Android
Android_14
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
monitor. Text modes: 40 × 25 with 8 × 8 pixel font (effective resolution of 320 × 200) 80 × 25 with 8 × 8 pixel font (effective resolution of 640 × 200)
Color_Graphics_Adapter
sourcing Resolutions: Progressive: 256×224 to 640×240 pixels Interlaced: 256×448 to 640×512 pixels Acceptable video modes: 15kHz, 24kHz, 31kHz Colors: Maximum
PlayStation technical specifications
PlayStation_technical_specifications
Low-level graphics API for rendering 2D and 3D.
color buffers, transparency buffers (alpha), stencil buffers, and depth buffers. The CGL function CGLChoosePixelFormat is used to perform this buffer compatibility
Core_OpenGL
feature called "Render to Vertex Buffer (R2VB)" that provides functionality that is an alternative Vertex Texture Fetch. 1 Pixel shaders : Vertex shaders :
List of AMD graphics processing units
List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units
Image also containing data on distances of objects from the camera
viewpoint. The term is related (and may be analogous) to depth buffer, Z-buffer, Z-buffering, and Z-depth. The "Z" in these latter terms relates to a convention
Depth_map
Fast change of brightness of screens
than to directly set each pixel to its final value. When it is not feasible to set each pixel only once, double buffering can be used. This creates an
Flicker_(screen)
Algorithm for visible surface determination in 3D graphics
development of Z-buffer techniques, which can be viewed as a development of the painter's algorithm by resolving depth conflicts on a pixel-by-pixel basis, reducing
Painter's_algorithm
Video-sharing platform
Information Technologies Anvato Apigee Apture BandPage BeatThatQuote.com Bitium BufferBox Bump BumpTop Crashlytics Dodgeball DoubleClick Dropcam Endoxon fflick
YouTube
read/write) Pixel configuration: RGB:alpha, 24:8, 15:1; 16-, 24-, or 32-bit Z-buffer Display color depth: 32-bit (RGBA: 8 bits each) Pixel/Texel pipelines:
PlayStation 2 technical specifications
PlayStation_2_technical_specifications
Image processing methods
directly to the display, the scene is first rendered to a buffer in the memory of the video card. Pixel shaders and optionally vertex shaders are then used
Video_post-processing
GPU whose shading hardware has equal capabilities for all stages of rendering
rendering pipeline (geometry, vertex, pixel, etc.) have the same capabilities. They can all read textures and buffers, and they use instruction sets that
Unified_shader_model
Mobile network operator owned by Google
2016. It began to work with additional device models, including the Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones, on October 4, 2016. On November 28, 2018, Google rebranded
Google_Fi_Wireless
Defunct computer company
pointer was used, with the pointer bitmap being stored in its own 64-pixel buffer as a kind of overlay, this being combined with the main display image
Whitechapel_Computer_Works
Integrated circuit for rapid data synchronization
not byte aligned (hence the bit in bit blit), handling transparent pixels (pixels which should not overwrite the destination), and various ways of combining
Blitter
Feature of modern graphics processing units
time-consuming. With MRT, a programmer creates a pixel shader that returns an output value for each render target. This pixel shader then renders to all render targets
Multiple_Render_Targets
Technique for reducing low-resolution image distortion
sub-pixels per pixel, including full color information for each sub-pixel. Some information may be shared between the sub-pixels (such as the Z-buffer.)
Spatial_anti-aliasing
Term for two forms of anti-aliasing
vectors are maintained in the G-buffer, allowing the location of each pixel in the previous frame to be calculated. The pixel at that location in the previous
Temporal_anti-aliasing
File format
It stores pixels as one byte each for RGB (red, green, and blue) values with a one byte shared exponent. Thus it stores four bytes per pixel. RGBE allows
RGBE_image_format
2022 Android mobile operating system
WiFi 7, which is intended to decrease latency, buffering, lag, and congestion. As of Beta 2, the Pixel Launcher includes a new "unified" search bar that
Android_13
Virtual keyboard app for Android and iOS
messaging. Grammar correction was introduced in October 2021, first on the Pixel 6 series. In September 2025, an AI writing tool was added to Gboard, which
Gboard
Method of compromising a host OS though the VM
folders feature for VMware CVE-2008-1943 Xen Para Virtualized Frame Buffer backend buffer overflow. CVE-2009-1244 Cloudburst: VM display function in VMware
Virtual_machine_escape
Photo storage service
(compressed items uploaded before June 1, 2021, along with items uploaded via Pixel phones released before that date, are unlimited). Users can expand their
Google_Photos
Computer graphics design system for retained mode command storage and execution
unused bytes between each byte of pixel data. This suits how the text-orientated PCW constructs a typical screen buffer in RAM, where the first character's
Display_list
Type of halftoning
values of the pixel’s RGB channels. The algorithm employs a serpentine scan instead of a traditional raster scan and modifies the error buffer, leading to
Error_diffusion
Type of voltage sampling device
signal, the switch connects the capacitor to the output of a buffer amplifier. The buffer amplifier charges or discharges the capacitor so that the voltage
Sample_and_hold
Spatial anti-aliasing method
amount of buffer used is several times larger. A way around this problem is to use a technique known as adaptive supersampling, where only pixels at the
Supersampling
2023 full-frame mirrorless camera
PetaPixel criticized the lack of CFexpress 4.0 or CFexpress Type B support, with the camera's CFexpress 2.0 Type A slots imposing a bottleneck on buffer readout
Sony_α9_III
2024 full-frame mirrorless camera
lower noise and higher resolution 30.0 fps shooting with 400 JPEG image buffer (or 240 compressed RAW) Burst shooting and pre-capture 0.03s-1s 120 times
Sony_α1_II
2015 Android mobile operating system
LG-produced Nexus 5X, the Huawei-produced Nexus 6P, alongside Google's own Pixel C tablet. Android 6.0 updates and factory images for Nexus 5, 6, 7 (2013)
Android_Marshmallow
Computer arithmetic error
for a buffer, the buffer will be allocated unexpectedly small, potentially leading to a buffer overflow which, depending on the use of the buffer, might
Integer_overflow
Digital single-lens reflex camera
Ultra-compact and lightweight body Multi-CAM 4800DX 39-point autofocus system 2,016-pixel RGB metering sensor, used for 3D subject tracking in AF-C Sensitivity range
Nikon_D5500
Extended reality operating system
December 2021. In August 2021, following the announcement that the Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro smartphones would feature the custom-developed Tensor system-on-chip
Android_XR
based rendering Physics engine Picture plane Pixel Pixel art Pixel-art scaling algorithms Pixel density Pixel geometry Point cloud Polygon (computer graphics)
List of computer graphics and descriptive geometry topics
List_of_computer_graphics_and_descriptive_geometry_topics
2024 Android mobile operating system
code was released on September 3, 2024. Android 15 was released for Google Pixel devices on October 15, 2024. As of July 2026[update], 17.19% of Android
Android_15
2022 smartphone by Apple
with Super Retina XDR OLED technology at a resolution of 2532 × 1170 pixels and a pixel density of about 460 PPI with a refresh rate of 60 Hz. The iPhone
IPhone_14
Image recognition tool developed by Google
Google Pixel 2, not yet widely available for other devices. In November 2017, the feature began rolling out into the Google Assistant for Pixel and Pixel 2
Google_Lens
Hardware component of GPUs which calculates final pixel values
in the rendering process of modern graphics cards. The pixel pipelines take pixel (each pixel is a dimensionless point) and texel information and process
Render_output_unit
Graphics chip used in the Nintendo Wii
243 MHz graphics chip 3 MB embedded GPU memory (eDRAM) 2 MB dedicated to Z-buffer and framebuffer 1 MB texture cache 24 MB 1T-SRAM @ 486 MHz (3.9 GB/s) directly
Hollywood_(graphics_chip)
Raster graphics file format
Macintosh systems use the "TPIC" type code). The format itself permits any pixel bit depth up to 255, of which up to 15 bits can be dedicated to an alpha
Truevision_TGA
Computer graphics standard from 1987
actual text buffer. For computers in the 1980s, very fast manipulation of the text buffer, with the hardware generating the individual pixels as fast as
VGA_text_mode
Brand of graphics hardware and software
fillrate and texture bandwidth on pixels that are not visible in the final image. Recent advances in hierarchical Z-buffering have effectively incorporated
PowerVR
Rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction
memory area holds the values for each pixel on the screen. These values are retrieved from the refresh buffer and painted onto the screen one row at
Raster_scan
travel, tourism, insurance
PIXEL BUFFER
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travel, tourism, insurance