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Type of speciation
In biology, parallel speciation is a type of speciation where there is repeated evolution of reproductively isolating traits via the same mechanisms occurring
Parallel_speciation
Evolutionary process
is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy,
Speciation
Evolution of a new species from an ancestor in the same location
explains the derivation. Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic modes of speciation. Allopatric speciation is the evolution of species caused
Sympatric_speciation
Form of speciation from isolation
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene
Ecological_speciation
Theory in evolutionary biology
especially peripatric speciation as applied to the fossil record. Although the sudden appearance of species and its relationship to speciation was proposed and
Punctuated_equilibrium
periods. This isolation acts as a precursor to allochronic speciation, a type of speciation which results when two populations of a species become isolated
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Similar evolution in distinct species
Parallel evolution is the similar development of a trait in distinct species that are not closely related, but share a similar original trait in response
Parallel_evolution
Mode of speciation in evolutionary biology
Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population. Since peripatric speciation resembles
Peripatric_speciation
Speciation within a population where subpopulations are reproductively isolated
"stepping-stone" (discrete populations), and stasipatric speciation in concordance with most of the parapatric speciation literature. Henceforth, the models are subdivided
Parapatric_speciation
Accumulation of genetic differences
between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to speciation. Divergent evolution is typically exhibited when two populations become
Divergent_evolution
Process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species
niches. Starting with a single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different
Adaptive_radiation
Speciation that occurs between geographically isolated populations
Allopatric speciation (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) 'other' and πατρίς (patrís) 'fatherland') – also called geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or
Allopatric_speciation
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Speciation has been observed multiple times under both controlled laboratory conditions and in nature. In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation results
Evolution
Sudden and large mutational change
can produce rapid changes in the genome. Saltational speciation, also known as abrupt speciation, is the discontinuity in a lineage that occurs through
Saltation_(biology)
Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species
evolution. According to Hautmann, speciation has both micro- and macroevolutionary aspects. Specifically, speciation also involves the classic process
Macroevolution
Independent evolution of similar features
related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evolution, which occurs when two independent species evolve in the same
Convergent_evolution
Form of speciation involving hybridization between two different species
Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation where hybridization between two different species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent
Hybrid_speciation
Species of seaweed
H.; Kautsky, L.; Jonsson, P. R.; Johannesson, K. (2013-08-01). "Parallel speciation or long-distance dispersal? Lessons from seaweeds (Fucus) in the
Fucus_radicans
Process of increasing reproductive isolation
process of speciation. This process of speciation influenced by natural selection is reinforcement, and can happen under any mode of speciation (e.g. geographic
Reinforcement_(speciation)
Non-technical overview of the subject of biological evolution
have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution
Introduction_to_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
or above the level of species Speciation – Evolutionary process Natural speciation Allopatric speciation – Speciation that occurs between geographically
Outline_of_evolution
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
heuristics may be employed to make the calculation faster or more robust. The speciation heuristic penalizes crossover between candidate solutions that are too
Genetic_algorithm
Evolutionary process
such as the different species of Darwin's finches. The other process is speciation, in which new species arise, typically through reproductive isolation
Adaptation
Theory in evolutionary biology
Phyletic gradualism is a model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual. When evolution occurs in this mode, it is
Phyletic_gradualism
part of that century. Since then, research on speciation has expanded immensely. The language of speciation has grown more complex. Debate over classification
History_of_speciation
Study of the evolution of life
poorly accounted for in the modern evolutionary synthesis. These include speciation, the evolution of sexual reproduction, the evolution of cooperation, the
Evolutionary_biology
Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long
1962 paper where he coined the term "Catastrophic Speciation" to describe this mode of speciation, since he theorized that the reductions in population
Quantum_evolution
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation
Natural_selection
Transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
ISBN 978-0-521-63985-9. Stankowski S (May 2013). "Ecological speciation in an island snail: evidence for the parallel evolution of a novel ecotype and maintenance by
Gene_flow
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
affect speciation and extinction rates, and (b) strict-sense species selection, where species-level traits (e.g. geographical range) affect speciation and
Microevolution
Behavioral theory
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
1859 book on evolution by Charles Darwin
formed in isolated populations only, as on islands, to an emphasis on speciation without isolation; that is, he saw increasing specialisation within large
On_the_Origin_of_Species
Religious rejection of evolution
with species, but most now accept that speciation can occur: not only is the evidence overwhelming for speciation, but the millions of species now in existence
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
French naturalist (1744–1829)
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck
Concept in genetics
small, newly isolated populations with his shifting balance theory of speciation. Following after Wright, Ernst Mayr created many persuasive models to
Genetic_drift
Breeding for desired characteristics
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Selective_breeding
Scientific view of guided evolution by God
intervals in history in a way consistent with scientific explanations of speciation, with similarities to the ideas of progressive creationism that God created
Theistic_evolution
Expected reproductive success
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Fitness_(biology)
Subfield of genetics
Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure. Population genetics was a vital ingredient
Population_genetics
Science of classifying organisms
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Taxonomy_(biology)
Species having two or more distinct forms
significance of geographical variation is that it may lead to allopatric speciation, whereas true polymorphism takes place in panmictic populations. The term
Polymorphism_(biology)
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
separation of populations of species into sets of new species (speciation). Speciation has been observed in the lab and in nature. Multiple forms of such
Evidence_of_common_descent
Idea that an animal's developmental stages resemble its evolutionary ancestors
favored a weaker version of the formula, according to which ontogeny parallels phylogeny because the two are subject to similar external constraints
Recapitulation_theory
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
speciation rate coupled with divergence of morphological features that are directly related to ecological habits; these radiations involve speciation
Evolutionary_radiation
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population.
Common_descent
Measure of evolutionary success
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Inclusive_fitness
Overview article
Reinforcement is a process within speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species by reducing
Evidence for speciation by reinforcement
Evidence_for_speciation_by_reinforcement
Concept in evolutionary biology
reproduction) at the level of individuals, and the positive correlation between speciation and extinction rates in most higher taxa. In 1973, Leigh Van Valen proposed
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Fitness_landscape
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
Koinophilia could explain both the horizontal and vertical manifestations of speciation, and why it, as a general rule, involves the entire external appearance
Koinophilia
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
Schweber, S.S. (1989). "John Herschel and Charles Darwin: A study in parallel lives". Journal of the History of Biology. 22 (1): 1–71. doi:10.1007/bf00209603
Genetic_variation
Speciation arising from change in breeding time
Allochronic speciation (also known as allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form of speciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising
Allochronic_speciation
Evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolution_of_cells
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, the evolution of development, and patterns and processes underlying genomic
Molecular_evolution
Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms
depict evolution because such diagrams effectively convey the concept that speciation occurs through the adaptive and semirandom splitting of lineages. The
Phylogenetic_tree
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Recent_human_evolution
Shared ancestry between DNA, RNA or protein sequences
During speciation, one environment will favor a mutation in gene A (gene A1), producing a new species with genes A1 and B. Then in a separate speciation event
Sequence_homology
Total number of genetic characteristics in a species
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Genetic_diversity
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
explanations for: populations changing over generations gradual change speciation natural selection common descent Since Darwin, evolution has become a
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Theory of the "selfish gene"
causes them to spiral into the light source if the rays happen not to be parallel)?’, we should not have been so puzzled. — Dawkins, 1982, chapter 3 Green-beard
Gene-centered view of evolution
Gene-centered_view_of_evolution
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
about an extension of the modern synthesis based on new research from speciation. In the 1980s, entomologist Ryuichi Matsuda coined the term "pan-environmentalism"
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
Hypothesis in evolutionary biology
a major driving force behind the processes in evolution which produce speciation. In evolutionary theory, the court jester hypothesis contrasts the Red
Court_jester_hypothesis
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Crown_group
18th and 19th-century evolutionary ideas
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Transmutation_of_species
Subdiscipline of biology regarding social behavior
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Sociobiology
Interdisciplinary study
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolutionary_anthropology
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population
Fei; Wu, Hong (2013-05-14). "The genomics of selection in dogs and the parallel evolution between dogs and humans". Nature Communications. 4: 1860. Bibcode:2013NatCo
Evolutionary_pressure
Family of fishes
allopatric speciation, whereby species diverge according to different selection pressures in different geographical areas, or through sympatric speciation, by
Cichlid
Origin and diversification of reptiles through geologic time
Recent paleogenetic discoveries show that tuataras are prone to quick speciation. The most recent order of reptiles, squamates, are recognized by having
Evolution_of_reptiles
Application of Darwinian theory to other fields
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Universal_Darwinism
Largest genus of plants in the mint family
parental population and new speciation can occur. It is believed that the lever mechanism is a key factor in the speciation, adaptive radiation, and diversity
Salvia
Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolutionary_linguistics
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Phylogenetics
the term, macroevolution means evolution at or above the species level. Speciation has been observed and documented. Published as Isaak 2007, pp. 87–88 Dawkins
Objections_to_evolution
adaptive radiation – allele – allele frequency – allochronic speciation – allopatric speciation – altruism – anagenesis – anti-predator adaptation – applications
Index of evolutionary biology articles
Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles
Mutually adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite
allopatric diversity, potentially enhancing biodiversity and possibly speciation. Host–parasite coevolution may also affect the underlying genetics, for
Host–parasite_coevolution
Study of the evolution of nervous systems
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolutionary_neuroscience
Study of evolution on morality or ethics
not deprive ethical norms of independent and objective truth-values. A parallel with general theoretical principles exists, which being unchangeable in
Evolutionary_ethics
Measure used in population genetics
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Selection_coefficient
Variation in support for the theory of evolution
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Level of support for evolution
Level_of_support_for_evolution
Monetary system based on the value of gold
in specie-deficient will attract spending from specie-rich countries, until price levels in both places equalize again. In practice, however, specie flows
Gold_standard
Self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Digital_organism
Subfield of genetics that studies biological invasions
European species of the genus Tragopogon to North America had led to hybrid speciation; this example was also discussed by Herbert G. Baker in The Genetics of
Invasion_genetics
Paraphyletic group of birds
disruptive selection, and is merely a stepping stone in the process of speciation, especially if the traits that define gender are independent across a
Bird_of_prey
emphasized the importance of allopatric speciation in the formation of new species. This form of speciation occurs when the geographical isolation of
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Genus of flowering plants
central and eastern Africa are an almost ideal model system for studying speciation and adaptation in plants. The mountains rise far above the surrounding
Dendrosenecio
History of the field of study
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
History of molecular evolution
History_of_molecular_evolution
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
the wild members of this genus evolved through sympatric or parapatric speciation, whereas the domestic cat evolved through artificial selection. The genome
Cat
Shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa
ancestry. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of either a speciation event (orthologs) or a duplication event (paralogs). Homology among proteins
Homology_(biology)
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Creation and evolution in public education
Creation_and_evolution_in_public_education
Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
physiology Genetics Genomics of domestication Laboratory experiments of speciation Quantitative genetics Selection limits Selective breeding Tame Silver
Experimental_evolution
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Study of the ecology of isolated habitats
diversity, island biogeography most describes allopatric speciation. Allopatric speciation is where new gene pools arise out of natural selection in
Insular_biogeography
Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species
Coevolution Coextinction Convergent evolution Evolutionary developmental biology Parallel evolution King, R.C.; Stansfield, W.D.; Mulligan, P.K. 2006. A dictionary
Mosaic_evolution
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
unique human cognitive skills and low muscle performance, might reflect parallel mechanisms in human evolution." The Schöningen spears and their correlation
Early_modern_human
Species of butterfly
related species, H. melpomene has been the subject of extensive study on speciation and hybridization. These hybrids tend to have low fitness as they look
Heliconius_melpomene
Origin of three known varieties of flagella
Genetic drift Gene flow Speciation Adaptive radiation Cooperation Coevolution Coextinction Contingency Divergence Convergence Parallel evolution Extinction
Evolution_of_flagella
Genus of moths
Leebens-Mack, J., & Pellmyr, O. (2006). "Patterns of Speciation in the Yucca Moths: Parallel Species Radiations within the Tegeticula yuccasella Species
Tegeticula
Species of mammal
Pengpeng (2022). "Evolutionary Conservation Genomics Reveals Recent Speciation and Local Adaptation in Threatened Takins". Molecular Biology and Evolution
Takin
Species of grasshopper
reinforcement. This is one of the most significant pieces of evidences against speciation by reinforcement. Mating Nymph Immature Male, green with brown wings Female
Pseudochorthippus_parallelus
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Example; Allegory; Parable
Girl/Female
Biblical
Parables, governing.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
All's Well That Ends Well.' A follower of Bertram, Count of Rousillon.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name from Middle English combere, an agent derivative of Old English camb ‘comb’, referring perhaps to a maker or seller of combs, or to someone who used them to prepare wool or flax for spinning. This was an alternative process to carding, and caused the wool fibers to lie more or less parallel to one another, so that the cloth produced had a hard, smooth finish without a nap.English : variant of Coomber.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kommer or Kammer.
Biblical
parables; governing
Girl/Female
Biblical
A parable, governing.
Biblical
a parable; governing
Girl/Female
Muslim
Example, Allegory, Parable
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
Boy/Male
Hindu
One of the gods
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Flame
Boy/Male
Indian
Compassionate of Allah, Purity of Allah
Female
Greek
(Άκανθα) Greek name AKANTHA means "thorn." In mythology, this is the name of a nymph loved by Apollo.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Ideal Love
Girl/Female
Sikh
Absorbed in gods remembrance
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Telugu
Chanting
Boy/Male
English
Foreigner.
Boy/Male
French, German
Servant; Attendant
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Unique
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
PARALLEL SPECIATION
v. t.
To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.
a.
Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.
n.
One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.
a.
Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Parallel
v. t.
To render parallel.
n.
A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.
adv.
In a parallel manner; with parallelism.
n.
One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.
v. t.
To equal; to match; to correspond to.
n.
A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.
v. t.
To produce or adduce as a parallel.
v. t.
To represent by parable.
n.
A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ.
v. t.
Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.
a.
Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.
v. i.
To be parallel; to correspond; to be like.
a.
Meeting and intersecting, as lines; not parallel; -- opposed to parallel.
n.
A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
imp. & p. p.
of Parallel