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Technique in cryptography
Pairing-based cryptography is the use of a pairing between elements of two cryptographic groups to a third group with a mapping e : G 1 × G 2 → G T {\displaystyle
Pairing-based_cryptography
Bilinear map in mathematics
Franklin, Identity-Based Encryption from the Weil Pairing, SIAM J. of Computing, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 586–615, 2003. The Pairing-Based Crypto Library
Pairing
Cryptographic primitive
zero-knowledge proofs are based on mathematical constructs like elliptic curve cryptography or pairing-based cryptography, which allow for the creation
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
Non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof
Binary function non degenerative defined between the point of twist of an abelian variety
also been applied in elliptic curve cryptography and identity based encryption. Tate pairing Pairing-based cryptography Boneh–Franklin scheme Homomorphic
Weil_pairing
Approach to public-key cryptography
Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a
Public-key_cryptography
British cryptographer
for his work in elliptic curve cryptography, especially work on the ECDLP. He has also worked on pairing-based cryptography contributing a number of algorithms
Nigel_Smart_(cryptographer)
Israeli–American professor
Boneh is one of the principal contributors to the development of pairing-based cryptography, along with Matt Franklin of the University of California, Davis
Dan_Boneh
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
American mathematician (born 1947)
inventor of Miller's Algorithm which is of fundamental use in pairing-based cryptography. He is also one of the co-inventors of the Lagarias-Miller-Odlyzko
Victor_S._Miller
Digital signature scheme
a threshold scheme. Pairing-based cryptography Dan Boneh; Ben Lynn & Hovav Shacham (2004). "Short Signatures from the Weil Pairing". Journal of Cryptology
BLS_digital_signature
Computational hardness assumption
{\displaystyle \eta } . In symmetric pairing-based cryptography the group G {\displaystyle G} is equipped with a pairing e : G × G → T {\displaystyle e:G\times
Decision_Linear_assumption
& Frey (1994) applied the Tate pairing over finite fields to cryptography. Weil pairing Lichtenbaum, Stephen (1969), "Duality theorems for curves over
Tate_pairing
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies
Cryptography
Generalisation of public-key encryption
non-collusion-resistant notion of attribute-based encryption. ID-based encryption "What is Attribute-Based Encryption". Cryptography Stack Exchange. 2014. Herranz,
Attribute-based_encryption
Concept in cryptography
Hash-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives based on the security of hash functions. It is of interest as
Hash-based_cryptography
Computational hardness assumption used in elliptic curve cryptography
some pairing-based cryptographic protocols. In certain elliptic curve subgroups, the existence of an efficiently-computable bilinear map (pairing) can
XDH_assumption
Ryuichi; Kasahara, Masao (2003). "ID Based cryptosystems with pairing on elliptic curve" (PDF). Cryptography ePrint Archive. 2003/054. Chen, L.; Cheng
Sakai–Kasahara_scheme
Identity-based cryptography is a type of public-key cryptography in which a publicly known string representing an individual or organization is used as
Identity-based_cryptography
Brazilian-American cryptographer (born 1965)
works on elliptic curve cryptography and pairing-based cryptography, including the eta pairing technique, identity-based cryptographic protocols, and the family
Paulo_S._L._M._Barreto
Cryptography researcher
Jens Groth is a cryptographer known for his work on pairing-based cryptography and zero-knowledge proofs. He received a PhD in computer science from Aarhus
Jens_Groth
Class of integer sequences in mathematics
33–42. Springer, Berlin, 2002. K. Stange. The Tate pairing via elliptic nets. In Pairing-Based Cryptography (Tokyo, 2007), volume 4575 of Lecture Notes in
Elliptic divisibility sequence
Elliptic_divisibility_sequence
2008 video game
iMessage. On Metacritic, the game has a "mixed or average" rating of 74 based on five critics. Reception "8 Ball Pool". Metacritic. Retrieved October
8_Ball_Pool
Cryptographic scheme
{\displaystyle C} . A Kate–Zaverucha–Goldberg (KZG) commitment uses pairing-based cryptography to build a partial reveal scheme with O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle O(1)}
Commitment_scheme
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
file, which, when processed through a cryptographic algorithm, can encode or decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be different
Key_(cryptography)
It is an application of pairings (Weil pairing) over elliptic curves and finite fields. As the scheme is based upon pairings, all computations are performed
Boneh–Franklin_scheme
computational hardness assumption used in elliptic curve cryptography and pairing-based cryptography. It was first introduced to build a 2-DNF homomorphic
Sub-group_hiding
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem
Quantum_cryptography
Cryptographic remote authentication algorithm
Chen; Morrissey; Smart (2008). "Pairings in Trusted Computing". 2nd International Conference on Pairing-Based Cryptography. 5209: 1–17. Chen; Li (2010).
Direct_Anonymous_Attestation
Type of public-key encryption
Identity-based encryption (IBE), is an important primitive of identity-based cryptography. As such it is a type of public-key encryption in which the public
Identity-based_encryption
SM9 is a Chinese national cryptography standard for Identity Based Cryptography issued by the Chinese State Cryptographic Authority in March 2016. It
SM9_(cryptography_standard)
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
already known; finding any pair of different messages that yield the same hash value (a collision) is also infeasible: a cryptographic hash is expected to have
Cryptographic_hash_function
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical
History_of_cryptography
Award
ground-breaking contributions to the development of pairing-based cryptography and its application in identity-based encryption. 2013 David Blei For contributions
ACM_Prize_in_Computing
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
known to the recipient. Digital signatures are a type of public-key cryptography, and are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions
Digital_signature
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
encapsulation. In RSA-based cryptography, a user's private key—which can be used to sign messages, or decrypt messages sent to that user—is a pair of large prime
RSA_cryptosystem
Proving validity without revealing other data
various cryptographic primitives, such as hash-based cryptography, pairing-based cryptography, multi-party computation, or lattice-based cryptography. Generally
Zero-knowledge_proof
Koblitz, Neal; Menezes, Alfred (2005). "Pairing-Based cryptography at high security levels". Cryptography and Coding. Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Cryptographic_multilinear_map
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
exchange is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first protocols as conceived
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
protocol Padding (cryptography) • Padding oracle attack • Paillier cryptosystem • Pairing-based cryptography • Panama (cryptography) • Partitioning cryptanalysis
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
In cryptography, a pepper is a secret added to an input such as a password during hashing with a cryptographic hash function. This value differs from
Pepper_(cryptography)
Variant of ID-based cryptography
Certificateless cryptography is a variant of ID-based cryptography intended to prevent the key escrow problem. Ordinarily, keys are generated by a certificate
Certificateless_cryptography
Key derivation function
In cryptography, PBKDF1 and PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 1 and 2) are key derivation functions with a sliding computational cost, used
PBKDF2
Key agreement protocol
must be agreed upon. Also, each party must have a key pair suitable for elliptic curve cryptography, consisting of a private key d {\displaystyle d} (a
Elliptic-curve_Diffie–Hellman
Hypothesis in computational complexity theory
Multilinear Forms to Cryptography". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Dutta, Ratna; Barua, Rana; Sarkar, Palash (2004). "Pairing-Based Cryptographic Protocols : A Survey"
Computational hardness assumption
Computational_hardness_assumption
Encryption technique
one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than
One-time_pad
Cryptographic technique
Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted
Visual_cryptography
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
In cryptography, the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) offers a variant of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) which uses elliptic-curve
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Goldwasser, Silvio Micali to Receive 2012 ACM Turing Award for Advances in Cryptography - MIT Researchers' Innovations Became Gold Standard for Enabling Secure
List of University of California, Berkeley alumni
List_of_University_of_California,_Berkeley_alumni
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Type of code
smaller set of symbols, which is useful for telegraphy, steganography, and cryptography. The device was originally used for fire signalling, allowing for the
Polybius_square
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
been highly influential in the advancement of cryptography. Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm
Data_Encryption_Standard
Property of some cryptosystems
attack is equivalent to the property of semantic security, and many cryptographic proofs use these definitions interchangeably. A cryptosystem is considered
Ciphertext indistinguishability
Ciphertext_indistinguishability
Simple encryption method
Rome, and used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC (see timeline of cryptography). ROT13 may be referred to as Rotate13, ROT-13, rotate by 13 places,
ROT13
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is unknown. In
Cryptanalysis
Digital verification standard
system, while the second phase computes a single key pair for one user. Choose an approved cryptographic hash function H {\displaystyle H} with output length
Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Cryptographic method
verifications per second. Post-quantum cryptography Lattice-based cryptography NTRU NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Official website Thomas
Falcon_(signature_scheme)
IEEE standardization project for public-key cryptography
public-key cryptography. It includes specifications for: Traditional public-key cryptography (IEEE Std 1363-2000 and 1363a-2004) Lattice-based public-key
IEEE_P1363
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating
Message_authentication_code
"Pairings on hyperelliptic curves with a real model". In Galbraith, Steven D.; Paterson, Kenneth G. (eds.). Pairing-Based Cryptography – Pairing 2008
Real_hyperelliptic_curve
Attack against cryptographical hash functions
In cryptography and computer security, a length extension attack is a type of attack where an attacker can use Hash(message1) and the length of message1
Length_extension_attack
Short sequence of bytes used to authenticate or look up a longer public key
In public-key cryptography, a public key fingerprint is a short sequence of bytes used to identify a longer public key. Fingerprints are created by applying
Public_key_fingerprint
Secure communication method
distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol based on the laws of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum entanglement
Quantum_key_distribution
Cryptographic signature scheme
In cryptography, a Lamport signature or Lamport one-time signature scheme is a method for constructing a digital signature. Lamport signatures can be built
Lamport_signature
Digital signature scheme
In hash-based cryptography, the Merkle signature scheme is a digital signature scheme based on Merkle trees (also called hash trees) and one-time signatures
Merkle_signature_scheme
Quantum mechanics idea
field of quantum cryptography, it helps secure communication channels better. By utilizing swapped entanglements between particles' pairs, it is possible
Entanglement_swapping
Computational problem possibly useful for post-quantum cryptography
problem even on a quantum computer, RLWE based cryptography may form the fundamental base for public-key cryptography in the future just as the integer factorization
Ring_learning_with_errors
Suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service
In cryptography, a cryptosystem is a suite of cryptographic algorithms needed to implement a particular security service, such as confidentiality (encryption)
Cryptosystem
Hyperelliptic curve cryptography is similar to elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) insofar as the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve is an abelian group in
Hyperelliptic curve cryptography
Hyperelliptic_curve_cryptography
Secure network protocol suite
negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security
IPsec
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Polish decryption device
procedure, which seemed reasonably secure to the Germans, was nonetheless a cryptographic malpractice, since the first insights into Enigma encryption could be
Bomba_(cryptography)
Pseudorandom number generator
numbers as soon as it has booted. The generator is based on any good block cipher. Practical Cryptography suggests AES, Serpent or Twofish. The basic idea
Fortuna_(PRNG)
Server on which public keys are stored for others to use
an important role in public key cryptography. In public key cryptography an individual is able to generate a key pair, where one of the keys is kept private
Key_server_(cryptographic)
Public-key cryptosystem
In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is a public-key encryption algorithm based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher
ElGamal_encryption
Non-commutative cryptography is the area of cryptology where the cryptographic primitives, methods and systems are based on algebraic structures like semigroups
Non-commutative_cryptography
American computer scientist
the areas of cryptography and security. In cryptography, Shacham developed a scheme to digital signature scheme based on the Weil pairing with Dan Boneh
Hovav_Shacham
Public-key exchange protocol
from the National Security Agency's Suite B set of cryptographic standards. Alice has a key pair ( A , a ) {\displaystyle (A,a)} with A {\displaystyle
MQV
Encryption techniques where an adversary cannot prove that the plaintext data exists
In cryptography and steganography, plausibly deniable encryption describes encryption techniques where the existence of an encrypted file or message is
Deniable_encryption
Mechanism for authenticating cryptographic keys
In cryptography, a web of trust is a concept used in PGP, GnuPG, and other OpenPGP-compatible systems to establish the authenticity of the binding between
Web_of_trust
Early block substitution cipher
Playfair cipher is discovered in the footnotes of the story. Topics in cryptography No duplicate letters are allowed, and one letter is omitted (Q) or combined
Playfair_cipher
Cryptography attack
In cryptography, a padding oracle attack is an attack which uses the padding validation of a cryptographic message to decrypt the ciphertext. In cryptography
Padding_oracle_attack
Type of cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm that operates on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks. Block ciphers are the elementary
Block_cipher
In cryptography, an accumulator is a one way membership hash function. It allows users to certify that potential candidates are a member of a certain set
Accumulator_(cryptography)
Type of cryptographic attack
attack BHT Algorithm "Avoiding collisions, Cryptographic hash functions" (PDF). Foundations of Cryptography, Computer Science Department, Wellesley College
Birthday_attack
Technical standard
In cryptography, PKCS #1 is the first of a family of standards called Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS), published by RSA Laboratories. It provides
PKCS_1
Cryptographic hardware
In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed "Deep Crack") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998, to perform a brute
EFF_DES_cracker
Cryptographic hash function
Wikifunctions has an SHA-1 function. In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte)
SHA-1
The tables below compare cryptography libraries that deal with cryptography algorithms and have application programming interface (API) function calls
Comparison of cryptography libraries
Comparison_of_cryptography_libraries
Encryption protocol
distribution of normal cryptographic software completely impossible. CipherSaber was invented by Arnold Reinhold to keep strong cryptography in the hands of
CipherSaber
Swiss tech company
focuses on developing hardware random number generators based on quantum randomness, for cryptographic and security applications (quantum key generation) and
ID_Quantique
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
that he intentionally kept the general method secret, since he was a cryptographical adviser to his friend, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, during the
Vigenère_cipher
German cipher machine during World War II
is encrypted with a different cryptographic key, making it highly resistant to conventional cryptographic attacks based on patterns the keys leave in
Enigma_machine
Augmented password-authenticated key exchange protocol
Diffie–Hellman key exchange based on the client side having the user password and the server side having a cryptographic verifier derived from the password
Secure Remote Password protocol
Secure_Remote_Password_protocol
Subfield of cryptography
while keeping those inputs private. Unlike traditional cryptographic tasks, where cryptography assures security and integrity of communication or storage
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
Chip encryption algorithm by Intel
remove the feature in later versions. Building on improving asymmetric cryptography of the time and group keys, Intel Labs researched and then standardized
Enhanced_privacy_ID
Encryption algorithm
In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A ⊕ {\displaystyle
XOR_cipher
This glossary lists types of keys as the term is used in cryptography, as opposed to door locks. Terms that are primarily used by the U.S. National Security
Glossary of cryptographic keys
Glossary_of_cryptographic_keys
cryptography, cryptographic hash functions can be divided into two main categories. In the first category are those functions whose designs are based
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Computer security method
fields. Usually, this refers to mathematical proofs, which are common in cryptography. In such a proof, the capabilities of the attacker are defined by an
Provable_security
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Gleam of a jewel
Boy/Male
Indian
Loving, Caring, Daring
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Brave
Boy/Male
Afghan, African, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, Greek, Indian, Muslim
Brave
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Paul.Altered form, in the New Netherland Dutch community, of Paling. Compare Paulding.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : reduced form of Mannering.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Loving Caring, Daring
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian
Smiling
Boy/Male
Welsh
noble'.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Smiling
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman personal name Warin, derived from Germanic war(in) ‘guard’, and used as a short form of various compound names with this first element. Compare, for example, Warner 2. The name was popular in France and among the Normans, partly as a result of the popularity of the Carolingian lay Guérin de Montglave.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Smiling
Male
Egyptian
, the father of Hor-imhotep.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Boy/Male
Latin Teutonic
True.
Male
Welsh
Breton and Welsh form of Irish Gaelic Pádraig, PADRIG means "patrician; of noble descent."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Waring.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Loving, Caring, Daring
Girl/Female
British, English
Based
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : patronymic from the personal name Paul.
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
Male
Greek
(Ἀχαϊκός) Greek name ACHAÃKOS means "belonging to Achaia," a maritime region of northern Peloponnesus. In the bible, this is the name of a Christian who, together with Fortunatus and Stephanos, carried a letter from the Corinthians to Paul and back again.Â
Girl/Female
Latin
A nymph.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Brilliant, Another name for Agni
Boy/Male
German Latin
Abbreviation of Alfonso.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Eternal
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian
Crystal; Anointed; Christian; Ice
Boy/Male
Indian, Traditional
Blooming God
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Rajasthani, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
A Celestial Dancer; An Apsara; Shakuntala's Mother
Boy/Male
Tamil
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
PAIRING BASED-CRYPTOGRAPHY
a.
Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.
adv.
Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange.
n.
A pie; baked food.
n.
An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a room.
n.
A failing short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency; imperfection; weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; as, a mental failing.
n.
Wearing, or protected by, bases.
a.
Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.
a.
Reduced; lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated breath.
n.
Same as Prison base.
imp. & p. p.
of Base
v.
Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute.
n.
The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation.
n.
A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.
a.
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.
n.
A rustic play; -- called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.
a.
Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base shrubs.
n.
The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms.
a.
Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad-based.
a.
Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.
a.
Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.