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Hardware cache of a central processing unit
A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from
CPU_cache
Central computer component that executes instructions
components. Modern CPUs devote a lot of semiconductor area to caches and instruction-level parallelism to increase performance and to CPU modes to support
Central_processing_unit
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
When the cache client (a CPU, web browser, operating system) needs to access data presumed to exist in the backing store, it first checks the cache. If an
Cache_(computing)
Memory hierarchy concept applied to CPU caches with multiple levels
requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores. Cache hierarchy is a form
Cache_hierarchy
Algorithm for caching data
In computing, cache replacement policies (also known as cache replacement algorithms or cache algorithms) are optimizing instructions or algorithms which
Cache_replacement_policies
Computer component
address-translation cache. It is a part of the chip's memory-management unit (MMU). A TLB may reside between the CPU and the CPU cache, between CPU cache and the
Translation_lookaside_buffer
2025 processor developed by AMD
includes AMD's stacked 3D V-Cache, resulting in a total of around 128 MB of L3 cache and for a total of 145 MB of CPU cache. The processor has a default
AMD_Ryzen_9_9950X3D
Design decisions affecting processor cache speeds and sizes
Cache placement policies are policies that determine where a particular memory block can be placed when it goes into a CPU cache. A block of memory cannot
Cache_placement_policies
16 KB L1 cache 256 KB integrated L2 cache 60 MHz system bus clock rate Variants 150 MHz 0.35 μm process technology, (two die, a 0.35 μm CPU with 0.6 μm
List_of_Intel_processors
AMD brand of server microprocessors
support for larger amounts of RAM, support for ECC memory, and larger CPU cache. They also support multi-chip and dual-socket system configurations by
Epyc
Microprocessor security vulnerability
on Security and Privacy warned against a covert timing channel in the CPU cache and translation lookaside buffer (TLB). This analysis was performed under
Meltdown (security vulnerability)
Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)
the CPUs support DDR4-2933 in dual-channel mode. L1 cache: 96 KB (32 KB data + 64 KB instruction) per core. L2 cache: 512 KB per core. All the CPUs provide
List_of_AMD_Ryzen_processors
CoreWare CW33000-based core MIPS R3000A-compatible 32-bit RISC CPU MIPS R3051 with 5 KB L1 cache, running at 33.8688 MHz. The microprocessor was manufactured
PlayStation technical specifications
PlayStation_technical_specifications
Line of discontinued microprocessors made by Intel
supported both 32-bit and 64-bit x86 software. They typically include smaller CPU caches and fewer features, resulting in lower performance compared to Intel’s
Celeron
2020 AMD 7-nanometer processor microarchitecture
is composed of a single core complex (CCX) containing 8 CPU cores and 32 MB of shared L3 cache, this is in contrast to Zen 2 where each CCD is composed
Zen_3
Component that stores information
primary storage and static random-access memory (SRAM) used mainly for CPU cache. Most semiconductor memory is organized into memory cells each storing
Computer_memory
L1 cache: 64 KB (32 KB data + 32 KB instructions) per core. L2 cache: 256 KB per core. In addition to the Smart Cache (L3 cache), Haswell-H CPUs also
List_of_Intel_Core_processors
Technique for increasing efficiency in computer memory allocation
science, cache coloring (also known as page coloring) is the process of attempting to allocate free pages that are contiguous from the CPU cache's point
Cache_coloring
Assignment of a task to a given core of a CPU
called CPU pinning or cache affinity, enables the binding and unbinding of a process or a thread to a central processing unit (CPU) or a range of CPUs, so
Processor_affinity
Computer architecture where code and data each have a separate bus
very fast memory known as a CPU cache which holds recently accessed data. As long as the data that the CPU needs is in the cache, the performance is much
Harvard_architecture
Consumption of resources that is indirectly required to achieve a goal
files requires more overhead than a smaller number of large files. In a CPU cache, capacity is the maximum amount of data that it stores, including overhead
Overhead_(computing)
Program optimization approach in computing
is a program optimization approach motivated by efficient usage of the CPU cache, often used in video game development. The approach is to focus on the
Data-oriented_design
Microprocessor with more than one processing unit
peripheral functions into the chip. The proximity of multiple CPU cores on the same die allows the cache coherency circuitry to operate at a much higher clock
Multi-core_processor
Intel microprocessor
266, 300 MHz L1 cache: 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions) L2 cache: 512 KB, as external chips on the CPU module clocked at half the CPU frequency. Packaging:
Pentium_II
Linux kernel patch protecting against cold boot attacks
solutions for general-purpose computers. The other, called "frozen cache" uses the CPU cache instead. It was developed from its predecessor AESSE, presented
TRESOR
Computer memory architecture
historically. Some CPUs include additional levels of cache between L3 and memory. For example, the Haswell microarchitecture includes an L4 cache of 128 MB on
Memory_hierarchy
component compromises the way another component works. cache A small and fast buffer memory between the CPU and the main memory. Reduces access time for frequently
Glossary of computer hardware terms
Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms
Instruction for x86 microprocessors
49h indicates a level-3 cache on GenuineIntel Family 0Fh Model 6 (Pentium 4 based Xeon) CPUs, and a level-2 cache on other CPUs. Intel's CPUID documentation
CPUID
Computer processing technique to boost memory performance
Cache prefetching is a technique used by central processing units (CPUs) to boost execution performance by fetching instructions or data from their primary
Cache_prefetching
Computer architecture treating code and data similarly, though not usually identically
are stored in the same memory system and (without the complexity of a CPU cache) must be accessed in turn. The physical separation of instruction and
Modified_Harvard_architecture
Brand of microprocessors by AMD
Athlon's CPU cache consisted of the typical two levels. Athlon was the first x86 processor with a 128 KB split level-1 cache; a 2-way associative cache separated
Athlon
Feature of computer systems
problems. Imagine a CPU equipped with a cache and an external memory that can be accessed directly by devices using DMA. When the CPU accesses location
Direct_memory_access
2024 AMD 4-nanometer processor microarchitecture
2nd Gen AMD 3D V-Cache™ Technology [...] 64MB L3 Cache Die Crider, Michael (April 8, 2026). "The new Ryzen 9: Did AMD just announce a CPU for exactly no
Zen_5
Hardware
A CPU cache is a piece of hardware that reduces access time to data in memory by keeping some part of the frequently used data of the main memory in a
Cache performance measurement and metric
Cache_performance_measurement_and_metric
Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip
it feasible to integrate memory on the same die as the processor. This CPU cache has the advantage of faster access than off-chip memory and increases
Microprocessor
Type of computer memory
silicon area and cost. Typically, SRAM is used for the cache and internal registers of a CPU while DRAM is used for a computer's main memory. Semiconductor
Static_random-access_memory
Successor to the Intel 386
the Intel 386. It represents the fourth generation of binary compatible CPUs following the 8086 of 1978, the Intel 80286 of 1982, and 1985's i386. It
I486
Quickly accessible working storage available as part of a digital processor
minimum number of registers required to evaluate that expression tree. CPU cache Quantum register Register allocation Register file Shift register "What
Processor_register
Computer memory that loses its contents when unpowered
the storage capabilities of the DRAM family. SRAM is commonly used as CPU cache and for processor registers and in networking devices. Non-volatile memory
Volatile_memory
Series of systems-on-a-chip designed by Apple
connected with UltraFusion Interconnect with a total of 20 CPU cores and 96 MB system level cache (SLC). The M1 integrates an Apple designed eight-core (seven
Apple_M1
The following is a list of Intel CPU microarchitectures. Intel has produced many generations of CPU microarchitectures since the 1970s, spanning x86 processors
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures
Open standard processor interconnection for data centers
loads/stores. CXL.cache – defines interactions between a host and a device, allows peripheral devices to coherently access and cache host CPU memory with a
Compute_Express_Link
Intel processor microarchitecture
eDRAM is a Level 4 cache; it is shared dynamically between the on-die GPU and CPU, and serving as a victim cache to the CPU's Level 3 cache. New sockets and
Haswell_(microarchitecture)
Sixth-generation x86 microprocessor by Intel
as the CPU core. Additionally, unlike most motherboard-based cache schemes that shared the main system bus with the CPU, the Pentium Pro's cache had its
Pentium_Pro
Eighth-generation Intel Core microprocessor family
eight cores. Increased L3 cache in accordance to the number of threads Increased turbo clock speeds across i5 and i7 CPUs models (increased by up to
Coffee_Lake
Set of rules describing computer system
particular processor will implement the ISA. The size of a computer's CPU cache for instance, is an issue that generally has nothing to do with the ISA
Computer_architecture
Core of a computer operating system
concerning such resources, and optimizes the use of common resources, such as CPU, cache, file systems, and network sockets. On most systems, the kernel is one
Kernel_(operating_system)
Computer vulnerability using speculative execution
Transient execution CPU vulnerabilities are vulnerabilities in which instructions, most often optimized using speculative execution, are executed temporarily
Transient execution CPU vulnerability
Transient_execution_CPU_vulnerability
Cache coherence protocol for computer processors
store buffer, other CPUs cannot see those writes until they are flushed to the cache — a CPU cannot scan the store buffer of other CPUs. With regard to invalidation
MESI_protocol
Series of personal computers by Apple
backside CPU cache, running at half processor speed. As a result, these machines benchmarked significantly faster than Intel PCs of similar CPU clock speed
Power_Macintosh_G3
Aspect of computer CPU design
In CPU design, the use of a sum-addressed decoder (SAD) or sum-addressed memory (SAM) decoder is a method of reducing the latency of the CPU cache access
Sum-addressed_decoder
System-on-chip processors designed by Apple Inc.
They integrate one or more ARM-based processing cores (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), cache memory and other electronics necessary to provide mobile
Apple_silicon
Tendency of a processor to access nearby memory locations in space or time
core L2 CPU caches (128 KB to 24 MB) – slightly slower access, with the speed of the memory bus shared between twins of cores L3 CPU caches (2 MB up
Locality_of_reference
System on a chip by Nvidia
Cortex-A9 CPU, an ultra low power (ULP) GeForce GPU, a 32-bit memory controller with either LPDDR2-600 or DDR2-667 memory, a 32 KB/32 KB L1 cache per core
Tegra
Form of computer data storage
static power than DRAM. In modern computers, SRAM is often used as cache memory for the CPU. DRAM stores a bit of data using a transistor and capacitor pair
Random-access_memory
Unscientific measurement of CPU speed made by the Linux kernel
frequency as well as the potentially present CPU cache. It is not usable for performance comparisons among different CPUs. In 1993, Lars Wirzenius posted a Usenet
BogoMips
Line of CPUs produced by Intel
Alder Lake desktop CPU with 20MB L3 cache". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved May 25, 2026. "Intel showcases 13th Gen Core "Raptor Lake" CPU with 24 cores and
Intel_Core
Associative array for storing key–value pairs
entail CPU cache inefficiencies. In cache-conscious variants of collision resolution through separate chaining, a dynamic array found to be more cache-friendly
Hash_table
Security-related instruction code processor extension
system within five minutes by using certain CPU instructions in lieu of a fine-grained timer to exploit cache DRAM side-channels. One countermeasure for
Software_Guard_Extensions
support of a specific microarchitecture includes optimizations for the CPU cache hierarchy, the TLB, etc. DEC Alpha (alpha) Synopsys DesignWare ARC cores
List of Linux-supported computer architectures
List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures
variant used in some MacBook Pros contains an on-package L4 cache shared between the CPU and integrated graphics. Coffee Lake was the first 6-core processor
List of Mac models grouped by CPU type
List_of_Mac_models_grouped_by_CPU_type
32-bit microprocessor by Intel
Amdahl UTS to the CPU to confirm Unix's viability. The limited die size made difficult incorporating, for marketing purposes, a CPU cache twice as large
I386
Efficiency improving technique for superscalar CPUs
(SMT) is a technique for improving the overall efficiency of superscalar CPUs with hardware multithreading. SMT permits multiple independent threads of
Simultaneous_multithreading
Tree-based computer data structure
computer systems rely heavily on CPU caches. Compared to reading from the cache, reading from memory after a cache miss costs significant time. While
B-tree
List of MediaTek processors
processor. RT3883 includes a MIPS 74KEc CPU and an IEEE 802.11n-conformant WNIC. RT6856 includes a MIPS 34KEc CPU and an IEEE 802.11ac-conformant WNIC.
List of MediaTek systems on chips
List_of_MediaTek_systems_on_chips
Task of creating a processor
project schedule of a CPU. Key CPU architectural innovations include accumulator, index register, general-purpose register, cache, virtual memory, instruction
Processor_design
Series of personal computers
PowerPC G4 processors, which feature faster processor speeds, larger caches and cache speed boosts from their G3 predecessors. The Power Mac G4 used chips
Power_Mac_G4
Computer architecture terminology
bus, was a computer bus used on early Intel platforms to connect the CPU to CPU cache memory, usually off-die L2. If a design utilizes a back-side bus along
Back-side_bus
Group of 32-bit RISC processor cores
critical code. Other than CPU cache, TCM is the fastest memory in an ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. Since TCM isn't cached and accessible at the same
ARM_Cortex-M
Computer memory design used in multiprocessing
release of Skylake (2017). Nearly all CPU architectures use a small amount of very fast non-shared memory known as cache to exploit locality of reference in
Non-uniform_memory_access
Performance-degrading usage pattern
most common usage of this term is in modern multiprocessor CPU caches, where memory is cached in lines of some small power of two word size (e.g., 64 aligned
False_sharing
Equivalence of all cached copies of a memory location
where each CPU may have its own local cache of a shared memory resource. In a shared memory multiprocessor system with a separate cache memory for each
Cache_coherence
Brand of discontinued microprocessors produced by Intel
"Intel Core i3-350M Processor (3M Cache, 2.26 GHz) Product Specifications". "CPU ID: SR05T Intel Pentium Dual-Core G620T". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 5
Pentium
Computer architecture where code and data share a common bus
program instructions, but have caches between the CPU and memory, and, for the caches closest to the CPU, have separate caches for instructions and data,
Von_Neumann_architecture
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Level 1 (National Qualifications Framework) level 1 cache, a type of CPU cache (Computer Memory) A Level I trauma center Level 1, a level of
Level_1
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
is encrypted while in RAM but available as clear text inside the CPU and CPU cache. Intel Corporation has introduced the concept of “enclaves” as part
Digital_data
A victim cache is a small, typically fully associative cache placed in the refill path of a CPU cache. It stores all the blocks evicted from that level
Victim_cache
Microprocessor family released in 2016
PCI Express 3.0 lanes from the CPU, 24 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from PCH Support for Intel Optane Memory storage caching (only on motherboards with the 200
Kaby_Lake
Single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system
system memory and I/O devices, and the internal back-side bus to the L2 CPU cache. This was introduced in the Pentium Pro in 1995. In 2005 and 2006 Intel
System_bus
Software that manages computer hardware resources
to add the indirect pollution of important processor structures (like CPU caches, the instruction pipeline, and so on) which affects both user-mode and
Operating_system
FM1 CPU: K10 (also Husky or K10.5) cores with an upgraded Stars architecture, no L3 cache L1 cache: 64 KB Data per core and 64 KB Instruction cache per
List of AMD processors with 3D graphics
List_of_AMD_processors_with_3D_graphics
Intel-licensed version of the 386SX
in 1991. It included power-management capabilities and an 8KB internal CPU cache, which enabled it to yield comparable performance to 386DX processors
IBM_386SLC
Component of computer engineering
main memory. The CPU includes a cache controller which automates reading and writing from the cache. If the data is already in the cache it is accessed
Microarchitecture
High-speed internal memory for storage
Sony's PS1's R3000 had a scratchpad instead of an L1 cache. It was possible to place the CPU stack here, an example of the temporary workspace usage
Scratchpad_memory
CPU socket created by Intel
LGA 2011, also called Socket R, is a CPU socket by Intel released on November 14, 2011. It launched along with LGA 1356 to replace its predecessor, LGA
LGA_2011
AMD brand for microprocessors
declined to launch dual 3D V-Cache variants of their CPUs at the time. However, AMD later released a dual 3D V-Cache CPU in the form of the Ryzen 9 9950X3D2
Ryzen
CPU microarchitecture by Intel
12 cores and 30 MB third level cache, with rumors of Ivy Bridge-EX up to 15 cores and an increased third level cache of up to 37.5 MB, although an early
Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)
Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)
Processor security vulnerability
without hardware changes because it is caused by the inherent design of CPU caches and branch predictors. Pacman alone is not an exploitable vulnerability
Pacman (security vulnerability)
Pacman_(security_vulnerability)
Handheld game console made by Nintendo
device, 127 bytes of High RAM that can be accessed faster (similar to a CPU cache), and the Audio Processing Unit, a programmable sound generator with four
Game_Boy
Implementation of an associative array
radix tree that uses many situational node types to reduce latency from CPU cache-line fills. As a compressed radix tree, a Judy array can store potentially
Judy_array
List of UNISOC processors
Model number Fab CPU GPU Memory technology Wireless radio technologies Released Utilizing devices ISA μarch Cores Freq. (MHz) Cache SC6500 40 nm ARM9 ARM9EJ-S
List of UNISOC systems on chips
List_of_UNISOC_systems_on_chips
Source code that alters its instructions to the hardware while executing
With modern processors, there can be unintended side effects on the CPU cache that must be considered. The method was frequently used for testing "first
Self-modifying_code
Available computing resource
include: Cache space, including CPU cache and MMU cache (translation lookaside buffer) CPU, both time on a single CPU and use of multiple CPUs – see multitasking
System_resource
support: MMX Steppings: A0, A1, B0 All models support: MMX L2 cache is on-die, running at full CPU speed All models support: MMX, SSE All models support: MMX
List of Intel Celeron processors
List_of_Intel_Celeron_processors
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
regions. On Intel CPUs, as well as AMD CPUs from Zen1 onwards (but not older AMD CPUs), SFENCE also acts as a reordering barrier on cache flushes/writebacks
List_of_x86_instructions
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
all models since 2001 used the name Xeon on its own. The Xeon CPUs generally have more cache and cores than their desktop counterparts in addition to multiprocessing
Xeon
Series of x86-compatible processor
comparable to the SiS 552, VIA CoreFusion or Intel's Tolapai, which integrate the CPU, memory controller, graphics and I/O devices into one package. Single processor
Geode_(processor)
Intel processor microarchitecture
competitor processor, Athlon. Within the L1 cache of the CPU, Intel incorporated its Execution Trace Cache. It stores decoded micro-operations, so that
NetBurst
CPU used in the Xbox 360
Microsoft XCPU, codenamed Xenon, is a CPU used in the Xbox 360 game console, to be used with ATI's Xenos graphics chip. The processor was developed by
Xenon_(processor)
Topics referred to by the same term
low-lying ground Allocate-on-flush, a computer file system Cache flush, when a CPU cache is emptied Flush, Kansas, a community in the United States First
Flush
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wine Cup
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Cup Bearer; Butler; Wine Servant; Knot in a Tree; Forest
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Cup
Biblical
threshold; silver cup
Biblical
cup-bearer of the prince
Boy/Male
English American
Forest; cup bearer.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wine Cup
Boy/Male
English
Cup bearer.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Cup-bearer of the prince.
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil
Star
Girl/Female
Biblical
Hill, cup, thing lifted up.
Biblical
hill; cup; thing lifted up
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
Cup bearer to the gods.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Threshold, silver cup.
Girl/Female
Indian
Sweet
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Virtuous; Divine; To be Pure; Flawless; Happiest
Female
Egyptian
, Egyptian unisex name.
Female
English
English name derived from the word, chalice, from Latin calix, CHALICE means "cup."
Biblical
a hill; cup
Girl/Female
Biblical, Dutch, German
A Hill; Cup
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
Girl/Female
Biblical
Book, scribe, number.
Female
Egyptian
, Goddess of Truth.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Healing
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements an "against" and vindr "wind," hence "against the wind."Â
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish, German, Slavic
Stem
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit
Son of the Sun
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
English
Active.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English
Place Name; Oak Tree Settlement
Girl/Female
Hindu
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
CPU CACHE
n.
A drinking cup.
n.
A small pan or cup.
n.
A cup. See Calyx.
n.
A small mug or cup.
n.
Anything shaped like a cup; as, the cup of an acorn, or of a flower.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cup
n.
A large drinking cup.
v. t.
To make concave or in the form of a cup; as, to cup the end of a screw.
n.
A kind of drinking cup.
n.
A tall drinking cup.
a.
Cup-shaped.
n.
A little can or cup.
a.
Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.
a.
Having a calyx or cup; cup-shaped.
n.
A cup or dish.
n.
A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; as, a tin cup, a silver cup, a wine cup; especially, in modern times, the pottery or porcelain vessel, commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea, coffee, and the like.
imp. & p. p.
of Cup
n.
A cup used for holding an egg, at table.
n.
A small cup.