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Stage of memory in brains
Intermediate-term memory (ITM) is a stage of memory distinct from sensory memory, working memory/short-term memory, and long-term memory. While sensory
Intermediate-term_memory
Process of storage and retrieval memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast
Long-term_memory
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for
Short-term_memory
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
generally not found in adults, while true photographic memory has never been demonstrated to exist. The term eidetic comes from the Greek word εἶδος (pronounced
Eidetic_memory
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is the ability to remember
Working_memory
High-detailed autobiographical memory
also known as hyperthymestic syndrome or highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM), is a condition that leads people to be able to remember an abnormally
Hyperthymesia
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map. Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory. Research
Spatial_memory
Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)
symmetrical 'memory.'" Crews believes that Freud's initial confidence in accurate recall of early memories anticipated the theories of recovered memory therapists
Sigmund_Freud
1956 psychology paper by George Miller on working memory capacity
argue that the number of objects an average human can hold in short-term memory is 7 ± 2. This has occasionally been referred to as Miller's law. In
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two
Aspect of learning procedure
associative learning (e.g., instrumental learning and human associative memory); a number of observations differentiate them, especially the contingencies
Classical_conditioning
British conductor with severe amnesia
required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. His memory for events lasts between
Clive_Wearing
Learning technique that helps in remembering
(/nəˈmɒnɪk/ nə-MON-ik), memory trick or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating
Mnemonic
Memorization technique based on repetition
formulas. There is greater understanding if students commit a formula to memory through exercises that use the formula rather than through rote repetition
Rote_learning
Impressions of sensory information
system. Sensory information is stored in sensory memory just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory. Humans have five traditional senses: sight
Sensory_memory
of people claim to have eidetic memory, but science has never found a single verifiable case of photographic memory. Eidetic imagery is virtually nonexistent
List of people claimed to possess an eidetic memory
List_of_people_claimed_to_possess_an_eidetic_memory
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
Implicit memory, previous experiences help to perform a task with no awareness of those experiences Intermediate-term memory Involuntary memory Long memory, a
Memory
Model of human memory
more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Psychological occurrence
In psychology, a false memory is a phenomenon in which someone recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from the way it
False_memory
Model of human memory
register, where sensory information enters memory, a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives and holds input from
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
treatment. There are three main types of memories: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory, in short, is the ability to hold
Memory_erasure
Mental processes
short-term, long-term and sensory memory. The three types of memory have specific, different functions but each are equally important for memory processes
Memory and retention in learning
Memory_and_retention_in_learning
Decline of memory retention in time
concept is the strength of memory that refers to the durability that memory traces in the brain. The stronger the memory, the longer period of time that
Forgetting_curve
American psychiatrist (born 1942)
distinguishes between single-incident traumas – one-off events – which she termed Type I traumas, and complex or repeated traumas (Type II). Type I trauma
Judith_Lewis_Herman
Loss of short-term memory
new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from
Anterograde_amnesia
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Memory consolidation is a process in the brain that stabilizes newly learned information, allowing the memory to be stored long-term. A memory trace is
Memory_consolidation
Memory of autobiographical events
memory, it comprises the category of explicit memory, one of the two major divisions of long-term memory (the other being implicit memory). The term "episodic
Episodic_memory
Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
dysfunction of cognitive processes that control the retrieval from long-term memory. Frontal lobe damage often disrupts this process, preventing the retrieval
Confabulation
Memory rehearsal is a term for the role of repetition in the retention of memories. It involves repeating information over and over in order to get the
Memory_rehearsal
American memory disorder patient
important role in the brain for forming and remembering memories, and for having a long-term memory span, but in 1953 (when Molaison had the surgery) this
Henry_Molaison
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
selective attention that determines which information enters visual short-term memory. At the pre-attentive stage, structural descriptions of objects are created
Attention
Psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory
classified three distinct classes of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is made up of a brief storage of information within a
Flashback_(psychology)
Type of long-term human memory
In psychology, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts
Implicit_memory
Neurological condition
theories of human memory attempt to reconcile its implications. A person experiencing a TEA episode has very little short-term memory, so that there is
Transient_epileptic_amnesia
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal
Autobiographical_memory
Memory triggered by an environmental cue
one's sense of smell. The term "precious fragments" was coined by Marigold Linton, a pioneer in the study of autobiographical memory research. This is reflected
Involuntary_memory
Inability of adults to recall memories from childhood
episodic memories (memories of situations or events) before the age of three to four years. It may also refer to the scarcity or fragmentation of memories recollected
Childhood_amnesia
Form of memory
working memory, a prerequisite for human vocabulary building. Semantic memory Declarative memory Sensory memory Visual memory Spatial memory Tatsumi,
Verbal_memory
Psychological phenomenon
However, lesions in the hippocampus (the brain structure responsible for memory) impair cognitive functions but leave emotional responses fully functional
Mere-exposure_effect
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
Repressed memory is a controversial, and largely scientifically discredited, psychiatric phenomenon which involves an inability to recall autobiographical
Repressed_memory
cause long-term damage. Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs long-term delayed recall memory, but can enhance short-term, immediate
Effects_of_stress_on_memory
Large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex
terminals (3) enhanced by calcium accumulation. On the other hand, intermediate-term memory can result from both temporary chemical and physical changes in
Cerebrum
Proposed condition of false or biased recollections
behaviors that followed after a patient underwent recovered memory therapy and to come up with a term to explain the pattern. The most influential figure in
False_memory_syndrome
Cognitive disorder where memory is disturbed or lost
prior learning episodes. The term is from Ancient Greek 'forgetfulness'; from ἀ- (a-) 'without' and μνήσις (mnesis) 'memory'. Individuals with amnesia can
Amnesia
Biological memory process in organisms
can be stored within the brain and recalled later from long-term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation, which is
Encoding_(memory)
Types of accurate and detailed recall
autobiographical memory, the type of memory that forms people's life stories. The term hyperthymesia is derived from the Modern Greek word thýmesē 'memory' and Ancient
Exceptional_memory
economics. A memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled
List_of_cognitive_biases
Shared knowledge and values of a social group
forgetting". Historian David Rieff takes issue with the term "collective memory", distinguishing between memories of people who were actually alive during the events
Collective_memory
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
organization in human memory. Tulving constructed a proposal to distinguish between episodic memory and what he termed semantic memory. He was mainly influenced
Semantic_memory
Inattentive or forgetful behavior
monologue. When experiencing absent-mindedness, people exhibit signs of memory lapses and weak recollection of recent events. Absent-mindedness can usually
Absent-mindedness
Psychological phenomenon
State-dependent memory or state-dependent learning is the phenomenon where people remember more information if their physical or mental state is the same
State-dependent_memory
Damage to the brain's memory capacity
Memory disorders are the result of damage to neuroanatomical structures that hinders the storage, retention and recollection of memories. Memory disorders
Memory_disorder
Scientifically discredited form of psychotherapy
Recovered-memory therapy (RMT) is a catch-all term for a controversial and scientifically discredited form of psychotherapy that critics say utilizes one
Recovered-memory_therapy
Temporary disruption of short-term memory
temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. A person in a state of TGA exhibits no other
Transient_global_amnesia
Permanent or temporary loss of long-term memory
temporal lobe are not nearly as important for long-term memories compared to short-term memories. As memory processing occurs in the brain over time, neocortical
Retrograde_amnesia
Psychological model of memory
Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model which represents memory strength as being continuously variable, the assumption being that rehearsal always improves long-term memory. They
Levels_of_processing_model
Type of long-term human memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the
Explicit_memory
German psychologist (1850–1909)
short-term memory. The primacy effect causes better memory of the first items in a list due to increased rehearsal and commitment to long-term memory. Another
Hermann_Ebbinghaus
Local search algorithm
suboptimal dead-end). Short-term, intermediate-term and long-term memories can overlap in practice. Within these categories, memory can further be differentiated
Tabu_search
Political influence on collective memory
The individual or communicative memory is short-term and personal. Collective memory and history are both long term and institutionalized. While a distinction
Politics_of_memory
Combined presence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff's syndrome
late 1800s Korsakoff was studying long-term alcoholic patients and began to notice a decline in their memory function. At the 13th International Medical
Wernicke–Korsakoff_syndrome
Critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory
for older memories compared to new memories. The long-term recall of emotions was more in line with the primed opinions, showing that long-term recall of
Emotion_and_memory
Retrieval of events or information from the past
short-term memory (STM) increased. Before the 1960s, there was very little research that studied the workings of short-term memory and rapid memory loss
Recall_(memory)
Memory disorder
long-term memories). Access to episodic memory can be impeded, while the degree of impairment to short term memory, semantic memory and procedural memory is
Dissociative_amnesia
Theory of memory recall
Reconstructive memory is a theory of memory recall, in which the act of remembering is influenced by various other cognitive processes including perception
Reconstructive_memory
Term in psychology
In psychology, memory inhibition is the ability not to remember irrelevant information. The scientific concept of memory inhibition should not be confused
Memory_inhibition
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious, long-term memory) which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious
Procedural_memory
Theory regarding human memory
is a theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM) are forgotten and cannot
Interference_theory
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event. The term flashbulb memory suggests the surprise, indiscriminate
Flashbulb_memory
Topic in cultural studies and historiography
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. The theory posits that memory is not just an individual
Cultural_memory
British memory champion (born 1957)
1957) is a British mnemonist and an author of memory-related books. He is the eight time World Memory Champion and works as a trainer for Peak Performance
Dominic_O'Brien
Annual memory competition
The World Memory Championships is an organized competition of memory sports in which competitors memorize as much information as possible within a given
World_Memory_Championships
Learning technique that aids information retention
and 'invention' of ideas. An alternative term is "Ars Memorativa" which is also translated as "art of memory" although its more literal meaning is "Memorative
Art_of_memory
Canadian memory disorder patient (1951–2014)
March 27, 2014), also known as Patient K.C., was a widely studied Canadian memory disorder patient who has been used as a case study in over 20 neuropsychology
Kent_Cochrane
Misidentification during memory recall
misattribution of memory or source misattribution is the misidentification of the origin of a memory by the person making the memory recall. Misattribution
Misattribution_of_memory
short-term memory (VSTM) is one of three broad memory systems including iconic memory and long-term memory. VSTM is a type of short-term memory, but one
Visual_short-term_memory
makes encoding easier. Flashbulb memory Mnemonic aid Von Restorff effect Bäckman, Lars; Nyberg, Lars (24 August 2009). Memory, Aging and the Brain: A Festschrift
Bizarreness_effect
Form of memory that involves a planned future action or intention
retrospective memory, long-term memory, and environmentally-cued memory. Prospective memory tasks can be used in a variety of ways to assess prospective memory. Firstly
Prospective_memory
Component of the visual memory system
component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM). Iconic memory is described as a very
Iconic_memory
Memory implantation technique
The "lost in the mall" technique or experiment is a memory implantation technique used to demonstrate that confabulations about events that never took
Lost_in_the_mall_technique
Disproportionate favor towards the past
Simplifications and exaggerations of memories that occur in rosy retrospection may make it easier for the brain to store long-term memories, as removing details may
Rosy_retrospection
Improved recall when the context of a situation is the same
events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual
Context-dependent_memory
Psychological defense mechanism
If activation is not maintained, the memory trace fades and decays. This usually occurs in short term memory. The decay theory is a controversial topic
Motivated_forgetting
Sensory memory register
ensuing memory processes. A short-term memory model proposed by Nelson Cowan attempts to address this problem by describing a verbal sensory memory input
Echoic_memory
Loss or modification of information encoded in an individual's memory
individual's short or long-term memory. It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage. Problems with
Forgetting
Memory bias
newspaper. The term was coined by psychiatrist Théodore Flournoy while studying medium Hélène Smith, highlighting how forgotten memories can resurface
Cryptomnesia
American psychiatrist
member of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, which raised skepticism about adults who claimed to have recovered delayed memories of childhood sexual
Paul_R._McHugh
Development of memory in children
developments in short term memory, working memory, long term memory and autobiographical memory. The development of memory in adults, especially older adults
Memory_development
Early life experiences often memorable for life
Childhood memory refers to memories formed during childhood. Among its other roles, memory functions to guide present behaviour and to predict future outcomes
Childhood_memory
Japanese scientist (born 1939)
& Tonegawa, S. (2013). Creating a false memory in the hippocampus. Science, 341(6144), 387-391. Long-term potentiation List of Japanese Nobel laureates
Susumu_Tonegawa
Traumatic memories in the human mind
and altering a pre-existing long-term memory. Reconsolidation after retrieval can be used to strengthen existing memories and update or integrate new information
Traumatic_memories
Theory of cognition
to explain cognitive phenomena, particularly in memory and reasoning. FTT posits two types of memory processes (verbatim and gist) and, therefore, it
Fuzzy-trace_theory
Health effect of alcohol consumption
which negatively impacts long-term potentiation (LTP). The molecular basis of LTP is associated with learning and memory. Particularly, damage to hippocampal
Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory
British-Canadian neuroscientist and neuropsychologist (born 1918)
lifelong interest in the involvement of the temporal lobes in episodic memory. She is sometimes referred to as one of the founders of neuropsychology
Brenda_Milner
Irish neuroscientist (1970–2025)
Dublin, Ireland, where she first became interested in the neural basis of memory while working with patients as a neuropsychologist at Beaumont Hospital
Eleanor_Maguire
Variety of structures in the brain related to memory
involved in memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring information that is currently in working memory into ones long-term memory. This process
Neuroanatomy_of_memory
Procedure in cognitive psychology
(DRM) paradigm is a procedure in cognitive psychology used to study false memory in humans. The procedure was pioneered by James Deese in 1959, but it was
Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm
Deese–Roediger–McDermott_paradigm
American neuropsychiatrist
associated with learning and memory storage. By this time it was known that long-term memory, unlike short-term memory, involved the synthesis of new
Eric_Kandel
Musical ability
aneurysm suffered greater impairments when performing tasks of musical long-term memory, than those patients who had their right middle cerebral artery cut.
Music-related_memory
Medical condition
"clouded". Because PTA involves confusion in addition to the memory loss typical of amnesia, the term "post-traumatic confusional state" has been proposed as
Post-traumatic_amnesia
Ability to process visual and spatial information
identify colors both important processes in visual memory. Visual short-term memory (visual working memory) is the capacity for holding a small amount of
Visual_memory
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
Female
English
English pet form of Spanish Teresa, TERI means "harvester."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Term of endearment
Girl/Female
American, Christian, French, Gaelic, Greek, Indian, Japanese, Latin, Sanskrit
Crag; Hill; Star
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English
Country; World
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
A Term of Endearment
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Harvester
Male
Finnish
Short form of Finnish Antero, TERO means "man; warrior."
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Petros, P�TER means "rock, stone."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Term of endearment
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Spanish Teresa, TERÉZIA means "harvester."
Girl/Female
English American
Abbreviation of Teresa, meaning harvester.
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish
Man; Warrior; Plant; Earth
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish
Hunter; Harvest / Harvester
Female
Hungarian
Short form of Hungarian Terézia, TERÉZ means "harvester."
Boy/Male
Dutch
Lives at the heath.
Female
English
Variant of spelling English Terra, TERA means "land."
Female
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Teresa, TERE means "harvester."Â
Boy/Male
Australian, Japanese, Pashtun
Name of a Khattak Ancestor
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Intermediate Region
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Finnish, Greek, Japanese
Harvester; Abbreviation of Teresa; Guardian; Theresa; Late Summer
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
Girl/Female
Australian, Indian, Sanskrit
Obedient; Willing
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Portuguese, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil
Gift of Jehovah; Yahweh has Given
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Lancashire (now Greater Manchester) and Northumbria, so called from Old English prēost ‘priest’ + wīc ‘outlying settlement’. Compare Preston.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Pleased Delighted
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Lord Ram
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Servant of the God
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil
God Murugan
Girl/Female
Indian
Brilliant, Beautiful
Male
English
English name coined by Oscar Wilde for a character in his novel The Portrait of Dorian Gray, 1891. Probably derived from Latin Dorianus, DORIAN means "of the Dorian tribe."
Boy/Male
Indian
Beauty of the faith, Beauty of the religion
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
INTERMEDIATE TERM-MEMORY
n.
One who, or that which, is intermediate; an interagent; a go-between.
v. i.
To come between; to intervene; to interpose.
n.
A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term.
v. t.
To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale.
n.
A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.
n.
That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty.
n.
Intermediate space.
n.
The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life.
a.
Lying between; intervening; intermediate.
n.
The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years.
n.
To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.
a.
Intermediate.
v. t.
To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber.
n.
In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms.
a.
Lying, coming, or done, between; intermediate; as, an intermediary project.
a.
Intermediate.
a.
Lying or being in the middle place or degree, or between two extremes; coming or done between; intervening; interposed; interjacent; as, an intermediate space or time; intermediate colors.
a.
Intermediate.
adv.
In an intermediate manner; by way of intervention.