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Process of storage and retrieval memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model in which informative knowledge is held indefinitely. It is defined in contrast
Long-term_memory
Recurrent neural network architecture
Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at mitigating the vanishing gradient problem commonly encountered by traditional
Long_short-term_memory
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
3-5 items. In contrast, long-term memory holds information indefinitely. Short-term memory is not the same as working memory, which refers to structures
Short-term_memory
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
working memory processor. The working memory also retrieves information from previously stored material. Finally, the function of long-term memory is to
Memory
Persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic
Long-term_potentiation
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map. Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory. Research
Spatial_memory
Model of human memory
register, where sensory information enters memory, a short-term store, also called working memory or short-term memory, which receives and holds input from
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
Damage to the brain's memory capacity
for causing memory disorders, is associated with a decline in cognitive and neural systems including memory (long-term and working memory). Many factors
Memory_disorder
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is the ability to remember
Working_memory
short-term memory (VSTM) is one of three broad memory systems including iconic memory and long-term memory. VSTM is a type of short-term memory, but one
Visual_short-term_memory
Approach to the study of cognitive development
mechanisms for bringing information in, working memory for actively manipulating information, and long-term memory for passively holding information so that
Information_processing_theory
In neurophysiology, a reduction of neuronal synapse efficacy
neurophysiology, long-term depression (LTD) is an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned
Long-term_depression
Learning technique that helps in remembering
or strategies consciously used to improve memory. They help use information already stored in long-term memory to make memorization an easier task. Mnemonic
Mnemonic
Stage of memory in brains
Intermediate-term memory (ITM) is a stage of memory distinct from sensory memory, working memory/short-term memory, and long-term memory. While sensory memory persists
Intermediate-term_memory
Vertebrate brain region
in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. In humans and other primates
Hippocampus
Genus of sea slugs
network to be carried out. In neurons that mediate several forms of long-term memory in Aplysia, the DNA repair enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1)
Aplysia
Subdiscipline of psychology
the long-term memory. Long-term memory: holds information over an extended period of time, which receives information from the short-term memory. The
Cognitive_psychology
individuals often show mixed long-term memory abilities. While semantic memory, the memory for facts, tends to remain mostly intact, memory related to personal
Autism_and_memory
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
create a long lasting and large memory. Long-term memory is the largest target for research involving selective memory erasure. Within long-term memory there
Memory_erasure
Model of human memory
more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious, long-term memory) which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious
Procedural_memory
Category of memory stabilizing processes
Memory consolidation is a process in the brain that stabilizes newly learned information, allowing the memory to be stored long-term. A memory trace is
Memory_consolidation
Loss of short-term memory
new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from
Anterograde_amnesia
positive and negative effects on different aspects of memory. The effect of caffeine on short-term memory (STM) is debated amongst academics. Studies conclude
Effect_of_caffeine_on_memory
Cognitive parsing of time into event categories
categories, called event schemas, are stored in long term memory and are instantiated in working memory representations of the ongoing event, called event
Event_perception
Types of accurate and detailed recall
autobiographical memory, the type of memory that forms people's life stories. The term hyperthymesia is derived from the Modern Greek word thýmesē 'memory' and Ancient
Exceptional_memory
How humans use words to communicate
production, speech repetition, lip-reading, and phonological working memory and long-term memory. In accordance with the 'from where to what' model of language
Language processing in the brain
Language_processing_in_the_brain
American memory disorder patient
important role in the brain for forming and remembering memories, and for having a long-term memory span, but in 1953 (when Molaison had the surgery) this
Henry_Molaison
Cognitive psychology process
a meaningful whole later on in memory. The chunks, by which the information is grouped, are meant to improve short-term retention of the material, thus
Chunking_(psychology)
an important role in the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory during encoding and retrieval stages. These stages do not need
Hippocampal memory encoding and retrieval
Hippocampal_memory_encoding_and_retrieval
Memory of autobiographical events
memory, it comprises the category of explicit memory, one of the two major divisions of long-term memory (the other being implicit memory). The term "episodic
Episodic_memory
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
people rigorously scientifically tested, no one claiming to have long-term eidetic memory had this ability proven. American cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky
Eidetic_memory
Retrieval of events or information from the past
got for your 10th birthday. Semantic memories are abstract words, concepts, and rules stored in long-term memory. Furthermore, Endel Tulving devised the
Recall_(memory)
Health effect of alcohol consumption
neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation (LTP). The molecular basis of LTP is associated with learning and memory. Particularly, damage to hippocampal
Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
maintenance of long-term memory. As well, a 2004 study found that mice lacking genes for normal cellular PrP protein show altered hippocampal long-term potentiation
Prion
Memory loss caused by drugs
caused by the intake of any substance or medication in which short-term and long-term memory creation is impaired, therefore causing a complete inability to
Blackout (drug-related amnesia)
Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)
Psychological model of memory
Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model which represents memory strength as being continuously variable, the assumption being that rehearsal always improves long-term memory. They
Levels_of_processing_model
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event. The term flashbulb memory suggests the surprise, indiscriminate
Flashbulb_memory
Biological memory process in organisms
that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from long-term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation, which
Encoding_(memory)
Mental processes
short-term, long-term and sensory memory. The three types of memory have specific, different functions but each are equally important for memory processes
Memory and retention in learning
Memory_and_retention_in_learning
call. The number is held in working memory long enough to make the call, but never transferred to long-term memory. An hour, or even five minutes after
Memory_rehearsal
Early life experiences often memorable for life
improving memory by reducing stress. Operative training task to improve long term memory The renowned developmental psychologist Piaget thought that memory and
Childhood_memory
Mental process dealing with knowledge
irrelevant information. Memory is the ability to retain, store, and retrieve information, including working memory and long-term memory. Thinking encompasses
Cognition
Psychological effect that people learn more by spreading studying out in time
spaced out. This effect shows that more information is encoded into long-term memory by spaced study sessions, also known as spaced repetition or spaced
Spacing_effect
Second stage of the memory process
memory psychology differentiates between the two distinct types of memory storage: short-term memory and long-term memory. Several models of memory have
Storage_(memory)
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
PrP-deficient mice exhibit normal learning ability and short-term memory, long-term memory consolidation deficits have been demonstrated. As with ataxia
Major_prion_protein
Musical ability
aneurysm suffered greater impairments when performing tasks of musical long-term memory, than those patients who had their right middle cerebral artery cut
Music-related_memory
Heritable characteristics affecting learning
While the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention
Epigenetics in learning and memory
Epigenetics_in_learning_and_memory
Type of long-term human memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the
Explicit_memory
Type of long-term human memory
In psychology, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts
Implicit_memory
British conductor with severe amnesia
required to transfer memories from short-term to long-term memory), he is completely unable to form lasting new memories. His memory for events lasts between
Clive_Wearing
1956 psychology paper by George Miller on working memory capacity
much longer than that become significantly harder to remember and process simultaneously. Later research on short-term memory and working memory revealed
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two
Cognitive disorder where memory is disturbed or lost
unable to recall them again from long-term memory. This gave researchers evidence that short-term and long-term memory are in fact two different processes
Amnesia
cause long-term damage. Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs long-term delayed recall memory, but can enhance short-term, immediate
Effects_of_stress_on_memory
Loss or modification of information encoded in an individual's memory
individual's short or long-term memory. It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage. Problems
Forgetting
Development of memory in children
developments in short term memory, working memory, long term memory and autobiographical memory. The development of memory in adults, especially older adults
Memory_development
Learning by physical activities
emotional experiences. The learning and the memory is generally short term. To achieve a long-term memory different techniques can be used depending on
Kinesthetic_learning
Type of attack in machine learning
Gemini AI to indirect prompt injection attacks that manipulated its long-term memory. Security researcher Johann Rehberger demonstrated how hidden instructions
Prompt_injection
Psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory
classified three distinct classes of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is made up of a brief storage of information within a
Flashback_(psychology)
Learning technique performed with flashcards
The testing effect and spaced repetition can be combined to improve long-term memory. Therefore, memorization can be easier to do. The method of spaced
Spaced_repetition
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 20 (5): 1063–1087. CiteSeerX 10
Repressed_memory
Permanent or temporary loss of long-term memory
temporal lobe are not nearly as important for long-term memories compared to short-term memories. As memory processing occurs in the brain over time, neocortical
Retrograde_amnesia
Paris-based AI startup
world model AI systems which understand the physical world, maintain long-term memory, and strategize complicated tasks, ensuring they remain secure and
Advanced Machine Intelligence Labs
Advanced_Machine_Intelligence_Labs
Book by John Medina
perspectives: exercise, survival, wiring, attention, short-term memory, long-term memory, sleep, stress, multisensory perception, vision, gender and
Brain_Rules
differences between males and females and their abilities within their short-term memory. For example, a study conducted by Lowe, Mayfield, and Reynolds (2003)
Sex_differences_in_cognition
Tool for systematic learning
Flashcards are an application of the testing effect, the finding that long-term memory is increased when some part of an individual's learning period is devoted
Flashcard
American neuropsychiatrist
associated with learning and memory storage. By this time it was known that long-term memory, unlike short-term memory, involved the synthesis of new
Eric_Kandel
Theory regarding human memory
is a theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM) are forgotten and cannot
Interference_theory
Decline of memory retention in time
concept is the strength of memory that refers to the durability that memory traces in the brain. The stronger the memory, the longer period of time that a
Forgetting_curve
Cognitive process
show signs of memory that is later improved into their adolescent years. This includes short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory, and autobiographical
Memorization
Consolidating a motor task into memory through repetition
learning. When a movement is repeated over time, the brain creates a long-term muscle memory for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little
Muscle_memory
Development of human memory
important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems. The use of certain substances can entail long-term permanent effects on the fetus that can carry
Prenatal_memory
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
memory retrieval capabilities for overall cognitive control; in particular, goal/task-information is stored in both short-term and long-term memory,
Executive_dysfunction
Ability of a plant to retain information
conducted into a plant's capacity for memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term. The most basic learning and memory functions in animals have been
Plant_memory
Kinds of learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage
permanent change after an event" – one of the main functions of the long-term memory, which he called superego. Shaped by social experiences during childhood
Imprinting_(psychology)
Consequences of not getting enough sleep
retrieval of memories as well as memory consolidation. Subsequently, sleep deprivation has been shown to affect working and long-term memory processes.
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance
Effort being used in the working memory
directly related to working memory. Much information, such as Declarative knowledge, may only be stored in long-term memory after first being attended
Cognitive_load
Family of molluscs
researchers concluded that nautiluses had memory capabilities similar to the "short-term" and "long-term memories" of the more advanced cephalopods, despite
Nautilus
Measure of the long-range dependence of a time series
The Hurst exponent is used as a measure of long-term memory of time series. It relates to the autocorrelations of the time series, and the rate at which
Hurst_exponent
Theory of memory recall
popular research holds that the Hippocampus becomes less important in long term memory functioning after more extensive consolidation of the distinct features
Reconstructive_memory
Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
dysfunction of cognitive processes that control the retrieval from long-term memory. Frontal lobe damage often disrupts this process, preventing the retrieval
Confabulation
Component of the visual memory system
component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM). Iconic memory is described as a very
Iconic_memory
Pleasure, enjoyment, or amusement
site of long-term memory consolidation, where the brain attempts to match the new information with recognizable patterns stored in long-term memory. When
Fun
American singer-songwriter (1944–1997)
young, the now-discredited insulin shock therapy erased much of his long-term memory. In 1983, Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard covered and popularized Van
Townes_Van_Zandt
formation of a long-term memory requires the synthesis of new proteins. Eric Kandel established many of the biochemical markers of learning and memory in the
De novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation
De_novo_protein_synthesis_theory_of_memory_formation
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
the whole of the stored information. In this theory, a piece of a long-term memory is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of
Holonomic_brain_theory
believed to play a role in memory function in the hippocampus, amygdala and other cortical brain structures in mammals. Long-term potentiation occurs when
Early_long-term_potentiation
High-detailed autobiographical memory
that, in theory at least, no practical limit exists to the number of long-term memories that the brain can store. In 1961, Wilder Penfield reported that specific
Hyperthymesia
Act of improving one's memory
resulting in impaired short-term and working memory processes such as selective attention, memory consolidation, as well as long-term potentiation. The human
Memory_improvement
examples of incidental memory include remembering exactly how one meets a friend, or a scene in a favourite movie. Long-term memory is a critical feature
Incidental_memory
Mnemonic system using some form of elaboration
method, PAO (person, action, object), etc., to store information in long-term memory and to make it easier to recall this information in the future. One
Elaborative_encoding
Educational concept
of tasks." Instructional techniques that assist learners to create long term memory schema are more effective for novices or low-knowledge individuals
Expertise_reversal_effect
Measurement of pupil size and reactivity
environment. The pupil response reflects long-term memory processes both at encoding, predicting the success of memory formation and at retrieval, reflecting
Pupillometry
Learning strategy
to other aspects of long-term memory formation that he suffered after his surgery. Most famously, H.M. showed what has been termed temporally graded retrograde
Distributed_practice
Topics referred to by the same term
modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual's long-term memory Nota bene: this surname is pronounced fɔʁʒɛ in French, and is not to
Forget
Disproportionate favor towards the past
Simplifications and exaggerations of memories that occur in rosy retrospection may make it easier for the brain to store long-term memories, as removing details may
Rosy_retrospection
Cognitive modeling method
visual image, working memory, and long term memory storages. A diagram is shown below. Each processor has a cycle time and each memory has a decay time. These
Human_processor_model
Behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict aversive events
maintaining fear memories. This study shows how there are shifting circuits between short term recall and long term recall of fear memories. There is no change
Fear_conditioning
students. It is based on the temporal pattern of stimuli for creating long-term memories reported by R. Douglas Fields in Scientific American in 2005. This
Spaced_learning
Messenger protein
apoptosis, smooth muscle contraction, intracellular movement, short-term and long-term memory, and the immune response. Calcium participates in an intracellular
Calmodulin
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
Boy/Male
British, English
Old Leader; Old Ruler; Long Term Ruler
Male
Finnish
Short form of Finnish Antero, TERO means "man; warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Chinese : from an ancient area named Cong Yang, whose residents adopted the surname.Vietnamese : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian
Long
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Spanish Teresa, TERÉZIA means "harvester."
Boy/Male
British, English
Old Leader; Old Ruler; Long Term Ruler
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Dutch, English, German, Norse, Scandinavian
Long; Wave; Tall Man
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for the taller of two men with the same name, from Old English leng(ra) ‘longer’, ‘taller’, comparative of lang (see Lang).German : variant of Lang.Chinese : from an ancient official title, Lingguan, denoting a court official in charge of music. The character for Ling is written similarly to that for Leng (), and the surname evolved to the latter form.Cambodian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Malaysian
Dragon; Grand
Male
English
 English short form of Spanish Alonso, LON means "noble and ready." Compare with another form of Lon.
Boy/Male
French, German, Polish
Long
Female
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Teresa, TERE means "harvester."Â
Boy/Male
French, German
Wise Ruler; Old Ruler; Long Term Ruler
Female
English
English pet form of Spanish Teresa, TERI means "harvester."
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : nickname for a tall person, from Old English lang, long, Old French long ‘long’, ‘tall’ (equivalent to Latin longus).Irish (Ulster (Armagh) and Munster) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Longáin (see Langan).Chinese : from the name of an official treasurer called Long, who lived during the reign of the model emperor Shun (2257–2205 bc). his descendants adopted this name as their surname. Additionally, a branch of the Liu clan (see Lau 1), descendants of Liu Lei, who supposedly had the ability to handle dragons, was granted the name Yu-Long (meaning roughly ‘resistor of dragons’) by the Xia emperor Kong Jia (1879–1849 bc). Some descendants later simplified Yu-Long to Long and adopted it as their surname.Chinese : there are two sources for this name. One was a place in the state of Lu in Shandong province during the Spring and Autumn period (722–481 bc). The other source is the Xiongnu nationality, a non-Han Chinese people.Chinese : variant of Lang.Cambodian : unexplained.
Female
Hungarian
Short form of Hungarian Terézia, TERÉZ means "harvester."
Female
English
Variant of spelling English Terra, TERA means "land."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Long 1.German and French (Alsace–Lorraine) : from Middle High German lunge ‘lung’, presumably applied as a nickname.Chinese : variant of Long 3.Chinese : variant of Long 4.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Female/Male/Unisex
Korean
 Korean unisex name YONG means "courage." Compare with another form of Yong.
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Friend of Islam
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in the parish of Alstonfield, Staffordshire named Beresford, from Old English beofor ‘beaver’ (or possibly from a byname from this word) + Old English ford ‘ford’. This name also became established in Ireland.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Christian, French, Jamaican
Beyond Price; Invaluable; Priceless; Inestimable; Similar to Anthony
Boy/Male
Indian
Boy/Male
Tamil
True friend, Limited
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Fate; Destiny
Girl/Female
Hindu
Speech, Goddess Saraswati
Female
Egyptian
, the Great One who comes.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indonesian, Muslim
Bright; Beautiful
Boy/Male
Muslim
Praising Allah, Holy
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
LONG TERM-MEMORY
superl.
Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration; lingering; as, long hours of watching.
n.
To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.
a.
Having long arms; as, the long-armed ape or gibbon.
v. t.
To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber.
n.
The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years.
n.
The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life.
n.
A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.
n.
Long-sightedness.
a.
Having a long life; having constitutional peculiarities which make long life probable; lasting long; as, a long-lived tree; they are a longlived family; long-lived prejudices.
superl.
Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a long book.
adv.
To a great extent in time; during a long time.
a.
Long-breathed; hence, tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; as, a long-winded talker.
adv.
To a great extent in apace; as, a long drawn out line.
superl.
Extended to any specified measure; of a specified length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc.
a.
Having a long horn or horns; as, a long-horned goat, or cow; having long antennae, as certain beetles (Longicornia).
n.
Long patience of offense.
a.
Having a long tongue.
a. & adv.
Long.
n.
A long sound, syllable, or vowel.
adv.
At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as, not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the Conquest.