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Publicly known attacks against cryptographic hash functions
cryptographic hash functions. Note that not all entries may be up to date. For a summary of other hash function parameters, see comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Hash function security summary
Hash_function_security_summary
Tables comparing general and technical information for common hashes
hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary. Basic general information about the cryptographic hash functions:
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Comparison_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Measure of cryptographic strength
cryptography, security level is a measure of the strength that a cryptographic primitive — such as a cipher or hash function — achieves. Security level is
Security_level
checksum. Hash function security summary Secure Hash Algorithms NIST hash function competition Key derivation functions (category) "Hash functions". www.azillionmonkeys
List_of_hash_functions
these functions are already broken, and are no longer in use. See Hash function security summary. Generally, the basic security of cryptographic hash functions
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Obsolete cryptographic hash function
The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm is an obsolete cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1989. The algorithm is optimized for 8-bit computers
MD2_(hash_function)
Cryptographic hash function
Tiger compression function, respectively. Hash function security summary Comparison of cryptographic hash functions List of hash functions Serpent – a block
Tiger_(hash_function)
Message-digest hashing algorithm
Wikifunctions has a function related to this topic. The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was
MD5
Cryptographic hash function
SHA-1 function. In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known
SHA-1
Russian cryptographic hash function
Cryptographic Information Security – Hash Function. The equivalent standard used by other member-states of the CIS is GOST 34.311-95. This function must not be confused
GOST_(hash_function)
Attacks against common ciphers
from random data. Block cipher Hash function security summary Time/memory/data tradeoff attack Transport Layer Security Bullrun (decryption program) —
Cipher_security_summary
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
Cryptographic hash function Hash function security summary Puzzle friendliness Rainbow table Random oracle RFC 4270: Attacks on Cryptographic Hashes in Internet
Preimage_attack
Set of cryptographic hash functions
function, not (yet) standardized by NIST, including a stream cipher, an authenticated encryption system, a "tree" hashing scheme for faster hashing on
SHA-3
Cryptography primitive
weaknesses that Panama's hash function has. In turn, RadioGatún inspired the new cryptographic standard SHA-3. Hash function security summary Daemen, Joan; Clapp
Panama_(cryptography)
Cryptographic hash function
Libgcrypt mbed TLS Nettle OpenSSL wolfSSL Hash function security summary Comparison of cryptographic hash functions Comparison of cryptography libraries Topics
RIPEMD
Russian cryptographic hash function
hash function defined in the Russian national standard GOST R 34.11-2012 Information Technology – Cryptographic Information Security – Hash Function.
Streebog
Cryptographic hash function
input string, whose length is 64 bytes . Hash function security summary Comparison of cryptographic hash functions MD2 MD5 MD6 Bert den Boer, Antoon Bosselaers:
MD4
Set of cryptographic hash functions
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published
SHA-2
Cryptographic hash function
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions Hash function security summary Ronald L. Rivest; et al. "The MD6 Hash Function" (PDF). Archived from the original
MD6
Family of authenticated ciphers
Ascon is a family of lightweight authenticated ciphers and hash functions that have been selected by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
Ascon_(cipher)
Class of fingerprinting algorithm
Azadeh Amir Asgari published work on robust image hash spoofing. Asgari notes that perceptual hash function like any other algorithm is prone to errors. Researchers
Perceptual_hashing
Cryptographic hash function
HAVAL is a cryptographic hash function. Unlike MD5, but like most modern cryptographic hash functions, HAVAL can produce hashes of different lengths – 128
HAVAL
Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
security summary Export of cryptography Comparison of cryptography libraries FBI–Apple encryption dispute Hash function security summary Security level
Strong_cryptography
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
use of knowledge gained from the public key. Birthday attack Hash function security summary Rainbow table Length extension attack Black-bag cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis
Hardware security module • Harold Keen • Harry Hinsley • Harvest (computer) • HAS-160 • Hash-based cryptography • Hashcash • Hash chain • Hash function security
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
broken in practice. The US National Security Agency developed the Secure Hash Algorithm series of MD5-like hash functions: SHA-0 was a flawed algorithm that
Cryptography
Concept in cryptography
cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single
Avalanche_effect
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
Information technology – Security techniques – Hash-functions – Part 1: General ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011 Information technology – Security techniques – Message
Padding_(cryptography)
Block cipher
tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish uses no S-boxes or other table
Threefish
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
provides developers with well known published block ciphers, one-way hash functions, chaining modes, pseudo-random number generators, public key cryptography
AES_implementations
Authenticated encryption mode
C)=X_{m+n+1}} , where H = E k ( 0 128 ) {\displaystyle H=E_{k}(0^{128})} is the hash key, a string of 128 zero bits encrypted using the block cipher; A {\displaystyle
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptography algorithm
internal IV. It derives a hash of the additional authenticated data and plaintext using the POLYVAL Galois hash function. The hash is then encrypted an AES-key
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Data structure for approximate set membership
different bit-fields of such a hash, so this type of hash can be used to generate multiple "different" hash functions by slicing its output into multiple
Bloom_filter
Wide-block cipher
encryption. It uses a new cipher construction called HBSH (hash, block cipher, stream cipher, hash), specifically choosing NH, 256-bit Advanced Encryption
Adiantum_(cipher)
Probabilistic data structure in computer science
table of events in a stream of data. It uses hash functions to map events to frequencies, but unlike a hash table uses only sub-linear space, at the expense
Count–min_sketch
Type of cipher
— Security techniques — Hash-functions — Part 2: Hash-functions using an n-bit block cipher". Menezes, van Oorschot & Vanstone 1996, Chapter 9: Hash Functions
Block_cipher
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
government and commercial data. In 1976, after consultation with the National Security Agency (NSA), the NBS selected a slightly modified version (strengthened
Data_Encryption_Standard
Digital signature scheme
are elliptic curve groups of prime order q {\displaystyle q} , and a hash function H {\displaystyle H} from the message space into G 1 {\displaystyle G_{1}}
BLS_digital_signature
Block cipher
to 512-bit. SHACAL-2 is a 256-bit block cipher based upon the larger hash function SHA-256. Both SHACAL-1 and SHACAL-2 were selected for the second phase
SHACAL
Block cipher
this key hashed with a hash function before use. In one application Blowfish's slow key changing is actually a benefit: the password-hashing method (crypt
Blowfish_(cipher)
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
pseudonymous developer Satoshi Nakamoto. It used SHA-256, a cryptographic hash function, in its proof-of-work scheme. In April 2011, Namecoin was created as
Cryptocurrency
Digital signature scheme
2{\sqrt {q}}} . The hash function H {\displaystyle H} is normally modelled as a random oracle in formal analyses of EdDSA's security. Within an EdDSA signature
EdDSA
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information
Differential_cryptanalysis
that time against a reduced-round Threefish cipher — part of the Skein hash function, a SHA-3 competition candidate. A follow-up attack from the same authors
Rotational_cryptanalysis
Cryptographic attack
Unix use a relatively expensive implementation of the crypt library function for hashing an 8-character password into an 11-character string. On older hardware
Timing_attack
Block cipher
cryptographic hash function. This weakness led to a method for hacking Microsoft's Xbox game console, where the cipher was used as a hash function. TEA is also
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
U.S. signals intelligence organization
especially high levels of protection. The widely used SHA-1 and SHA-2 hash functions were designed by NSA. SHA-1 is a slight modification of the weaker SHA-0
National_Security_Agency
Discontinued source-available disk encryption utility
512-bit salt and 1000 or 2000 iterations, depending on the underlying hash function used. TrueCrypt supports a concept called plausible deniability, by
TrueCrypt
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
key type, key length, and a hash algorithm. X.509 version v.3, with key type RSA, a 1024-bit key length, and the SHA-1 hash algorithm were found by NIST
Cryptographic_agility
Cryptography practises of the USA's National Security Agency
The vast majority of the National Security Agency's work on encryption is classified, but from time to time NSA participates in standards processes or
NSA_cryptography
Block cipher
size of 128 bits. MISTY1 has an innovative recursive structure; the round function itself uses a 3-round Feistel network. MISTY1 claims to be provably secure
MISTY1
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
34.12-2015, specifies that it may be referred to as Magma. The GOST hash function is based on this cipher. The new standard also specifies a new 128-bit
GOST_(block_cipher)
Message authentication code algorithm
compression function – Hash functions can be made from block ciphers. But note, there are significant differences in function and uses for security between
CBC-MAC
Cryptography construction
somewhat and given more precise bounds for security. Let F {\displaystyle \mathrm {F} } be the round function and let K 0 , K 1 , … , K n {\displaystyle
Feistel_cipher
Block cipher
Triple DES increases the effective security to 112 bits. A CVE released in 2016, CVE-2016-2183, disclosed a major security vulnerability in the DES and 3DES
Triple_DES
Process of developing the AES standard
Competition – Competition to design authenticated encryption schemes NIST hash function competition Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization "cryptology::
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
8 cpb for AES-256. AES modes of operation Disk encryption Whirlpool – hash function created by Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto List of free and
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
known plaintexts and 2121 memory but also requires 2237.5 time. Tiger – hash function by the same authors Huaxiong Wang, Hongjun Wu & Phuong Ha Nguyen (2011)
Serpent_(cipher)
System to verify the source and or authenticity of a message
Alfred J. Menezes; Paul C. van Oorschot; Scott A. Vanstone. "Chapter 9 - Hash Functions and Data Integrity" (PDF). Handbook of Applied Cryptography. p. 361
Message_authentication
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
The Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite (CNSA) is a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as a replacement
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Block cipher
256bit Ciphers - CLEFIA Reference implementation and derived code Sony Introduces CLEFIA Implementation of 128-bit CLEFIA codec and hash function v t e
CLEFIA
Block cipher
for small block sizes). The original Block TEA applies the XTEA round function to each word in the block and combines it additively with its leftmost
XXTEA
Algorithm
standard. Another application is to build hash functions from block ciphers. See one-way compression function for descriptions of several such methods
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Form of cryptanalysis
with a block cipher, this attack may also be applicable to certain hash functions such as MD5. The boomerang attack is based on differential cryptanalysis
Boomerang_attack
European cryptographic research project
Oswald, Elisabeth; Van Rompay, Bart; et al. (February 19, 2003). NESSIE Security Report (PDF) (Report). NESSIE Consortium. Archived from the original (PDF)
NESSIE
Software suite
cracking more difficult. airolib-ng can create a database of pre-computed hash tables by computing the Pairwise Master Keys (PMK) captured during the 4-way
Aircrack-ng
Chinese block cipher
(WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure), and with Transport Layer Security. SM4 was a cipher proposed for the IEEE 802.11i standard, but it has so
SM4_(cipher)
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
MITM attacks, it is applicable to both block ciphers and (iterated) hash-functions. Biclique attacks are known for having weakened both full AES and full
Biclique_attack
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
or they employ heuristics. Security software may also use a database of file "hashes" for Windows OS files, so the security software can identify altered
Computer_virus
Block ciphers
Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center. Along with Snefru, a cryptographic hash function, the ciphers were named after the Egyptian Pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and
Khufu_and_Khafre
Type of proprietary network protocol
which can be used to launch pass the hash attacks. In March 2012, Microsoft released an update for a critical security vulnerability in the RDP. The vulnerability
Remote_Desktop_Protocol
Block cipher
plaintexts. N-Hash "Q79: What is FEAL?". X5.net. Retrieved 2013-02-19. Eli Biham, Adi Shamir: Differential Cryptanalysis of Feal and N-Hash. EUROCRYPT 1991:
FEAL
Concept in information security
integrity, and availability Authentication and password security Encryption Hashing Application security Web application firewalls Vulnerability scanners Sandboxing
Defense_in_depth_(computing)
ColumnStore index, temporary hash index for hash join, Non/Cluster & fill factor. Note (5): InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index entries as needed
Comparison of relational database management systems
Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems
Mathematical function used in cryptography
output bit), T-functions are now widely used in cryptography to construct block ciphers, stream ciphers, PRNGs and hash functions. T-functions were first
T-function
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
vector used in the authentication. A proof of security exists for this combination, based on the security of the underlying block cipher. The proof also
CCM_mode
Block cipher
code omitted redundant parentheses, using C precedence to write the round function as e.g. v1 += (v0<<4 ^ v0>>5) + v0 ^ sum + k[sum>>11 & 3]; The recommended
XTEA
Web browser developed by Google
popularity and taking market share from Internet Explorer, which had noted security problems. Chrome is based on the open-source code of the Chromium project
Google_Chrome
Block cipher
generator. KASUMI was designed for 3GPP to be used in UMTS security system by the Security Algorithms Group of Experts (SAGE), a part of the European
KASUMI
Block cipher
also been approved for Government of Canada use by the Communications Security Establishment. The algorithm was created in 1996 by Carlisle Adams and
CAST-128
Cipher design construction
by Bart Preneel, Vincent Rijmen, and Antoon Bosselaers. "The Skein Hash Function Family" Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine 2008 by Niels Ferguson
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
simply the 32-bit address; for IPv6, it would be the first 32 bits of the MD5 hash of the source address. Refids serve to detect and prevent timing loops to
Network_Time_Protocol
Block ciphers
Anderson and Eli Biham by combining a stream cipher and a cryptographic hash function. The algorithms use a very large variable block size, on the order of
BEAR_and_LION_ciphers
Block cipher
Schneier, Bruce (2005-11-23). "Twofish Cryptanalysis Rumors". Schneier on Security blog. Retrieved 2013-01-14. Bruce Schneier; John Kelsey; Doug Whiting;
Twofish
Guard eXtensions SHA—Secure Hash Algorithms SHA-1—Secure Hash Algorithm 1 SHA-2—Secure Hash Algorithm 2 SHA-3—Secure Hash Algorithm 3 SHDSL—Single-pair
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Block cipher
Cryptographic nonce Cryptovirology Hash function Cryptographic hash function Key derivation function Secure Hash Algorithms Digital signature Kleptography
MARS_(cipher)
Parallel programming model
typical default is to hash the key and use the hash value modulo the number of reducers. It is important to pick a partition function that gives an approximately
MapReduce
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
attacks. A special form of credential recycling is pass the hash, where unsalted hashed credentials are stolen and re-used without first being brute-forced
Brute-force_attack
Block cipher
Initially, the details of the algorithm were kept secret — proprietary to RSA Security — but on 29 January 1996, source code for RC2 was anonymously posted to
RC2
Family of lightweight block ciphers
distinguishing attack model, nor did the designers evaluate Simon for use as a hash function. As of 2018, no successful attack on full-round Simon of any variant
Simon_(cipher)
Data encryption and authentication program
considering it to be insecure. PGP encryption uses a serial combination of hashing, data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and finally public-key cryptography;
Pretty_Good_Privacy
Form of cryptanalysis
random. To prove that a cryptographic function is safe, it is often compared to a random oracle. If a function were a random oracle, then an attacker
Distinguishing_attack
Block cipher
odd modulus n which is small enough to fit in a single block. The round function is f(m)=(moa)·b mod n, where a and b are subkeys and b is coprime to n
Xmx
Earliest civilian block ciphers
final permutations. The key and block sizes are both 128 bits. The Feistel function operates on a 64-bit half-block of data, together with a 64-bit subkey
Lucifer_(cipher)
British cipher machine
on the commercial Enigma, it was significantly enhanced to increase its security, providing robust encrypted military and government communications from
Typex
Type of cryptographic statistical attack
The rebound attack is a tool in the cryptanalysis of cryptographic hash functions. The attack was first published in 2009 by Florian Mendel, Christian
Rebound_attack
Family of block ciphers
distinguishing attack model, nor did the designers evaluate Speck for use as a hash function. As of 2018, no successful attack on full-round Speck of any variant
Speck_(cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
corruption of Pn−1. Daemen, Joan (1995). "2.5.1 and 2.5.2". Cipher and Hash Function Design, Strategies Based on Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis (PDF)
Ciphertext_stealing
Open-source distributed ledger and cryptocurrency
Currency Initiative (DCI) reported on potential security flaws with IOTA's former Curl-P-27 hash function. The IOTA Foundation received considerable backlash
IOTA_(technology)
Spreadsheet editor by Microsoft
bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords
Microsoft_Excel
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, Chinese, English, Gujarati, Indian
Form of Ashley; Ash Tree Meadow
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian, Japanese
Mysterious Function
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near an ash tree, or a habitational name from a place named with the Old English word æsc (see Ash). The Anglo-Norman French preposition de ‘of’, ‘from’ has become fused to the name.Americanized spelling of German Dasch.Indian : variant of Das.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Security. Deposit.
Boy/Male
Indian
Friction
Male
Hindi/Indian
(यश) Hindi name YASH means "glory."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Dweller by the Ash Tree; Adventurer; Cliff
Male
English
 Short form of English unisex Ashley, ASH means "ash-tree grove."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic
Security; Safety
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a swift runner or a timorous person, from Middle High German, Middle Low German hase ‘hare’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Hase ‘hare’.English : from a Middle English nickname, Hase, from Old English hÄs ‘harsh, raucous, or hoarse voice’.Japanese : usually written with characters meaning ‘long valley’; habitational name from a place in Yamato (now Nara prefecture). Listed in the Shinsen shÅjiroku. Some bearers are descended from the Taira clan; they are found mainly in eastern Japan. Also pronounced Nagaya and Nagatani; the original pronunciation was Hatsuse, meaning ‘beginning of the strait’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Security Guard
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by an ash tree, a variant of Ash by misdivision of Middle English atten ash ‘at the ash’, or a habitational name from any of the many places in England and Wales named Nash, from this phrase, as for example Nash in Buckinghamshire, Herefordshire, or Shropshire. The name was established from an early date in Wales and Ireland.Jewish : of unknown origin, possibly an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.The surname Nash was taken to Ireland from England or Wales by a family who established themselves in Co. Kerry in the 13th century, during the second wave of Anglo-Norman settlement.
Boy/Male
Greek
Security.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Safety Security
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name HANH means "has good conduct."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian
From the Ash Tree Farm; Ash Trees Meadow; Felicitous
Boy/Male
Arabic
Security
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Greek, Latin
Security; Pledge
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : nickname from Middle English boner(e), bonour ‘gentle’, ‘courteous’, ‘handsome’ (Old French bonnaire, from the phrase de bon(ne) aire ‘of good bearing or appearance’, from which also comes modern English debonair).Welsh : Anglicized form of Welsh ap Ynyr ‘son of Ynyr’, a common medieval personal name derived from Latin Honorius.Swedish : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Flower
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Bhavani
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Dancer
Boy/Male
Muslim
Another name of prophet Muhammad
Girl/Female
German Norse
Protected.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tyag
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a variant of the personal name Julian.English : habitational name from either of two places in North Yorkshire, Gilling East and Gilling West, named in Old English as ‘(settlement of) the people (Old English ingas) of a man called Ḡthia or Gētla’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Home
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Lamp of God
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
HASH FUNCTION-SECURITY-SUMMARY
n.
Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity practiced on prisoners of war.
n.
A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.
n.
The act of joining, or the state of being joined; union; combination; coalition; as, the junction of two armies or detachments; the junction of paths.
n.
The place or point of union, meeting, or junction; specifically, the place where two or more lines of railway meet or cross.
n.
The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
v. t.
To supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions.
a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.
v. t.
The act of uniting, or the state of being united; junction.
v. t.
To scold; to berate; to satirize; to censure with severity; as, to lash vice.
n.
Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or government; severity of penalties.
n.
The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or heat; the severity of the winter.
v. t.
To sell by auction.
v. t.
To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
a.
Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.
n.
To /hop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to hash meat.
n.
The things sold by auction or put up to auction.
n.
The act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; as, by a mere fiction of the mind.
n.
Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of a test.
n.
The condition or quality of being insecure; want of safety; danger; hazard; as, the insecurity of a building liable to fire; insecurity of a debt.
n.
The act of anointing, smearing, or rubbing with an unguent, oil, or ointment, especially for medical purposes, or as a symbol of consecration; as, mercurial unction.