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Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
Strong cryptography or cryptographically strong are general terms used to designate the cryptographic algorithms that, when used correctly, provide a
Strong_cryptography
Activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography
A cypherpunk is one who advocates the widespread use of strong cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a means of effecting social and political
Cypherpunk
Cryptographic application programming interface
Bouncy Castle is a collection of APIs used for implementing cryptography in computer programs. It includes APIs for both the Java and the C# programming
Bouncy_Castle_(cryptography)
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Cryptography, or cryptology, is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally,
Cryptography
in response to United States federal legislation on the export of strong cryptography in the 1990s. The legislation had limited encryption to weak algorithms
Server-Gated_Cryptography
Topics referred to by the same term
commonly refers to: Cryptography, the practice and study of hiding information Cryptocurrency, a type of digital currency based on cryptography Crypto or krypto
Crypto
Number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm
In cryptography, key size or key length refers to the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher). Key length defines
Key_size
Encryption device promoted by the NSA in the 1990s
were part of cryptographic software that was exported. These attempts were largely made moot by the widespread use of strong cryptographic technologies
Clipper_chip
Disused cipher that was used historically
Renaissance ciphers, World War II cryptography such as the Enigma machine, and others. Conversely, modern strong cryptography relies on new algorithms and
Classical_cipher
Encryption protocol
distribution of normal cryptographic software completely impossible. CipherSaber was invented by Arnold Reinhold to keep strong cryptography in the hands of
CipherSaber
Set of security requirements for card processors
components. Protect stored account data. Protect cardholder data with strong cryptography during transmission over open, public networks. Protect all systems
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standard
Approach to public-key cryptography
Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Variable containing a public key in Windows NT 4.0
contained a 1024-bit public key; public keys are used in public-key cryptography for encryption and digital signature verification (but not decryption
NSAKEY
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
= hash(m2). Such a pair is called a cryptographic hash collision. This property is sometimes referred to as strong collision resistance. It requires a
Cryptographic_hash_function
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
In cryptography, encryption (more specifically, encoding) is the process of transforming information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can
Encryption
Framework for encryption and keys
On those versions and later, the stronger cryptographic algorithms are available by default." "Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength
Java_Cryptography_Extension
Attempts to limit access to strong cryptography
the United States (US) and allied governments to limit access to cryptography strong enough to thwart decryption by national intelligence agencies, especially
Crypto_Wars
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical
History_of_cryptography
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a
Public-key_cryptography
Cryptogram • Cryptographically Generated Address • Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator • Cryptographically strong • Cryptographic Application
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
issuer of the token. The token is protected from manipulation with strong cryptography. The client then presents the token to an application to gain access
Security_token_service
Traffic prioritization and measure of network performance
reservation approach for mobile wireless multirate adhoc networks. Strong cryptography network protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer, I2P, and virtual
Quality_of_service
Freedom of communication and expression through various media
and strong cryptography: In addition to Internet-based publishing, the Internet (in combination with anonymity software such as Tor and cryptography) allows
Freedom_of_the_press
Public recursive DNS resolver based in Switzerland
use standards-based strong cryptography to protect the privacy of its users' DNS queries, and the first to use DNSSEC cryptographic validation to protect
Quad9
2012 book by Julian Assange
control physical reality. Assange later wrote in The Guardian: "Strong cryptography is a vital tool in fighting state oppression." saying that was the
Cypherpunks_(book)
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also referred to as a cryptographic random number generator (CRNG). Most cryptographic applications require random
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Concept in data security
data must comply with current PCI standards, including the use of strong cryptography. Tokenization is currently in standards definition in ANSI X9 as
Tokenization_(data_security)
Type of authentication protocol
impractical to implement a true nonce, a strong cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator and cryptographic hash function can generate challenges
Challenge–response authentication
Challenge–response_authentication
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
cryptosystem) such as RSAES-OAEP, and public-key key encapsulation. In RSA-based cryptography, a user's private key—which can be used to sign messages, or decrypt
RSA_cryptosystem
Software company in Canada
users. Being based in Canada allowed it to circumvent the US ban on strong cryptography, considered "munitions" at the time. ZKS was featured in Wired magazine
Zero_Knowledge_Systems
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem
Quantum_cryptography
Web browser made by Mozilla
websites. It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol. The freely available HTTPS Everywhere
Firefox
authority Public key fingerprint Secret sharing Internet key exchange Strong cryptography Brute-force attack Dictionary attack Padding oracle attack Pass the
List of cybersecurity information technologies
List_of_cybersecurity_information_technologies
Book by David Kahn
did not cover the advent of strong cryptography in the public domain, beginning with the invention of public key cryptography and the specification of the
The_Codebreakers
strong cryptography for the Apache v1.3 and v2 webserver via the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) cryptographic
Mod_ssl
Transfer from the United States to another country of technology related to cryptography
The export of cryptography from the United States to other countries has experienced various levels of restrictions over time. World War II illustrated
Export of cryptography from the United States
Export_of_cryptography_from_the_United_States
Type of prime number
mathematics, a strong prime is a prime number with certain special properties. The definitions of strong primes are different in cryptography and number theory
Strong_prime
United States law preventing export of military technologies
Munitions List changes over time. Until 1996–1997, ITAR classified strong cryptography as arms and prohibited their export from the U.S. Another change
International Traffic in Arms Regulations
International_Traffic_in_Arms_Regulations
A cryptographic service provider (CSP) is a package that "provides a concrete implementation of certain cryptographic services." A CSP offers operations
Cryptographic Service Provider
Cryptographic_Service_Provider
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
exchange is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first protocols as conceived
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
Surveillance strategy
strategy has led to concerns about the need to urgently deploy post-quantum cryptography; even though no practical quantum attacks yet exist, some data stored
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
transposition cipher much harder to explain. Second, the lack of a strong cryptographic tradition suggests – almost requires – a correspondingly weak cryptanalytic
Japanese cryptology from the 1500s to Meiji
Japanese_cryptology_from_the_1500s_to_Meiji
American historian and writer (1930–2024)
did it cover the advent of strong cryptography in the public domain, beginning with the invention of public key cryptography and the specification of the
David_Kahn_(writer)
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
In cryptography, a pepper is a secret added to an input such as a password during hashing with a cryptographic hash function. This value differs from
Pepper_(cryptography)
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
chief engineer Harold Keen. After the war, interrogation of German cryptographic personnel led to the conclusion that German cryptanalysts understood
Ultra_(cryptography)
Device installed in a vehicle to discourage theft
[citation needed] Keyless remote car alarms are typically based on strong cryptography authentication methods: Radio receiver Immobilizer Motion detector
Car_alarm
Key derivation function
In cryptography, PBKDF1 and PBKDF2 (Password-Based Key Derivation Function 1 and 2) are key derivation functions with a sliding computational cost, used
PBKDF2
American computer security company
its early years, RSA and its leaders were prominent advocates of strong cryptography for public use, while the NSA and the Bush and Clinton administrations
RSA_Security
American computer scientist (born 1963)
"kid sister cryptography", writing in the Preface to Applied Cryptography that: There are two kinds of cryptography in this world: cryptography that will
Bruce_Schneier
Exponentation in modular arithmetic
is useful in computer science, especially in the field of public-key cryptography, where it is used in both Diffie–Hellman key exchange and RSA public/private
Modular_exponentiation
Political ideology
Crypto Anarchy?", May writes: Some of us believe various forms of strong cryptography will cause the power of the state to decline, perhaps even collapse
Crypto-anarchy
Repeated basic operation in a cryptosystem
In cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated (iterated) multiple times inside the algorithm. Splitting a large
Round_(cryptography)
Operating system
portability, standardization, correctness, proactive security, and integrated cryptography. The OpenBSD project maintains portable versions of many subsystems as
OpenBSD
Information classified since created; generally referring to nuclear weapons
although it has also been used to classify other nuclear technologies and cryptography data. The United States Department of Energy has called the born secret
Born_secret
Computer data measurements and scales
PMID 10984064. S2CID 75923. "To Boil the Oceans". Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger. 10 February 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2021. Given as 1042 erg K−1 in Bekenstein
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Book by Matt Curtin
history. The message was unencrypted on June 18 and was found to be "Strong cryptography makes the world a safer place." This is also the message of Curtin's
Brute Force: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard
Brute_Force:_Cracking_the_Data_Encryption_Standard
Social movement concerning creative works
Anatoly G. Volynets Cypherpunk – Activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography Free content – Free licensed works in any field Free education –
Free-culture_movement
Open competition to select password hash functions
the Password Hashing Competition was to raise awareness of the need for strong password hash algorithms, hopefully avoiding a repeat of previous password
Password_Hashing_Competition
Award
Prize for real-world cryptography is a prize given to people or organizations who are recognized for contributions to cryptography that have a significant
Levchin_Prize
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is unknown. In
Cryptanalysis
of participants was still increasing rapidly. The solution was: Strong cryptography makes the world a safer place. The owner of the computer that found
DESCHALL_Project
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
modern applications, it has been highly influential in the advancement of cryptography. Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by
Data_Encryption_Standard
Method of exchanging information securely
banking at UBS AG (Union Bank of Switzerland) with the advent of strong cryptography in industry standard browsers. 2001: Google search engine indexes
Secure_messaging
Cryptography algorithm
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide information security such as confidentiality or authenticity
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with variable quality for a long time. This is despite the paradox that secrecy is of the essence
Bibliography_of_cryptography
Cryptographic software in OpenBSD
accelerators are in common use and have strong operating system support, the use of hardware in cryptography has had relatively low uptake.[citation needed]
OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework
OpenBSD_Cryptographic_Framework
Free software package management system
version 0.6 of APT which introduced the Secure APT feature, using strong cryptographic signing to authenticate the package repositories. APT was originally
APT_(software)
identify a component. This identification relies in part on public-key cryptography. Strong names ensure reliable binding between components, or between a root
Strong_key
Applications on prior releases were required to explicitly opt into stronger cryptography – including Visual Studio itself. This increasingly caused programs
.NET Framework version history
.NET_Framework_version_history
American lexicographer and Internet activist
Works, was investigated for the export of strong cryptography; the US government at the time treated cryptographic software above a certain strength as the
Grady_Ward
Property of cryptographic hash functions
In cryptography, collision resistance is a property of cryptographic hash functions: a hash function H is collision-resistant if it is hard to find two
Collision_resistance
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
In cryptography, a brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or
Brute-force_attack
Server on which public keys are stored for others to use
a key server is a computer that receives and then serves existing cryptographic keys to users or other programs. The users' programs can be running
Key_server_(cryptographic)
Physical computing device
encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. These modules traditionally come in the form
Hardware_security_module
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master
Key_derivation_function
Security definition for digital signatures
In a cryptographic digital signature or MAC system, digital signature forgery is the ability to create a pair consisting of a message, m {\displaystyle
Digital_signature_forgery
Unreproducible object used in digital security
that can be made asymptotically optimal, one can extract a unique strong cryptographic key from the physical microstructure. The same unique key is reconstructed
Physical_unclonable_function
Concept to reduce computer security risks
or changing state diagram or algorithm by independent hardware. Strong cryptography Martiny, Karsten; Motzek, Alexander; Möller, Ralf (2015). Formalizing
Defense_strategy_(computing)
Algorithms to produce pseudo-random numbers
\mathrm {seed} )} ! This yields a strong, cryptographically-secure source of randomness[citation needed]. But cryptographically-secure pseudorandom number generators
Counter-based random number generator
Counter-based_random_number_generator
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating
Message_authentication_code
In cryptography, the white-box model refers to an extreme attack scenario, in which an adversary has full unrestricted access to a cryptographic implementation
White-box_cryptography
independent security audit. Jami Softphone and messenger utilizing DHT and strong cryptography Yes Yes GPLv3 ? Formerly named "GNU Ring" and "SFLphone". Lantern
List of free and open-source Android applications
List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications
Prime pair of the form (p, 2p+1)
Sophie Germain primes and safe primes have applications in public key cryptography and primality testing. It has been conjectured that there are infinitely
Safe and Sophie Germain primes
Safe_and_Sophie_Germain_primes
Security features as used in OpenBSD operating system
software for strong cryptography into the core operating system. To this end, a number of low-level features are provided, including a source of strong pseudo
OpenBSD_security_features
Computational concept
Exposure-Resilient cryptography in which the desired extractor is used as an Exposure-Resilient Function (ERF). Exposure-Resilient cryptography takes into account
Randomness_extractor
Aspect of wireless networks
Security Standard (PCI DSS) version 4.0 Requirement 4.2 mandates strong cryptography for transmission of cardholder data over open, public networks including
Wireless_security
How often each letter appears in written language
Captain Kidd.[citation needed] Herbert S. Zim, in his classic introductory cryptography text Codes and Secret Writing, gives the English letter frequency sequence
Letter_frequency
American researcher
while working for AT&T, Blaze implemented a strong cryptographic package known as "CFS", the Cryptographic File System, for Unix, since ported to Linux
Matt_Blaze
Encryption technique
one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than
One-time_pad
Electronic money
uses the idea of a gold-based digital currency in combination with strong cryptography. The novel Minerva by Robert P. Murphy features DGCs prominently
Digital_gold_currency
Mechanism for authenticating cryptographic keys
In cryptography, a web of trust is a concept used in PGP, GnuPG, and other OpenPGP-compatible systems to establish the authenticity of the binding between
Web_of_trust
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
Homomorphic encryption can be viewed as an extension of public-key cryptography, because ciphertexts can be manipulated algebraically to produce an encrypted
Homomorphic_encryption
PHP web application and component framework
applications using getopt syntax or routing, complete with prompts Crypt Strong cryptography tools and password hashing. DB Database abstraction layer, SQL abstraction
Laminas
Smart payment card standard
details, which the card issuer can check in real time. This provides a strong cryptographic check that the card is genuine. The issuer responds to an authorization
EMV
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
Agency (NSA) for top secret information when used in an NSA approved cryptographic module. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in these standards:
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Cryptographic technique
In cryptography, domain separation is a construct used to implement multiple different functions using only one underlying template in an efficient way
Domain_separation
Function used in computer cryptography
Cryptography" Archived 2012-04-21 at the Wayback Machine. Summer course on cryptography, MIT, 1996–2001. Many authors view this definition as strong one-way
One-way_function
Mathematical object
also in other areas. In particular, they have a significant place in cryptography. Micciancio defined a generalization of cyclic lattices as ideal lattices
Ideal_lattice
secure communication channel with the contactless chip, but using stronger cryptography than BAC. PACE offers an excellent protection against offline attacks
Supplemental_access_control
Method to set encryption keys
In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs
Pre-shared_key
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRONG means "respected."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English spong ‘narrow strip of land’, or a habitational name from Spong Farm in Elmstead, Kent, which is named with this word.Swedish : topographic or ornamental name from spång ‘footbridge’, ‘plank’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Stroud.German (Ströde) : topographic name from a dialect word meaning ‘thicket’.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name, from Middle English, Old French trone ‘weighing machine’.
Boy/Male
English
Stone
Surname or Lastname
English (southern)
English (southern) : habitational name from places in Gloucestershire and Middlesex, so named from Old English strÅd ‘marshy ground overgrown with brushwood’. Strood in Kent is named with the same word, and some examples of the surname are no doubt derived from this term in independent use.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRUNG means "loyal."
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Strong; Stung
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : perhaps, as Reaney suggests, a variant of Strutt.
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRANG means "honorable."
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Girl/Female
Biblical
His plain; his song.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an incomer, a newcomer to an area, from Middle English strange ‘foreign’ (a reduced form of Old French estrange, Latin extraneus, from extra ‘outside’).
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
Boy/Male
Hindu
Tirandaj
Boy/Male
Muslim
Faithful. Trustworthy.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Ioannes, JÃNOS means "God is gracious."
Female
Bulgarian
, ten-glory (?).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lamp of Beauty
Girl/Female
Indian
A vedic Mantra praising the Sun, A sacred verse, A Goddess, Mother of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who serves the comforter.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Aristocratic Lady
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sly.
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
STRONG CRYPTOGRAPHY
superl.
Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust.
superl.
Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.
superl.
Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.
adv.
In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.
a.
Strong.
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
superl.
Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
superl.
Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.
imp.
of String
superl.
Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
p. p.
of String