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Part of the genetic makeup of a cell which determines one of its characteristics
The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries
Genotype
Laboratory process
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using
Genotyping
Combination of alleles in more than one place
A multilocus genotype is the combination of alleles found at two or more loci in a single individual. For example, in a diploid species, if there are two
Multilocus_genotype
Distinction made in genetics
The genotype–phenotype distinction is drawn in genetics. The "genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information. The "phenotype" is an organism's
Genotype–phenotype distinction
Genotype–phenotype_distinction
2026 studio album by Textures
Genotype is the sixth studio album by the Dutch progressive metalcore band Textures. It was released on 23 January 2026 via Kscope. Music videos were released
Genotype_(album)
allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. Genotype frequency in a population is the number of individuals with a given genotype divided by the total
Genotype_frequency
Composite of the organism's observable characteristics or traits
factors: the expression of an organism's unique profile of genes (its genotype) and the influence of environmental factors experienced by that same organism
Phenotype
Measurement of genetic variations
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species. It is a form of genotyping
SNP_genotyping
Laboratory process
red cells). These antigens form the (molecular) basis of blood types. Genotyping has greatly reduced the cost of extended blood typing beyond ABO and RhD
Blood_group_genotyping
Conceptual model in genetic architecture
The genotype–phenotype map is a conceptual model in genetic architecture. Coined in a 1991 paper by Pere Alberch, it models the interdependency of genotype
Genotype–phenotype_map
Expected reproductive success
defined either with respect to a genotype or to a phenotype in a given environment or time. The fitness of a genotype is manifested through its phenotype
Fitness_(biology)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes refer to the genetic variations that occurs in the hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis C is a contagious disease that primarily
HCV_genotypes
(see SNP genotyping). Due to the increasing abundance of NGS data, these techniques are becoming increasingly popular for performing SNP genotyping, with
SNV_calling_from_NGS_data
The genotype-first approach is a type of strategy used in genetic epidemiological studies to associate specific genotypes to apparent clinical phenotypes
Genotype-first_approach
Principle in genetics
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation
Hardy–Weinberg_principle
Statistical method for DNA profiling
Probabilistic genotyping is the use of statistical methods and mathematical algorithms in DNA Profiling. It may be used instead of manual methods in difficult
Probabilistic_genotyping
sequencing, genotyping by sequencing, also called GBS, is a method to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to perform genotyping studies
Genotyping_by_sequencing
Variant of DNA sequence at a locus
heterozygous genotypes), "Type B" (produced by IBIB homozygous and IBi heterozygous genotypes), "Type AB" produced by IAIB heterozygous genotype, and "Type
Allele
Dependence of environmental conditions on individual genotype
correlation (or genotype–environment correlation) is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions depends on an individual's genotype. Gene–environment
Gene–environment_correlation
Species of virus
The minor genotypes diverged about 200 years ago from their major genotypes. All of the extant genotypes appear to have evolved from genotype 1 subtype
Hepatitis_C_virus
Human with cells of different genotypes
A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism. An organism that contains
Human_chimera
Noninvasive genotyping is a modern technique for obtaining DNA for genotyping that is characterized by the indirect sampling of specimen, not requiring
Noninvasive_genotyping
One gene variant masking the effect of another in the other copy of the gene
associated with allele r. In this case, three combinations of alleles (genotypes) are possible: RR, Rr, and rr. The RR (homozygous) individuals have round
Dominance_(genetics)
File format for genomic variation data
the 1000 Genomes Project and has since been used by other large-scale genotyping and DNA sequencing projects. VCF is a common output format for variant
Variant_Call_Format
Extra X and Y chromosome in males
XXYY syndrome is a sex chromosome anomaly in which males have two extra chromosomes, one X and one Y chromosome. Human cells usually contain two sex chromosomes
XXYY_syndrome
Tabular summary of genetic combinations
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald
Punnett_square
Dutch progressive metalcore band
fifth album, Phenotype. It was recorded at the same time as another album, Genotype, which was set to be released in 2017, and both could be considered the
Textures_(band)
Subtype of influenza A virus
Jia CX, Xiong KJ, Sun YH, Zhang XW, Wu XM, Gao XB, Li TX (2005). "New Genotype of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Isolated from Tree Sparrows in China".
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H5N1
Statistical inference of unobserved genotypes
In genetics, imputation is the statistical inference of unobserved genotypes. It is achieved by using known haplotypes in a population, for instance from
Imputation_(genetics)
Type of biological inheritance
which can visually demonstrate all the possible genotypes that an offspring can receive, given the genotypes of their parents. Each parent carries two alleles
Mendelian_inheritance
Influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype
not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics, maternal effects occur
Maternal_effect
Categorical data analysis trend
become smaller as the dose increases. The trend test is often used as a genotype-based test for case-control genetic association studies. The trend test
Cochran–Armitage test for trend
Cochran–Armitage_test_for_trend
Aspect of population genetics
the pure-bred homozygote parental strain with genotype AABB with a different pure-bred strain with genotype aabb. A and a and B and b represent the alleles
Genetic_linkage
Mistress Luna Mausoleum Blues rock, desert rock New Heavy Sounds Textures Genotype Progressive metalcore, djent Kscope Van Morrison Somebody Tried to Sell
List_of_2026_albums
Ability of a system to resist change without adapting its initial stable configuration
A network of genotypes linked by mutations. Each genotype is made up of 3 genes: a, b & c. Each gene can be one of two alleles. Lines link different phenotypes
Robustness
Evolutionary process
evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population. In positive frequency-dependent
Frequency-dependent_selection
Measure in population genetics
difference between the fitness of an average genotype in a population and the fitness of some reference genotype, which may be either the best present in
Genetic_load
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
used to visualize the relationship between genotypes and reproductive success. It is assumed that every genotype has a well-defined replication rate (often
Fitness_landscape
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901
Faskhutdinova, Gulnaz; Kittler, Ellen L. W.; Moliaka, Yuri K. (2009), "Genotype Analysis Identifies the Cause of the "Royal Disease"", Science, 326 (5954):
Queen_Victoria
of statistical estimation of haplotypes from genotype data. The most common situation arises when genotypes are collected at a set of polymorphic sites
Haplotype_estimation
Measure used in population genetics
population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description
Selection_coefficient
Response to the same environmental variation differently by different genotypes
Gene–environment interaction (or genotype–environment interaction or G×E) is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different
Gene–environment_interaction
Evolutionary biology hypothesis
and famine).[citation needed] According to the hypothesis, the 'thrifty' genotype would have been advantageous for hunter-gatherer populations, especially
Thrifty_gene_hypothesis
Proportion of individuals that express the trait associated with an allele
proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (genotype) that also expresses an associated trait (phenotype). In medical genetics
Penetrance
Degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism
hemizygous are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism at a single locus on the DNA. Homozygous describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles
Zygosity
Domestic cat with distinctive coat markings
and this allele is dominant over the others. So a TaTa genotype as well as TaTm and TaTb genotypes are ticked tabbies. The ticked tabby coat essentially
Tabby_cat
Measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype
produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype. It is a form of evolutionary robustness. The term was coined in 1942 by
Canalisation_(genetics)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the TAS2R38 gene. TAS2R38 is a bitter taste receptor; varying genotypes of TAS2R38 influence the ability to taste both 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)
TAS2R38
Relative frequency of a variant of a gene at a particular locus in a population
frequency is distinct from the genotype frequency, although they are related, and allele frequencies can be calculated from genotype frequencies. In population
Allele_frequency
Mixed-breed dog with socio-environmental typology
49°) Source GWAS-based numerical taxonomy B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) Genotype–phenotype mapping of color patterns is nonetheless bound to overlapping
Caramelo_(dog)
Pharaoh of Egypt from 1333 to 1324 BC
Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen (Ancient Egyptian: twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn; c. 1342 BC – c. 1323 BC), was the antepenultimate pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient
Tutankhamun
Acute infectious disease of the liver
subgenotype IIB. Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I. Of genotype I isolates, subtype
Hepatitis_A
Genetic mutation affecting the colour of budgerigars
these varieties may be masking many other hypostatic mutations, so the genotype of an Albino or Lutino with respect to these mutations cannot be determined
Ino_budgerigar_mutation
two or more distinct genotypes rearranges in the course of time, giving birth to a spatial organization where some or all genotypes are concentrated in
Genetic_demixing
Rate at which mutations occur during some unit of time
genome of a single species. Mutation rates can also differ even between genotypes of the same species; for example, bacteria have been observed to evolve
Mutation_rate
Herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles
VZV genotypes. Sequence analysis of VZV isolates identified both shared and specific markers for every genotype and validated a unified VZV genotyping strategy
Varicella_zoster_virus
Study of the inheritance of continuously variable traits
effect size, the mean and the variance) to link phenotypes (attributes) to genotypes. Some phenotypes may be analyzed either as discrete categories or as continuous
Quantitative_genetics
Fur and skin colour variations of the show pet
Variation Genotype Black aa
Syrian_hamster_variations
2016 studio album by Textures
Blast Records. The album was recorded at the same time as another album, Genotype, which was set to be released in 2017. Both albums were based around the
Phenotype_(album)
Human viral infection
genotype. In the United States, about 70% of cases are caused by genotype 1, 20% by genotype 2, and about 1% by each of the other genotypes. Genotype
Hepatitis_C
Danish botanist and geneticist (1857–1927)
geneticist. He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics. Johannsen was born
Wilhelm_Johannsen
Classes of computational models
distributed grass. Each color represents the spatial extent of a distinct genotype in a microscale model using stochastic cellular automata. Each curve on
Microscale and macroscale models
Microscale_and_macroscale_models
Most common genetic condition leading to color blindness
correlated to genotype. The genotype can be directly evaluated by sequencing the OPN1MW and OPN1LW genes. The correlation between genotype and phenotype
Congenital red–green color blindness
Congenital_red–green_color_blindness
Protein found in humans
inheritance of the GG or GA genotype is observed while the AA genotype is recessive. The phenotypes expressed by the genotypes include cerumen type (wet
ABCC11
Ability to digest milk after infancy
advantage exists for lactase persistence, and the lactase persistence genotype and phenotype remains rare. For example, in East Asia, historical sources
Lactase_persistence
State of unresponsiveness of the immune system
Schematic of the reaction norm of tolerance (after). Organisms of genotype 2 are considered more tolerant to the pathogen than organisms of genotype 1.
Immune_tolerance
Genus of bacteria
Leptospira (from Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós) 'fine, thin, narrow, etc.' and Latin spira 'coil') is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small
Leptospira
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
Cruciani, Fulvio (24 June 2015). "Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal
Berbers
Grouping by physical or social qualities
gradations in allele frequencies rather than from distinctive 'diagnostic' genotypes." Using a sample of 40 populations distributed roughly evenly across the
Race_(human_categorization)
Individuals nearly identical in genotype due to long inbreeding
individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. A strain is generally defined to be inbred once
Inbred_strain
Data structure and types for evolutionary computation
suitable genotype-phenotype mapping: All possible admissible solutions must be contained in the search space. When more possible genotypes exist than
Genetic_representation
Effect in population genetics
each population is in an internal Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, so that the genotype frequencies AA, Aa and aa are p2, 2pq, and q2 respectively for each population
Wahlund_effect
Inflammation of the liver
ribavirin, based on the patient's genotype, delineated as genotypes 1–6. Genotype 1 (GT1), which is the most prevalent genotype in the United States and around
Hepatitis
Degree to which a phenotype is expressed
degree to which a phenotype is expressed by individuals having a particular genotype. Alternatively, it may refer to the expression of a particular gene by
Expressivity_(genetics)
Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman
Luzia Woman (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈzi.ɐ]) is the name for an Upper Paleolithic period Paleo-Indian woman whose skeletal remains were found in a
Luzia_Woman
Type of genetic marker
and genotype DNA sequence polymorphisms mainly in form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphisms that are identified and genotyped by isolating
Restriction site associated DNA markers
Restriction_site_associated_DNA_markers
Species of virus
major genotypes (I–IV) of OROV. Genotype I was isolated from strains in Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Tocantins, Pará, Trinidad, and Tobago. Genotype II was
Oropouche_virus
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
biotype 1, two distinct genotypes have been isolated, the C-genotype (clinical) and the E-genotype (environmental). The C-genotype is associated with human
Vibrio_vulnificus
One of the two categories of Indigenous Australians
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology using large-scale genotyping data from a pool of Aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, island Southeast
Aboriginal_Australians
Allele association in population genetics
loci. Each genotype (combination of alleles) is represented by a circle which has an area proportional to the frequency of that genotype, with a column
Linkage_disequilibrium
Cultivation of plants and animals to produce foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials
for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping". PNAS. 102 (41): 14694–14699. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10214694S. doi:10.1073/pnas
Agriculture
Classification based on antibodies and antigens on RBC surfaces
blood group genotyping, commonly known as red cell genotyping. In contrast to serologic tests reporting a direct blood type phenotype, genotyping allows the
Blood_type
Testing to identify incompatibilities between blood types
drugs may show spurious agglutination reactions in serologic testing, so genotyping may be necessary to determine their blood type accurately. Genetic testing
Blood_compatibility_testing
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
onset, complicated disease behavior, risk for surgery, and NOD2/CARD15 genotype in a Hungarian IBD cohort". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 103
Crohn's_disease
Classification of blood types
the various blood groups that children may inherit from their parents. Genotypes are shown in the second column and in small print for the offspring: AO
ABO_blood_group_system
American multinational fast-food chain
oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure in a chicken genotype selected for rapid growth". Avian Pathology. 37 (4): 367–373. doi:10
McDonald's
Aspect of gene expression
of reaction, describes the pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of environments. One use of reaction norms is in describing
Reaction_norm
Personality disorder
Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, et al. (August 2002). "Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children". Science. 297 (5582):
Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial_personality_disorder
Trait change of an organism in response to environmental variation
wide variety of environments, understanding and ability to predict crop genotype by environment interaction will be essential for future food stability
Phenotypic_plasticity
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
population, by examining the association between individual phenotype and genotype data, or even by modeling summary-level data from genome-wide association
Heritability
Lung disease involving long-term poor airflow
underlying mechanisms. One phenotype may be related to multiple endotypes. A genotype is based on the presence or absence of a genetic factor and its effects
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
maternal copy is still absent, this genotype is still problematic for CNS development. Importantly, the genotypes are predictive of the severity of symptoms
Angelman_syndrome
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
(2007). "Measuring European Population Stratification with Microarray Genotype Data". American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (5): 948–56. doi:10.1086/513477
Ashkenazi_Jews
one Z and one W sexual chromosome (genotype ZW), while male (the homogametic sex) carries two Z chromosomes (genotype ZZ). Thus, reciprocal crosses between
Dwarfism_in_chickens
Model of the evolution of genetic incompatibility
fixed in its population, resulting in all individuals having the aabb genotype. When two descendant populations are separated from each other and each
Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model
Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller_model
Viral agent that causes mumps
size from 100 to 600 nanometers in diameter. One serotype and twelve genotypes that vary in their geographic distribution are recognized. Humans are
Mumps_virus
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
making them unique. Monozygotic twins can have rare differences in their genotypes, normally due to an environmental factor or the deactivation of different
Twin
Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics
Kleijer WJ, van der Kwast TH, de Vroede MA, Drop SL (September 2001). "Genotype Phenotype in Families with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome". The Journal
Intersex
Concept in genetics
two heterozygous individuals will result in predictable ratios for both genotype and phenotype in the offspring. The expected phenotypic ratio of crossing
Dihybrid_cross
American mass murderer (1941–1991)
appear in the lay press reporting (or implying) that Speck's supposed XYY genotype would be invoked as a mitigating factor. In a review article published
Richard_Speck
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sreevar | ஸà¯à®°à®¿à®µà®¾à®°
Lord venkateswara, Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
African
He fights for possession.
Female
English
English variant of Spanish Alicia, ALYCIA means "noble sort."
Girl/Female
English
Nobility; strength.
Boy/Male
Tamil
God of law, One well versed in law, Follower of the correct way, Master of the right path
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Loved One
Boy/Male
Latin
Small.
Male
Chamoru
, blessing.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Happy
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE
GENOTYPE