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Group of genes from one parent
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material
Haplotype
Haplotype convergence is the unrelated appearance of identical haplotypes in separate populations, through either convergent evolution or random chance
Haplotype_convergence
In genetics, haplotype estimation (also known as "phasing") refers to the process of statistical estimation of haplotypes from genotype data. The most
Haplotype_estimation
Genomic region containing only a few distinct haplotypes
In genetics, a haplotype block is a region of an organism's genome in which there is little evidence of a history of genetic recombination, and which
Haplotype_block
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
of the HLA antigens. It coined the "Super B8" haplotype, also called the ancestral European haplotype because of its common occurrence in Europe, particular
HLA-B8
Hypothesized last common ancestor of the Kohanim caste
for six Y-STR markers, which researchers named the extended Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH). Subsequent research using twelve Y-STR markers indicated that nearly
Y-chromosomal_Aaron
In human genetics, Haplotype 35, also called ht35 or the Armenian Modal Haplotype, is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated
Haplotype_35
Human genotype
HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: AH8.1, COX, Super B8, ancestral MHC 8.1 or 8.1 ancestral haplotype) is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority
HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
Group of similar haplotypes
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the Greek: ἁπλοῦς, haploûs
Haplogroup
gene-alleles within the haplotype. In Europe A1-B8 is found, generally as part of the HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype. This haplotype is 4.7 million nucleotides
HLA_A1-B8_haplotype
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ2.2 and DQ2.5, are also encoded
HLA-DQ2
In human genetics, the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH) or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with
Atlantic_modal_haplotype
Ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people
A modal haplotype is an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people, using genetic genealogy. The two most commonly
Modal_haplotype
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping (PGH) is a clinical method of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) used to determine the presence of single gene
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping
Preimplantation_genetic_haplotyping
The Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) is an open-access, annotated collection of population samples typed for Y chromosomal sequence variants
Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database
Y_Chromosome_Haplotype_Reference_Database
Several extinct domestic dog varieties
Kalimantan, were mDNA haplotype A75 (40%) and "the dingo founder haplotype" A29 (8%). Also present were haplotypes A120 and A145. All 4 haplotypes fall within the
Polynesian_Dog
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Ashkenazi Jews which together account for 45% of all Ashkenazi mtDNA haplotypes. Approximately 19% of Ashkenazi Jews with ancestry from Poland are in
Haplogroup_K1a1b1a_(mtDNA)
Subspecies of canine
marker and found 2 yDNA haplotypes. A haplotype named H3 could be found in domestic dogs in East Asia and Northern Europe. Haplotype H60 had not been previously
Canis_lupus_dingo
Project that developed a haplotype map of the human genome
International HapMap Project is an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human
International_HapMap_Project
Human leukocyte antigen serotype, associated with coeliac disease
antigens in humans, haplotype frequencies do not exceed 40%. For example, in the US the highest haplotype frequency, the haplotype that encoded DQ6.2,
HLA-DQ8
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
The ancestral sickle cell haplotype to modern haplotypes (e.g., Cameroon/Central African Republic and Benin/Senegal haplotypes) may have first arose in
Haplogroup_E-M2
The haplotype-relative-risk (HRR) method is a family-based method for determining gene allele association to a disease in the presence of actual genetic
Haplotype-relative-risk
Cultivated trees bearing sweet oranges
using knowledge of the haplotypes. The updated annotation identified 28,076 and 27,665 protein-coding genes in the two haplotypes, respectively, and expanded
Citrus_×_sinensis
Repetitive DNA sequence
containing N number of haplotypes. For example, if a haplotype has been observed twice in a database of N = 2000, the frequency of that haplotype will be: 2/2000
Y-STR
Species of butterfly
three haplotypes (HphH1, HphH26, and HphH31) to be shared in roughly 64.1% of all sampled individuals. Due to this high percentage, these haplotypes likely
Fiery_skipper
Dog breed
dogs carried universal haplotypes that could be found around the world (haplotypes A16, A18, A19, and B1), 5% carried haplotypes associated with Korea
Carolina_Dog
Human DNA groupings
Zhivotovsky, LA; Hammer, MF (2003). "High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup
Classification of leukocyte antigens
accompanying figure, two similar haplotypes (unknown to early clinicians) are identical, except for the one antigen in the top haplotype. The transplant may not
History and naming of human leukocyte antigens
History_and_naming_of_human_leukocyte_antigens
Czech and Slovak breed of dog
maternal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and two paternal Y DNA haplotypes within the breed. Both mDNA haplotypes and one yDNA haplotype originated with German
Czechoslovakian_Wolfdog
component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with
HLA-DR3
high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype. It is possible to identify genetic variation and association to phenotypes
Tag_SNP
Gene variant
of a specific haplotype, termed Haplotype A, which includes 86 linked variants in high linkage disequilibrium (LD). Within this haplotype, two single nucleotide
CCR5-Δ32
Indigenous peoples of the United States
factor for the number of gene lineages, zygosity mutations and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous American populations. The most popular theory
Native Americans in the United States
Native_Americans_in_the_United_States
Human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group
designation for the haplotype HLA-A*02:01~C*05:01~B*4402, the class I portion, of an ancestral haplotype (A2~B44~DR4~DQ8). The full haplotype is (for relative
HLA-A*02
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
appears to have been the main route of entry, as the Egyptian and Anatolian haplotypes are considerably older in age (13,700 BP and 9,000 BP, respectively) than
Haplogroup_T-M184
Genes on human chromosome 6
The Super-B8 haplotype is associated with a number of diet-associated autoimmune diseases. There are 100,000s of extended haplotypes, but only a few
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Medical condition of the brain
same disorder. A variant in the MAPT gene for tau protein called the H1 haplotype, located on chromosome 17 (rs1800547), has been linked to PSP. Nearly
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive_supranuclear_palsy
mediate apoptosis in autoimmune disease and HLA A*0201 in with the HLA-DQ8 haplotypes has been documented. The class I sites were found on the carboxyl end
Gluten_immunochemistry
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
modal haplotype. They said that it was necessary to look at a more detailed STR haplotype in order to define a new "Extended Cohen Modal Haplotype" which
Haplogroup_J-M267
Branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences
referred to as its haplotype. In principle, since there are four base types, with 1000 base pairs, we could have 41000 distinct haplotypes. However, for organisms
Molecular_phylogenetics
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6. A3 is primarily composed of A*03:01 and *03:02 which
HLA-A3
Extinct North American wolf
clade was basal to all other wolves except for the Himalayan wolf. A haplotype is a group of genes found in an organism that are inherited together from
Beringian_wolf
Allele association in population genetics
question is, what is the expected frequency pAB of the allele pair, or haplotype, AB? (See note below about genetic nomenclature.) If the A and B alleles
Linkage_disequilibrium
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, are all HLA-DQ1 encoded by the DQA1*01 allele
HLA-DQ5
French militray general and emperor (1769–1821)
Peter (September 2013). "Reconstruction of the Lineage Y Chromosome Haplotype of Napoléon the First" (PDF). International Journal of Sciences. 2 (9):
Napoleon
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
1 haplotype. This haplotype is more common in Japan and other parts of East Asia. DQB1*0602 is commonly linked to DQA1*0102 to form 6.2 haplotype. DQ6
HLA-DQ6
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
United States. B7 is found in two major haplotypes in Europe, where it reaches peak frequency in Ireland. One haplotype A3-B7-DR15-DQ1 can be found over a
HLA-B7
Archaeological culture of ancient East Asians
eastern regions, and all these individuals carry eastern Y-chromosome haplotypes (Jeong et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020). While this sample is small, in
Slab-grave_culture
following functionalities: LD & haplotype block analysis Haplotype population frequency estimation Single SNP and haplotype association tests Permutation
Haploview
Suite of free genome analysis software by Nvidia
GATK HaplotypeCaller, one of the most relevant tools in the domain for germline variant calling. Besides the pipeline that resorts to HaplotypeCaller
Nvidia_Parabricks
This allele group is most commonly found in West Africa, but A single Haplotype of Cw16 is found in Western Europe at unusually high frequencies. There
HLA-Cw*16
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Genetic genealogy Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade
Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)
Species of bivalve
and C. noetlingi Martens, 1899. The invasive lineage "form B/Rlc" (COI haplotypes FW1/FW4) corresponds to C. leana. In Korean cuisine, Corbicula leana are
Corbicula_leana
Statistical inference of unobserved genotypes
statistical inference of unobserved genotypes. It is achieved by using known haplotypes in a population, for instance from the HapMap or the 1000 Genomes Project
Imputation_(genetics)
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
for 12 Y-STR loci, and observed that 77% (113/147) had typical E-V32 haplotypes. This is currently the highest frequency of E-V32 found in any single
Haplogroup_E-V12
Ethnic Greek population of Cyprus
the shared haplotypes. No shared haplotypes were observed between Greek Cypriots and mainland Turkish populations, while total haplotypes shared between
Greek_Cypriots
British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic
Y-chromosome haplotypes are of African and West Eurasian origin. However, unlike other English-speaking New World colonies, most African mtDNA haplotypes appear
Bermuda
Haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA
genetics, human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are collections of similar haplotypes defined by combinations of single nuclear polymorphism (SNPs) in mtDNA
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup
Genus of flowering plants
generated improved haplotype-aware annotations for the pomelo, sweet orange, and mandarin genomes. In the same year, a haplotype-resolved genome assembly
Citrus
multigene HLA DR, DQ haplotype. Certain HLA DR and DQ genes have known involvement in autoimmune diseases. DR3-DQ2, a multigene haplotype, stands out in prominence
HLA_DR3-DQ2
Subspecies of carnivore
recognised as a distinct subspecies, it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype and a distinct skull morphology. It has been strictly protected in Italy
Italian_wolf
Genus of placozoans
known whether all haplotypes correspond to distinct species. Only one species of Cladtertia, C. collaboinventa (formerly haplotype H23), has been formally
Cladtertia
File format for genomic variation data
Description="Read Depth"> ##FORMAT=<ID=HQ,Number=2,Type=Integer,Description="Haplotype Quality"> #CHROM POS ID REF ALT QUAL FILTER INFO FORMAT NA00001 NA00002
Variant_Call_Format
8th–11th century expansion by Norsemen
mitochondrial C1 haplotype is primarily an East Asia-American haplotype that developed just prior to migration across the Bering sea. This maternal haplotype, however
Viking_expansion
Small citrus fruit
segments. In 2026, the Ponkan mandarin genome was reannotated as part of a haplotype-aware annotation study of three major Citrus crops. The updated annotation
Mandarin_orange
Evolutionary process
000 and 250,000 years ago. Recent DNA evidence suggests that several haplotypes of Neanderthal origin are present among all non-African populations, and
Human_evolution
haplotyping is a technique for the physical separation of individual chromosomes from a metaphase cell followed by direct resolution of the haplotype
Microfluidic whole genome haplotyping
Microfluidic_whole_genome_haplotyping
German youth kept in total isolation
study ruled out Hauser's princely descent by comparing mitochondrial DNA haplotypes with the House of Baden. On 26 May 1828, Hauser, then a teenage boy, was
Kaspar_Hauser
Species of plant
the wild kiwifruit species in the genus Actinidia. A chromosome-level haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a wild kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) individual
Actinidia_eriantha
series on Genetic genealogy Concepts Population genetics Haplogroup / Haplotype / Subclade Most recent common ancestor DNA haplogroups (Human mitochondrial
List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
List_of_Y-chromosome_haplogroups_in_populations_of_the_world
Extinct lineage of the grey wolf
extinctions of ecomorphs and phylogeographic shifts in populations. A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of genes in an organism that are inherited
Pleistocene_wolf
Genus of Placozoa
I and II, including haplotypes H1, H2, H3 and H17. A 2022 study defined Trichoplax more restrictively as only clade I (haplotypes H1, H2 and H17), with
Trichoplax
Human blood group classification
very closely located together on chromosome 4 and are inherited as a haplotype. The MN blood group in humans is under the control of a pair of co-dominant
MNS_antigen_system
Most recent individual from which all organisms in a group are directly descended
The term is also used in reference to the ancestry of groups of genes (haplotypes) rather than organisms. The ancestry of a set of individuals can sometimes
Most_recent_common_ancestor
Genus of bivalves
900–29,600 protein-coding genes were predicted. A telomere-to-telomere, haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome assembly of Meretrix taiwanica was published
Meretrix_(bivalve)
Autoimmune disorder
process. Most people with coeliac bear a two-gene HLA-DQ2 haplotype called DQ2.5. This haplotype is composed of two adjacent gene alleles, DQA1*0501 and
Coeliac_disease
Surname of Jewish, Samaritan, and Biblical origins
undertaken, using a genealogical DNA test associated with the Cohen Modal Haplotype (see Y-chromosomal Aaron). Cohen is one of the four Samaritan last names
Cohen
Genetic neurodegenerative disease
Australia. MJD affected Azoreans and Japanese had haplotypes in common while Azoreans also had haplotypes of two different origins. The disease is caused
Machado–Joseph_disease
contains DQ8 and DQ9. DQ7 is linked by haplotype to a number of DQA1 (DQ alpha chain) genes, producing in cis-haplotype form, a large number of DQ αβ isoforms
HLA-DQ7
Archaeological site in Tunisia
Leïla Ladjimi; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2016-05-25). "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa"
Carthage
Species of bacterium
cockerelli. Haplotypes C, D, E and H affect apiaceous crops (carrots, celery etc.). Haplotypes D and E are vectored by Bactericera trigonica. Haplotype C is
Liberibacter
Canadian genome scientist
his role in the International HapMap Project whose goal is to develop a haplotype map of the human genome. As director of the McGill University and Genome
Thomas_J._Hudson
Mixed-breed dog with socio-environmental typology
dogs from other continents. It also identified new putative founding haplotypes, which could be explained by ancient deliberate breeding practices In
Caramelo_(dog)
This population also showed a unique mitochondrial DNA control-region haplotype, the absence of private alleles and lower heterozygosity at microsatellite
Subspecies_of_Canis_lupus
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
with a hotspot in Sousse region, most of Sousse samples have the same haplotypes found in Haplogroup J-L271 which was found in Msaken. J-M172 is found
Haplogroup_J-M172
that are present in an individual due to parents transmitting identical haplotypes to their offspring. The potential of predicting or estimating individual
Runs_of_homozygosity
East Asian ethnic group
Unlike the Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan Han (whose dominant Y-chromosome haplotype is the Han patriline O2-M122), the Tanka have been shown instead to have
Han_Chinese
Dutch medical researcher
applications in genome science, including the production of chromosome-length haplotype information and the characterization of polymorphic inversions. Continuous
Peter_M._Lansdorp
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
found against LRP4, agrin, and titin proteins. Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to myasthenia gravis and
Myasthenia_gravis
Descendants of Genghis Khan
dynasty. According to a study using molecular genealogy, Y-chromosome haplotypes from the Lu clan in northwestern China, who claim to be descendants of
Chinggisids
Molecule triggering an immune response
haplotype: type III autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis. DRB1*04:DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 haplotype: Type
HLA-DR4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA-C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human
HLA-C
Citrus fruit from Southeast Asia
essentially complete genome assembly of pomelo was published in 2026. The two haplotypes span approximately 344 Mb and 343 Mb, respectively, and each was assembled
Pomelo
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
to the level of singular nucleotides. It also managed to resolve two haplotypes of each chromosome, so now scientists know not only how many copies of
HeLa
Human leukocyte antigen serotype
long haplotype that appears to have been frequent in the ancient peoples of Northwestern Europe. A1 is a frequent component of the AH8.1 haplotype. A1
HLA-A1
Effect in population genetics
chromosome; indeed, the original haplotype is the whole chromosome. As the generations progress, the proportion of the haplotype that is common to all carriers
Founder_effect
calling in ctDNA, gene expression in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and haplotyping via linked reads[clarification needed]. Batch effect Multiplex (assay)
Unique_molecular_identifier
DNA analysis of Jewish populations
"seem to be similar in their Y-haplotype patterns, both with regard to the haplotype distributions and the ancestral haplotype VIII frequencies." The authors
Genetic_studies_of_Jews
Species of mammal
arrival. A haplotype is a group of genes found in an organism that is inherited from one of its parents. A haplogroup is a group of similar haplotypes that
Golden_jackal
Name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to a portion of Southeast Africa
individual, demonstrating maternal ancestry patterns, showed a L* haplotype. The L* haplotype is predominantly found in present-day Sub-Saharan African populations
Zanj
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
Boy/Male
Indian
Peaceful Child
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Valley
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
The Sacred Symbol of Om
Female
French
Feminine form of Norman French Robert, ROBERTE means "bright fame."
Female
English
Welsh name derived from the word llyn, LYNN means "lake."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Well done
Girl/Female
English
Abbreviation of Eleanor and Ellen.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of rope, Middle English rop (see Roper 1).
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Satisfaction contented
Male
English
English form of Latin Fabianus, FABIAN means "like Fabius."Â
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE
HAPLOTYPE