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Ontology language
F-logic (Frame logic) is a knowledge representation and ontology language. It combines the advantages of conceptual modeling with object-oriented, frame-based
F-logic
Branch of logic
zeroth-order logic. Sometimes, it is called first-order propositional logic to contrast it with System F, but it should not be confused with first-order logic. It
Propositional_logic
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Type of logical system
First-order logic, also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system used in mathematics, philosophy
First-order_logic
Type of formal logic
Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. In philosophy and related fields it is used as a tool for
Modal_logic
Type of formal logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion
Paraconsistent_logic
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
System for representing and reasoning about time
In logic, a temporal logic is any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time (for example
Temporal_logic
Formal language used to construct ontologies
first-order logic or on description logic. Common Logic - and its dialects CycL DOGMA (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications) F-Logic (Frame
Ontology_language
Look up Appendix:Glossary of logic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning
Glossary_of_logic
Logical connective AND
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and ( ∧ {\displaystyle \wedge } ) is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction. The logical
Logical_conjunction
System including an indeterminate value
three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which
Three-valued_logic
In logic, a statement which is always true
In mathematical logic, a tautology (from Ancient Greek: ταυτολογία) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms
Tautology_(logic)
Theory of logic to account for observations from quantum theory
In the mathematical study of logic and the physical analysis of quantum foundations, quantum logic is a set of rules for manipulation of propositions
Quantum_logic
System of logic in mathematics and philosophy
philosophy, Łukasiewicz logic (/ˌwʊkəˈʃɛvɪtʃ/ WUUK-ə-SHEV-itch, Polish: [wukaˈɕɛvitʂ]) is a non-classical, many-valued logic. It was originally defined
Łukasiewicz_logic
Logical formalism using combinators instead of variables
Combinatory logic is a notation to eliminate the need for quantified variables in mathematical logic. It was introduced by Moses Schönfinkel and Haskell
Combinatory_logic
Device performing a Boolean function
A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output
Logic_gate
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal
Quantifier_(logic)
Class of formal logics
Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic. Classical logic has had
Classical_logic
The language of the system is derived from F-logic, HiLog, and Transaction logic. Being based on F-logic and HiLog implies that object-oriented syntax
Flora-2
Logic gate implementing negation
In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. It outputs a bit whose value is opposite of the input bit's
Inverter_(logic_gate)
Branch of logic using category theory to study mathematical structures
such as System F, is an example of the usefulness of categorical semantics. It was found that the connectives of pre-categorical logic were more clearly
Categorical_logic
Assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language
formal semantics. The most commonly studied formal logics are propositional logic, predicate logic and their modal analogs, and for these there are standard
Interpretation_(logic)
Family of formal knowledge representation
Description logics (DL) are a family of formal knowledge representation languages. Many DLs are more expressive than propositional logic but less expressive
Description_logic
Field of philosophical logic
Deontic logic is the field of philosophical logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a
Deontic_logic
Information repository with multiple applications
Mathias (1978). "KBMS Requirements for Knowledge-Based Systems" (PDF). Logic, Databases, and Artificial Intelligence. Berlin: Springer. Archived (PDF)
Knowledge_base
Type of non-monotonic logic
Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions. Default logic can express facts like
Default_logic
Reasoning about equations with free variables
logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses
Algebraic_logic
Interchange format for rule systems
that is, logic programs without functions or negations. RIF-BLD has a model-theoretic semantics. The frame syntax of RIF BLD is based on F-logic, but RIF
Rule_Interchange_Format
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often
Philosophical_logic
List of symbols used to express logical relations
contains logic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of logic symbols. In logic, a set
List_of_logic_symbols
Method of deriving conclusions
of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with
Rule_of_inference
Bearer of truth values
Stanford University. Retrieved 25 November 2025. Groarke, Louis F. "Aristotle: Logic". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 28 November 2025
Proposition
Framework for Logic-Based Dialects (RIF-FLD) of the Rule Interchange Format (RIF) is largely based on the ideas underlying HiLog and F-logic. In all the
HiLog
mathematical logic, Gödel logics, sometimes referred to as Dummett logics or Gödel–Dummett logics, is a family of finite- or infinite-valued logics in which
Gödel_logic
American rapper Logic has released ten studio albums, three EPs, two collaborative album, one compilation album, one soundtrack album, ten mixtapes, five
Logic_discography
Formal semantics for non-classical logic systems
non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal. It was first conceived for modal logics, and later
Kripke_semantics
propositional logic the origin represents the false, F, and the infinite periphery represents the true, T, whereas in the space for predicate logic the origin
Vector_logic
Symbols representing logical operations
The logic alphabet, also called the X-stem Logic Alphabet (XLA), constitutes an iconic set of symbols that systematically represents the sixteen possible
Logic_alphabet
Kind of non-classical logic
Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly
Relevance_logic
Reasoning of knowledge about knowledge
logic. The syntax of autoepistemic logic extends that of propositional logic by a modal operator ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } indicating knowledge: if F {\displaystyle
Autoepistemic_logic
Process in digital electronics and integrated circuit design
Logic optimization is a process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified logic circuit under one or more specified constraints. This process
Logic_optimization
Subfield of mathematics
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory
Mathematical_logic
Modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time
In logic, linear temporal logic or linear-time temporal logic (LTL) is a modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time. In LTL, one can encode
Linear_temporal_logic
School of thought in philosophy of mathematics
is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. Bertrand Russell and
Logicism
Logic gate
EXOR and pronounced as exclusive OR, ksor or sometimes EX-OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs
XOR_gate
Software able to infer logical consequences
numerous specialized modules for high-order logic. KAON2 is an infrastructure for managing OWL-DL, SWRL, and F-Logic ontologies. Cwm, a forward-chaining reasoner
Semantic_reasoner
Propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic
In mathematical logic, a superintuitionistic logic is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. A logic is a set of propositional formulas
Intermediate_logic
Theory in computer science
Computation tree logic (CTL) is a branching-time logic, meaning that its model of time is a tree-like structure in which the future is not determined;
Computation_tree_logic
Study of the scope and nature of logic
Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as
Philosophy_of_logic
constructive mathematics. Founder(s): K F. Gödel (1933) showed that intuitionistic logic can be embedded into modal logic S4. (other systems) Interpretation
Constructive_logic
True when either but not both inputs are true
T , F } {\displaystyle \{T,F\}} produce the well-known two-element field F 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{2}} . This field can represent any logic obtainable
Exclusive_or
Branch of logic
Informal logic encompasses the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting (characterized by the usage of particular statements)
Informal_logic
Programming language that uses first order logic
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog
Prolog
Work by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Science of Logic (German: Wissenschaft der Logik), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined
Science_of_Logic
Formal systems of logic that significantly differ from standard logical systems
Non-classical logics (sometimes alternative logics) are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional
Non-classical_logic
Inference rule in logic, proof theory, and automated theorem proving
theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts
Resolution_(logic)
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India
History_of_logic
System for reasoning about vagueness
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept
Fuzzy_logic
Artificial intelligence project
University). In 1989, CycL had expanded in expressive power to higher-order logic (HOL). Cyc's ontology grew to about 100,000 terms in 1994, and as of 2017
Cyc
Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
Conditional logic (also: the logic of conditionals) refers to a family of formal systems for reasoning with statements of the form "if A, (then) B". Conditional
Conditional_logic
Form of logic
A free logic is a logic with fewer existential presuppositions than classical logic. Free logics may allow for terms that do not denote any object. Free
Free_logic
U.S. information technology company
intelligence. Sumo Logic's service is powered by its patented technologies, including AI/ML, Sumo Logic Log Analytics Platform, and Sumo Logic security innovations
Sumo_Logic
Field of philosophical and mathematical logic studying agency and action
Agentive logic (also called the logic of action or logic of agency) is the field of philosophical logic and logic in computer science that studies formal
Agentive_logic
Model transformation language
model transformation engine. The language is based on F-logic and the theory of stratified logic programs. The engine is an Eclipse plug-in for the Eclipse
Tefkat
Form of logic that allows quantification over predicates
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic
Second-order_logic
Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw
In logic and philosophy, a formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning with a flaw in its logical structure (the logical relationship between the premises
Formal_fallacy
Framework for a family of logic languages
Common Logic (CL) is a framework for a family of logic languages, based on first-order logic, intended to facilitate the exchange and transmission of
Common_Logic
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in
Many-valued_logic
Symbolic logic system
Minimal logic, or minimal calculus, is a symbolic logic system originally developed by Ingebrigt Johansson under the name "Minimalkalkül". It is a paraconsistent
Minimal_logic
Rules used for constructing, or transforming the symbols and words of a language
In logic, syntax is an arrangement of well-structured entities in the formal languages or formal systems that express something. Syntax is concerned with
Syntax_(logic)
Modal logic
Provability logic is a branch of proof theory and a modal logic, in which the box (or "necessity") operator is interpreted as 'it is provable that'. The
Provability_logic
multi-platform ontology editor, which supports the development of ontologies in F-Logic and OWL/RDF. The editor is based on the Eclipse platform and provides a
NeOn_Toolkit
Framework for studying interactive computational tasks through logic
Computability logic (CoL) is a research program and mathematical framework for redeveloping logic as a systematic formal theory of computability, as opposed
Computability_logic
American rapper and singer (born 1990)
Robert Bryson Hall II (born January 22, 1990), known professionally as Logic, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Gaithersburg
Logic_(rapper)
1996 video game
F-22 Lightning II is a video game developed and published by NovaLogic for DOS. It is the first game in NovaLogic's F-22 series. A follow-up, F-22 Raptor
F-22_Lightning_II
Tool for building expert systems
combines the programming paradigms of procedural, object oriented, and logic programming (automated theorem proving) languages. CLIPS uses forward chaining
CLIPS
Method in artificial intelligence
relation. There exist some extensions of the Dung's framework, like the logic-based argumentation frameworks or the value-based argumentation frameworks
Argumentation_framework
Extension of modal logic
In logic, philosophy, and theoretical computer science, dynamic logic is an extension of modal logic capable of encoding properties of computer programs
Dynamic_logic_(modal_logic)
Mathematical paradox
F is arbitrary, any logic having these rules allows one to prove everything. The paradox may be expressed in natural language and in various logics,
Curry's_paradox
Logical connective
(also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol → {\displaystyle \to } is interpreted as material
Material_conditional
Computer system emulating human expert
Sergot and F. Sadri and R.A. Kowalski and F. Kriwaczek and P. Hammond and H.T. Cory (May 1986). "The British Nationality Act as a Logic Program". Communications
Expert_system
Component of artificial intelligence systems
a high volume of data inputs and real-time processing requirements. The logic that an inference engine uses is typically represented as IF-THEN rules
Inference_engine
Approach to formal semantics
various logical systems, including classical logic, intuitionistic logic, linear logic, and modal logic. The approach bears conceptual resemblances to
Game_semantics
Branch of logic
Bunched logic is a variety of substructural logic proposed by Peter O'Hearn and David Pym. Bunched logic provides primitives for reasoning about resource
Bunched_logic
Either of two concepts in computer engineering
AC/ACT logic, AHC/AHCT logic, ALVC logic, AUC logic, AVC logic, CBT logic, CBTLV logic, FCT logic and LVC logic (LVCMOS). The integrated injection logic (IIL
Logic_family
Guarded logic is a choice set of dynamic logic involved in choices, where outcomes are limited. A simple example of guarded logic is as follows: if X
Guarded_logic
Digital logic based on non-linear magnetic effects
Magnetic logic is digital logic made using the non-linear properties of wound ferrite cores. Magnetic logic represents 0 and 1 by magnetising cores clockwise
Magnetic_logic
Field of artificial intelligence
systems easier to design and build. KRR also incorporates findings from logic to automate various kinds of reasoning. Traditional KRR focuses more on
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
Any logic with four truth values
A four-valued logic is any logic with four truth values. Several types of four-valued logic have been advanced. The most common, particularly in electronics
Four-valued_logic
Kind of proof calculus
In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to
Natural_deduction
Typed lambda calculus
the Curry–Howard isomorphism, System F corresponds to second-order propositional intuitionistic logic. System F can be seen as part of the lambda cube
System_F
Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
arithmetic. Early logic systems includes Indian logic of Pāṇini, syllogistic logic of Aristotle, propositional logic of Stoicism, and Chinese logic of Gongsun
Formal_system
Computer language used to make queries into databases and information systems
data mining models. Datalog is a query language for deductive databases. F-logic is a declarative object-oriented language for deductive databases and knowledge
Query_language
Method of forming inferences
chess endgames for computer chess. Backward chaining is implemented in logic programming by SLD resolution. Both rules are based on the modus ponens
Backward_chaining
Concept in computer software
In computer software, business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can
Business_logic
Language to express rules and logic with semantic web
SWRL-support. [5] KAON2 is an infrastructure for managing OWL-DL, SWRL, and F-Logic ontologies. [6] Archived 6 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine RacerPro
Semantic_Web_Rule_Language
Mathematical use of "for all"
In mathematical logic, a universal quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "given any", "for all", "for every"
Universal_quantification
Situation in which one cannot avoid a problem because of contradictory constraints
marry a woman who is not a virgin. This closed logic loop clearly illustrated Catch-22 because by her logic, all men who refuse to marry her are sane and
Catch-22_(logic)
Framework in behavioral economics
Service-dominant (S-D) logic, in behavioral economics, is an alternative theoretical framework for explaining value creation, through exchange, among
Service-dominant_logic
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Christophoros, KRISTÓF means "Christ-bearer."Â
Boy/Male
Latin Gaelic
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Male
Egyptian
, a mystical demon.
Boy/Male
Latin
Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Male
Egyptian
, a prophet and priest of Amen Ra.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name FriðulÄf ‘peace-survivor’.
Boy/Male
Latin American
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Girl/Female
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Boy/Male
Muslim
The most kind, The clement
Boy/Male
Latin Gaelic
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Surname or Lastname
Variant spelling of German Drewes.English
Variant spelling of German Drewes.English : topographic name, from Old English drÄf ‘drove’, ‘cattle track’.
Boy/Male
Indian
The most kind, The clement
Female
Hindi/Indian
(f शशी, m: शशि): Variant spelling of Hindi unisex Shashi, SASHI means "having a hare."
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Ameaning bringer of joy. In the Divine Comedy, Beatrice was Dante's guide through Paradise,...
Girl/Female
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Queen to King Henry VI.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(f शशी, m: शशि): Hindi unisex name SHASHI means "having a hare."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Farnell belonging to southwestern England, where the change from f to v arose from the voicing of f that was characteristic of this area in Middle English.
Boy/Male
Latin
F: Youthful. The feminine form of Julian. Famous Bearer: Former Queen Juliana of the Netherlands.
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
Boy/Male
Tamil
Giving light, Flood
Boy/Male
British, Celebrity, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Master of the Right Path; New; Owner of the Truth Way; Lord Vishnu; Brave; Calm; Follower of the Right Path; Intelligent
Girl/Female
Indian
Quiet and frisky
Girl/Female
Celtic American Gaelic Hawaiian Irish
meaning harmony, stone, or noble.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Favor, Grace, Kindness
Girl/Female
Spanish
Born fifth.
Boy/Male
Hindu
The Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Love
Girl/Female
Hindu
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
F LOGIC
n.
Any one of various marine spiral gastropods, esp., in the United States, either of two species of Fulgar (F. canaliculata, and F. carica).
a.
Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust. (f) of Aves.
n. f.
A native or inhabitant of Marseilles.
n.
A small European falcon (Falco lithofalco, or F. aesalon).
n. f.
Alt. of Masseuse
a.
Pertaining to, or discovered by, J. F. Meckel, a German anatomist.
v. t.
The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F /) is a tone intermediate between F and G.
n.
A name given to the factors of a continued product when the former are derivable from one and the same function F(x) by successively imparting a constant increment or decrement h to the independent variable. Thus the product F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x + (n-1)h] is called a factorial term, and its several factors take the name of factorials.
n.
The tone F.
a. f.
Of or pertaining to Marseilles, in France, or to its inhabitants.
n.
A duck of the genus Fuligula. Two American species (F. marila and F. affinis) are common. See Scaup duck.
imp. & p. p.
f Shoe.
n.
The part or notes situated above F in alt.
a. f.
Alt. of Marseillaise
n. f.
One under the care and protection of another.
n. f.
Alt. of Protegee
n. f.
One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.
n. f.
Alt. of Marseillaise
n. f.
One who performs massage.