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Method of forming inferences
Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem
Backward_chaining
Inference engine in an expert system
chaining is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining
Forward_chaining
Component of artificial intelligence systems
facts: forward chaining and backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the known facts and asserts new facts. Backward chaining starts with goals
Inference_engine
Computer system emulating human expert
knowledge base. Backward chaining is a bit less straight forward. In backward chaining the system looks at possible conclusions and works backward to see if
Expert_system
Procedure, psychology
types of chaining: forward chaining, backward chaining, and total task chaining (not to be confused with a task analysis). Forward chaining is a procedure
Chaining
Behavior analysis technique
individual behaviors that are part of a task analysis. Backward chaining is a type of chaining in which a sequence of steps is taught beginning with the
Backward chaining (applied behavior analysis)
Backward_chaining_(applied_behavior_analysis)
Type of software system
or backward reasoning to infer conclusions via modus ponens. The recursive reasoning methods they employ are termed 'forward chaining' and 'backward chaining'
Reasoning_system
Software able to infer logical consequences
a forward-chaining inference-based rules engine which uses an enhanced implementation of the Rete algorithm. Evrete, a forward-chaining Java rule engine
Semantic_reasoner
Process of reasoning backwards in sequence
method is called backward search or backward chaining. In chess, it is called retrograde analysis. In game theory, a variant of backward induction is used
Backward_induction
Computer program that uses a knowledge base and reasoning to solve problems
problems in the problem domain. Most commonly, it employs forward chaining or backward chaining. Other approaches include the use of automated theorem proving
Knowledge-based_systems
algorithm Genetic programming Particle swarm optimization Backward chaining DPLL algorithm Forward chaining Resolution (logic) Rete algorithm WalkSAT Baum–Welch
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Type of software system
emphasize reaction rules. In addition, some rules engines support backward chaining. In this case a rules engine seeks to resolve the facts to fit a particular
Business_rules_engine
Type of computer system
confusion. Both kinds of rule-based systems use either forward or backward chaining, in contrast with imperative programs, which execute commands listed
Rule-based_system
Programming language
pattern-directed invocation: Forward chaining (antecedently): If assert P, assert Q If assert not Q, assert not P Backward chaining (consequently) If goal Q, goal
Planner (programming language)
Planner_(programming_language)
Book by Patrick Henry Winston and Berthold Klaus Paul Horn
paradigms including search, forward chaining, and problem reduction are explained. Constraint propagation, and backward chaining are discussed. Other topics include
LISP_(book)
Information repository with multiple applications
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_base
Field of artificial intelligence
from Intellicorp. KEE had a complete rule engine with forward and backward chaining. It also had a complete frame-based knowledge base with triggers,
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
Artificial intelligence project
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Open_Mind_Common_Sense
Expert system for bacterial infections
MYCIN was an early backward chaining expert system that used black box to identify bacteria causing severe infections, such as bacteremia and meningitis
Mycin
Topics referred to by the same term
Chaining is a teaching procedure. It may also refer to: Chaining (vector processing) Method chaining Forward chaining Backward chaining Back-chaining
Chaining_(disambiguation)
Algorithm for automated planning
no solutions of length l-1 before looking for plans of length l by backward chaining: supposing the goals are true, Graphplan looks for the actions and
Graphplan
Knowledge base to enhance search results
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_Graph_(Google)
Pattern matching algorithm
data), and the inclusion of a backward chaining algorithm tailored to run on top of the Rete network. Backward chaining alone can account for the most
Rete_algorithm
American software company
several advanced features, such as truth maintenance. KEE used the backward-chaining method of Mycin which had been developed at Stanford. While moving
IntelliCorp
Equations characterizing continuous-time Markov processes
the Kolmogorov forward equation for jump processes, and two Kolmogorov backward equations for processes with and without discontinuous jumps. Writing in
Kolmogorov_equations
Business rule management system
Drools is a business rule management system (BRMS) with a forward and backward chaining inference-based rules engine, more correctly known as a production
Drools
Application of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior
curriculum. Chaining is the process of teaching the steps of a task analysis. The two methods of chaining, forward chaining and backward chaining, differ
Applied_behavior_analysis
Language-teaching technique
syllable: Mus-sorg-sky. Back-chaining makes natural stress easier for the student. It is easier than the front-chaining, which starts from the first syllable
Back-chaining
Type of knowledge base
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_graph
Rule of logical inference
Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Ivanov, Sergiu. "Forward and Backward Chaining with P Systems" (PDF). Computer Engineering: Concepts, Methodologies
Modus_ponens
Expert systems development tool
In the KEE knowledge base, rules are frames. Both forward chaining and backward chaining inference are available. KEE supports non-monotonic reasoning
Knowledge Engineering Environment
Knowledge_Engineering_Environment
backward chaining rule engines. However, the lack of vendor support for / interest in backward chaining caused this to be revise to forward chaining and
Production Rule Representation
Production_Rule_Representation
Methods in artificial intelligence research
Expert systems can operate in either a forward chaining – from evidence to conclusions – or backward chaining – from goals to needed data and prerequisites
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Methods for developing expert systems
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_engineering
Tool for building expert systems
programming (automated theorem proving) languages. CLIPS uses forward chaining. Like other expert system languages, CLIPS deals with rules and facts.
CLIPS
corresponds to the current path in the search space. Forward search and backward search are two of main samples of state-space planning. In the algorithms
State-space_planning
Description of aspects of ontology
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Ontology_components
Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Case-based_reasoning
Subfield of computer science and logic
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Automated_reasoning
American software development company
first product, Nexpert, was a C-based, goal-oriented backward chaining and data-driven forward chaining expert system shell for the Macintosh in 1985. The
Neuron_Data
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Multi-agent_planning
Artificial intelligence project
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Cyc
Ontology language
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
F-logic
Drools Business rule management system (BRMS) with a forward and backward chaining inference based rules engine, using an enhanced implementation of
List_of_Java_frameworks
Artificial intelligence data structure
triggers, default values, and a rule engine that supported backward and forward chaining. As with most early commercial versions of AI software KEE was
Frame (artificial intelligence)
Frame_(artificial_intelligence)
Facts assumed to be known to all humans
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence)
Commonsense_knowledge_(artificial_intelligence)
Controlled language
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Attempto_Controlled_English
Process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_acquisition
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Deductive_classifier
Algorithmic paradigm for constraint satisfaction or enumeration problems
Backjumping – In backtracking algorithms, technique that reduces search space Backward chaining – Method of forming inferences Enumeration algorithm – Algorithm that
Backtracking
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Steps in reasoning
be inferred from a KB (knowledge base) using an algorithm called backward chaining. Let us return to our Socrates syllogism. We enter into our Knowledge
Inference
Formal language used to construct ontologies
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Ontology_language
Branch of artificial intelligence
description of task networks. forward chaining state space search, possibly enhanced with heuristics backward chaining search, possibly enhanced by the use
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
Suitable logical inference strategy within artificial intelligence
forward chaining versus backward chaining. However, in opportunistic reasoning, pieces of knowledge may be applied either forward or backward, at the
Opportunistic_reasoning
Approach to handling inferred information
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Reason_maintenance
Ontology language
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
CycL
Inference method used in AI expert systems
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Model-based_reasoning
Type of artificial intelligence approach
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Blackboard_system
Topic in automated planning
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Partial-order_planning
Decision-making framework for artificial intelligence
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Procedural_reasoning_system
Process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Belief_revision
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_Interchange_Format
Form of automated planning and scheduling
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Preference-based_planning
Discovering Mechanisms: Schema Instantiation, Modular Subassembly, Forward/Backward Chaining". Philosophy of Science. 69 (S3). Cambridge University Press (CUP):
Role of chance in scientific discoveries
Role_of_chance_in_scientific_discoveries
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
procedural plans from goals (i.e. goal-reduction or backward chaining) and from assertions (i.e. forward chaining). The most influential implementation of Planner
Logic_programming
Branch of artificial intelligence aiming to create AI systems with "common sense"
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Commonsense_reasoning
Knowledge representation computer programming language
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
FO(.)
Field in computer-aided design
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge-based_engineering
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_modeling
Philosopher of science
including "Schema Instantiation," "Modular Subassembly," and "Forward/Backward Chaining." Weber, Marcel (2005). Philosophy of experimental biology. Cambridge
Lindley_Darden
clause – Type of logical formula Forward chaining – Inference engine in an expert system Backward chaining – Method of forming inferences Planning as
Outline of artificial intelligence
Outline_of_artificial_intelligence
Genre of chess problem concerned with determining previously played moves
have won with 3...exd2+! (instead of 3...e2+) 4.Kg2 e3. Backward induction Backward chaining Castling and En-passant capture in the Codex 2009 Archived
Retrograde_analysis
Type of computer program used in mortgage banking
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Expert_systems_for_mortgages
Project for an open source artificial intelligence framework
language. A generic rule engine, including a forward chainer and a backward chainer, that is able to chain together rules. The rules are exactly the graph
OpenCog
AI software
exists than VP-Expert". VP-Expert used an inference engine based on backward chaining to reach conclusions through English-like if/then rules. It operated
VP-Expert
Ontology applicable across domains of knowledge
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Upper_ontology
Method in artificial intelligence
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Argumentation_framework
Creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources
reasoning Argumentation frameworks Backward chaining Belief revision Case-based reasoning Commonsense reasoning Forward chaining Model-based reasoning Qualitative
Knowledge_extraction
Category of cloud computing services
Additionally, patterns associated with excessive serverless function chaining are sometimes addressed through architectural strategies that emphasize
Function_as_a_service
Mechanism of function calls in computers
throughout the routine. The instructions following STM update forward and backward chains linking this save area to the caller's save area. The return sequence
Calling_convention
Autonomous vehicle Autonomous weapon Ayanna Howard B&R B.A.T. (G.I. Joe) Backward chaining Ballbot Bang-bang robot Barrett Technology Base Wars Baseball robot
Index_of_robotics_articles
Automation software products
interactive HTML assessments. Data entered is used in combination with backward chaining to determine which screens need to be shown to the user in order to
Oracle_Intelligent_Advisor
RDF query language
(ex:A, ex:B) and ?S is UNbound then ?S ex:linksWith ?O behaves like a backward chain: for each o in ?O: for each fetch (ex:linksWith, o): capture s append
SPARQL
Branch of legal informatics
McCarty, "these systems all have the following characteristics: They do backward chaining inference from a specified goal; they ask questions to elicit information
Computational_law
supply "missing axioms" to help complete the proof (this is called "backward chaining"). This approach was implemented by: Grammatical Framework. IPSIM
Dialog_manager
Technical standard in computing
specification. The USB4 standard mandates "functionality backward compatibility" to USB 3.x and dedicated backward compatibility with USB 2.0. The dynamic sharing
USB4
Home video game consoles
are backward-compatible with nearly all Xbox One-compatible games and accessories (including Xbox 360 and original Xbox games that were made backward-compatible
Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S
Computing joint values of a kinematic chain from a known end position
heuristic algorithms are cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) and forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics (FABRIK). Physics portal 321 kinematic structure
Inverse_kinematics
When a company owns its supply chain
firm is placed in the order of the supply chain. There are three varieties of vertical integration: backward (upstream) vertical integration, forward (downstream)
Vertical_integration
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
models, the forward process adds noise, and the backward process removes noise. Both the forward and backward processes are SDEs, though the forward process
Diffusion_model
Operating System low level I/O API
extents for all volumes. Each DEB is forward- and backward-chained to the DCB, and EXCP checks the chaining as a system security measure, as the DCB resides
Execute_Channel_Program
Chess opening
Indian Defence where the queen's bishop on c8 is trapped behind the pawn chain. If Black were to attempt to resolve this situation by playing a subsequent
King's_Indian_Attack
Type of artificial neural network
of identity mappings facilitates signal propagation in both forward and backward paths. If the output of the ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } -th residual block
Residual_neural_network
Economic growth strategy
poverty, low levels of productivity, great dependence on agriculture, a backward industrial structure, a high proportion of consumption and low savings
Strategy_of_unbalanced_growth
Third major version of the Universal Serial Bus standard
and therefore keeping the original four pins and wires for the USB 2.0 backward-compatibility, resulting in nine wires in total and nine or ten pins at
USB_3.0
Ethnic group/class in India and Nepal
Kushwahas are presently classified as Other Backward Class (OBC) by the National Commission for Backward Classes. The term has been used to represent
Kushwaha
c = a & b it behaved as a bitwise one). It was retained so as to keep backward compatibility with existing installations. Moreover, in C++ (and later
Operators_in_C_and_C++
Finding and identifying people in contact with someone with an infectious disease
authorities to identify, notify, and curb transmission of infections. Backward (or reverse) tracing seeks to establish the source of an infection, by
Contact_tracing
Protest in India against reservation for OBCs
coalition United Progressive Alliance, to implement reservations for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education. These
2006 Indian anti-reservation protests
2006_Indian_anti-reservation_protests
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