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Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
Conditional logic (also: the logic of conditionals) refers to a family of formal systems for reasoning with statements of the form "if A, (then) B". Conditional
Conditional_logic
Logical connective
The material conditional (also known as material implication) is a binary operation commonly used in logic. When the conditional symbol → {\displaystyle
Material_conditional
Topics referred to by the same term
Y Conditional probability, the probability of an event A given that another event B Conditional proof, in logic: a proof that asserts a conditional, and
Conditional
Formal statement in logic
In logic, a strict conditional (symbol: ◻ {\displaystyle \Box } , or ⥽) is a conditional governed by a modal operator, that is, a logical connective of
Strict_conditional
SQL data filter
complex conditional logic through constructs such as CASE, COALESCE, and NULLIF. The CASE expression, for example, enables SQL to perform conditional branching
Condition_(SQL)
Conditionals that discuss what would have been if things were otherwise
central topics in philosophical logic, formal semantics, and philosophy of language. In particular, several conditional logics have been developed specifically
Counterfactual_conditional
Topics referred to by the same term
A conditional statement may refer to: A conditional formula in logic and mathematics, which can be interpreted as: Material conditional Strict conditional
Conditional_statement
Formal proof
A conditional proof is a proof that takes the form of asserting a conditional, and proving that the antecedent of the conditional necessarily leads to
Conditional_proof
Natural-language "if" sentences about what may be the case
but are not. Indicative conditionals are central in philosophy of language, philosophical logic (especially conditional logic), and linguistics. Debates
Indicative_conditional
Syllogism with conditional premise(s)
In classical logic, a hypothetical syllogism is a valid argument form, a deductive syllogism with a conditional statement for one or both of its premises
Hypothetical_syllogism
American philosopher and logician (1941–2023)
philosopher and logician, known for his work in modal logic, deontic logic, conditional logic, and the logic of agency. He was a long-time member of the Department
Brian_Chellas
In logic, the corresponding conditional of an argument (or derivation) is a material conditional whose antecedent is the conjunction of the argument's
Corresponding_conditional
External instruction to a computer program
of adjacent technology are conflated with commands. For example, conditional logic in Bash and Python is called an expression and statements in Java
Command_(computing)
Sentence expressing an 'if-then' relation
variety of conditional logics that better match actual conditional language and conditional reasoning. They include the strict conditional and the variably
Conditional_sentence
Mathematical logic concept
In logic and mathematics, contraposition, or transposition, refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent
Contraposition
Type of logical contradiction
However, if someone were to model both using the material conditional in propositional logic, they would both be ¬ O → S {\displaystyle \lnot O\rightarrow
Paradoxes of material implication
Paradoxes_of_material_implication
Concept in mathematical logic
In logic, an inverse is a type of conditional sentence which is an immediate inference made from another conditional sentence. More specifically, given
Inverse_(logic)
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Strict conditional Syntax (logic) Truth Truth value Validity Affine logic Alethic logic Aristotelian logic Boolean logic Buddhist logic Bunched logic Categorical
Outline_of_logic
Field of philosophical logic
Deontic logic is the field of philosophical logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a
Deontic_logic
Concept in mathematical logic
In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the
Converse_(logic)
Test for the acceptability of conditionals via hypothetical belief revision
in § Probabilistic approaches to conditionals, in § Possible-worlds semantics, and in dynamic and non-monotonic logics. The Ramsey test has also been shown
Ramsey_test
Theory of logic to account for observations from quantum theory
conditional; a common alternative is the system of linear logic, of which quantum logic is a fragment.[citation needed] Mathematically, quantum logic
Quantum_logic
Record of procedures for IT system staff
and guided procedures". 8 May 2023. SMEs can document and design conditional logic that guides less-experienced agents through best practice procedures
Runbook
Rule of logical inference
propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), conditional elimination
Modus_ponens
Type of programmable logic device
A programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits. The PLA has a set of programmable
Programmable_logic_array
Ancient philosophy
generally used in modern formal logic. These connectives are combined with the use of not for negation. Thus the conditional can take the following four forms:
Stoicism
First half of an hypothetic statement (in logic)
antecedent (fallacy) Necessity and sufficiency See Conditional sentence. Sets, Functions and Logic - An Introduction to Abstract Mathematics, Keith Devlin
Antecedent_(logic)
Kind of quantifier in logic
In logic, a conditional quantifier is a kind of Lindström quantifier (or generalized quantifier) QA that, relative to a classical model A, satisfies some
Conditional_quantifier
American company
which the users are able to customize anything related to the form. Conditional logic can also be set. The product also integrates with many other major
Jotform
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name
List_of_logic_symbols
American philosopher (born 1940)
foundations of semantics, pragmatics, philosophical logic, decision theory, game theory, the theory of conditionals, epistemology, and the philosophy of mind.
Robert_Stalnaker
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
material conditional with swapped arguments; thus, the symbol for converse implication is redundant. In some logical calculi (notably, in classical logic), certain
Logical_connective
Control flow statement that branches according to a Boolean expression
programming, a conditional statement directs program control flow based on the value of a condition; a Boolean expression. A conditional expression evaluates
Conditional (computer programming)
Conditional_(computer_programming)
Topics referred to by the same term
In logic, the term conditional disjunction can refer to: conditioned disjunction, a ternary logical connective introduced by Alonzo Church a rule in classical
Conditional_disjunction
formal logic such as the Stanhope Demonstrator or Jevon's logic piano. logic of attributes See monadic first-order logic. logic of conditionals See conditional
Glossary_of_logic
Conditional statement which is true because the antecedent cannot be satisfied
mathematics and logic, a vacuous truth is a conditional or universal statement (specifically a universal statement that can be converted to a conditional statement)
Vacuous_truth
Kind of non-classical logic
relevance between antecedent and conditional of a true implication. This idea is not new: C. I. Lewis was led to invent modal logic, and specifically strict implication
Relevance_logic
Argument whose conclusion must be true if its premises are
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true
Validity_(logic)
Probability of an event occurring, given that another event has already occurred
In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event occurring, given that another event (by assumption, presumption
Conditional_probability
Conditional operator in computer programming
In computer programming, the ternary conditional operator is a conditional expression with three parts: the Boolean condition, the then-expression, and
Ternary_conditional_operator
Approach to logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to
Term_logic
User interface technique
required field) rather than throwing a wall of errors at the end. Conditional logic lets the form change shape depending on what a user has already said
Intelligent_form
Building software via an unattended fashion
They encode sequences of commands to perform with usually minimal conditional logic. Some tools, such as Make are product-oriented. They build a product
Build_automation
Operating system
administrative tasks. Sequential execution of multiple commands. Conditional logic based on command success, failure, or output. Pause steps for manual
Kodachi_OS
Form of reasoning
invalid deductive reasoning is a form of deductive reasoning. Deductive logic studies under what conditions an argument is valid. According to the semantic
Deductive_reasoning
Handheld calculator operating system
block given as one of its arguments, allowing a more compact form of conditional logic than an IF/THEN/ELSE/END structure. The following example pops an
RPL_(programming_language)
Study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and natural languages
In logic, the semantics or formal semantics is the study of the meaning and interpretation of formal languages, formal systems, and (idealizations of)
Semantics_(logic)
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India
History_of_logic
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Rules to verify computer program correctness
Hoare logic (also known as Floyd–Hoare logic or Hoare rules) is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness
Hoare_logic
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
logic. Relevance logic is a prominent form of paraconsistent logic. It rejects the purely truth-functional interpretation of the material conditional
Philosophical_logic
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
American philosopher (1941–2001)
(1973) are considered classics. His works on the logic and semantics of counterfactual conditionals are broadly used by philosophers and linguists along
David_Lewis_(philosopher)
Data having only values "true" or "false"
the two truth values of logic: true and false. It is named after George Boole, who first defined an algebraic system of logic in the mid-19th century
Boolean_data_type
Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning
disjunctive ("A or B") and conditional ("if A then B") statements. Immanuel Kant famously claimed, in Logic (1800), that logic was the one completed science
Syllogism
Test in the study of deductive reasoning
by using another reference to zeroth-order logic. In classical propositional logic, the material conditional is false if and only if its antecedent is
Wason_selection_task
Propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic
In mathematical logic, a superintuitionistic logic is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. A logic is a set of propositional formulas
Intermediate_logic
Principle of classical logic
Q)\rightarrow R)} . This already holds in minimal logic, and thus also in classical logic, where the conditional operator " → {\displaystyle \rightarrow } "
Import–export_(logic)
Non-profit organization in the insurance industry
such as its number of fillable fields, input types, page count, and conditional logic. The Lloyd's of London insurance market uses ACORD standards for messaging
ACORD
Rule of logical inference
subjective logic produces an absolute FALSE abduced opinion ω P ‖ ~ Q A {\displaystyle \omega _{P{\widetilde {\|}}Q}^{A}} when the conditional opinion ω
Modus_tollens
Digital logic gate
IMPLY gate is a digital logic gate that implements a logical conditional. IMPLY can be denoted in algebraic expressions with the logic symbol right-facing
IMPLY_gate
Instruction in computer program
are parts of a processor that guess the outcome of a conditional branch. Then the processor's logic gambles on the guess by beginning to execute the expected
Branch_(computer_science)
Programming language construct
val return result Short-circuit logic, with or without side-effects, have been formalized based on Hoare's conditional. A result is that non-short-circuiting
Short-circuit_evaluation
Type of formal logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion
Paraconsistent_logic
Markup language by Microsoft
The structural transformation contains reusable content and applies conditional logic to determine the structure that content should take when it is displayed
Microsoft Assistance Markup Language
Microsoft_Assistance_Markup_Language
Family of formal knowledge representation
first-order logic (which subsumes most DL). When translated into first-order logic, a subsumption axiom like (1) is simply a conditional restriction to
Description_logic
Ancient Socratic school
developed logic to such an extent that they became a separate school, known as the Dialectical school. Their work on modal logic, logical conditionals, and
Megarian_school
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Terms to describe a conditional relationship between two statements
In logic and mathematics, necessity and sufficiency are concepts used to denote a conditional or implicational relationship between two statements. For
Necessity_and_sufficiency
1956 computer program written by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw
Logic Theorist is a computer program completed in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. It was the first program deliberately engineered
Logic_Theorist
Build management and continuous integration server
for complex build chains with dependencies, parallel execution, and conditional logic Build Templates: Reusable configuration templates to standardize build
TeamCity
Combinational digital circuit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Design method and manifesto by Luna Maurer, Jonathan Puckey, Roel Wouters and Edo Paulus
Conditional Design is a design method and manifesto formulated in 2008 by Luna Maurer, Edo Paulus, Jonathan Puckey, and Roel Wouters, The approach focuses
Conditional_Design_Manifesto
Form of conditionals in computer programming
alternative to conditional transfer of control, as implemented by conditional branch machine instructions. Predication works by having conditional (predicated)
Predication (computer architecture)
Predication_(computer_architecture)
Topics referred to by the same term
that uses only the material conditional connective Strict conditional or strict implication, a connective of modal logic that expresses necessity modus
Implication
Digital circuit implementation method
Parallel and Distributed Computing, No. 5, pp. 716-728, 1988. Conditional-Sum Addition Logic. Sklansky J. IRE Transaction on Electronic Computer. 1960. p
Carry-select_adder
Type of logical system
first-order logic (FOL), also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system. First-order logic uses quantified
First-order_logic
Type of software system
wide application across many disciplines. Rule engines represent conditional logic as discrete rules. Rule sets can be managed and applied separately
Reasoning_system
Type of formal logic
verb Multimodal logic Multi-valued logic Neighborhood semantics Provability logic Regular modal logic Relevance logic Strict conditional Two-dimensionalism
Modal_logic
systematically equating the conditional probability P ( B ∣ A ) {\displaystyle P(B\mid A)} with the probability of a so-called conditional event, A → B {\displaystyle
Lewis's_triviality_result
Web programming language
web browser garbage collector and cyclic reference counting bugs, conditional logic, and other edge and corner cases. This differs from other JavaScript
JS++
Version of classical propositional calculus that uses only one connective
propositional calculus that uses only one connective, called implication or conditional. In formulas, this binary operation is indicated by "implies", "if .
Implicational propositional calculus
Implicational_propositional_calculus
Concept in modal logic
Guinnebault, J. M.; Mayer, E. (1997). "Propositional quantification for conditional logic". In Qualitative and Quantitative Practical Reasoning. Springer Berlin
Buridan_formula
Topics referred to by the same term
ternary, a positional numeral system, useful for comparison logic Ternary logic, a logic system with the values true, false, and some other value Ternary
Ternary
Molecule that performs a logical operation
and XOR gates, respectively. An INHIBIT (INH) gate is a special conditional logic gate that includes a prohibitory input. When the prohibitory input
Molecular_logic_gate
Greek Stoic philosopher (c.279–c.206 BC)
propositions, familiar to modern logic, were listed by Chrysippus, including the conjunction, the disjunction, and the conditional, and Chrysippus studied their
Chrysippus
True when either but not both inputs are true
logical biconditional, by the rules of material implication (a material conditional is equivalent to the disjunction of the negation of its antecedent and
Exclusive_or
Method of deriving conclusions
Three-Valued Conditionals Gottwald 2022, Lead section, § 2. Proof Theory Demey, Kooi & Sack 2023, Lead section, § 1. Combining Logic and Probability
Rule_of_inference
three-valued logic proposed by Sobociński (1920) and favored by Belnap (1973), and also implied by Adams's (1975) “quasi-conjunction” for conditionals. Schay
Conditional_event_algebra
Simple routing algorithm sending incoming packets to all other links than the sender
unconditionally distributes packets to each of its neighbors. Without conditional logic to prevent indefinite recirculation of the same packet, broadcast
Flooding (computer networking)
Flooding_(computer_networking)
Applications of logic under uncertainty
opinions, conditional deduction (MP) and abduction (MT)., as well as Bayes' theorem. The approximate reasoning formalism proposed by fuzzy logic can be used
Probabilistic_logic
In mathematics, a statement that has been proven
the meanings assigned to the derivation rules and the conditional symbol (e.g., non-classical logic). Although theorems can be written in a completely symbolic
Theorem
Mathematical symbol
\supset in TeX) is a symbol used to represent: Material conditional in propositional logic Superset in set theory It was used by Whitehead and Russell
Horseshoe_(symbol)
State machines and generalizations in UML
state variable instead of many variables, thus eliminating a lot of conditional logic. In practice, however, interpreting the whole state of the state machine
UML_state_machine
Mathematical paradox
assumption for conditional proof, the rule of contraction, and modus ponens. These are included in most common logical systems, such as first-order logic. In the
Curry's_paradox
Italian logician and epistemologist
Italy: tense logic and conditional logic. In a number of academic papers, he developed a variant of so-called connexive logic named "logic of consequential
Claudio_E._A._Pizzi
Bearer of truth values
{\displaystyle Q} , connected with the conditional operator "if ... then ...". The logical operators in propositional logic are truth-functional, meaning that
Proposition
Voice over IP software comparison
ODBC-compliant database), billing, conferencing, hot desking, IVR trees with conditional logic, call waiting, automated call distribution Enthusiasts, developers
Comparison_of_VoIP_software
Logic gate
optimized conditional inversion of A when B is at a logic high using pass transistor logic to reduce the transistor count and when B is at a logic low, their
XOR_gate
Logical proof involving antecedents and consequents
In mathematical logic, a sequent is a very general kind of conditional assertion. A 1 , … , A m ⊢ B 1 , … , B n . {\displaystyle A_{1},\,\dots ,A_{m}\
Sequent
travel, tourism, insurance
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Tamil
Circumstance, Period of life, Wick, Condition, Degree
Boy/Male
Tamil
Can travel in all climatic conditions
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Hindu
Good or Happy condition, Solution
Girl/Female
Tamil
Viviktha | விவீகà¯à®¤à®¾Â
Distinguished, Pure, Deep, Logically intelligent
Viviktha | விவீகà¯à®¤à®¾Â
Boy/Male
Indian
Can Travel in All Climatic Conditions
Girl/Female
Tamil
Good or Happy condition, Solution
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Sleepless; Condition of Being Awake; One who Conquers Sleep
Boy/Male
Hindu
Love and kindness, Analytical, Logical
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Tamil
Full of feathers, Full of logic, Name of sage, Vatsyayan
Boy/Male
Arabic
State; Condition
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Australian, Greek, Swahili
Unique; Graceful; Kind; Sweet; The Beautiful Ocean; Loving; Forgiving; Content; Delighted; Beauty; Perfect; State; Handsome; Condition; The Sea
Girl/Female
Indian
Circumstance, Period of life, Wick, Condition, Degree
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vivikta | விவிகதா
Distinguished, Pure, Deep, Logically intelligent
Vivikta | விவிகதா
Boy/Male
Indian
Intelligent, Logical
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Australian, French, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Sacrifice; Unconditional Love; Love
Girl/Female
Tamil
Good or Happy condition, Solution, Fortune
Girl/Female
Hindu
Good or Happy condition, Solution, Fortune
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
CONDITIONAL LOGIC
travel, tourism, insurance