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Device performing a Boolean function
A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output
Logic_gate
Logic gate
The XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as exclusive OR, ksor or sometimes EX-OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output
XOR_gate
Basic circuit in quantum computing
computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building
Quantum_logic_gate
Logic gate implementing negation
In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. It outputs a bit whose value is opposite of the input bit's
Inverter_(logic_gate)
Molecule that performs a logical operation
A molecular logic gate is a molecule that performs a logical operation based on at least one physical or chemical inputs and a single output. The field
Molecular_logic_gate
Digital logic gate type
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements the logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic – AND gates behave according to their truth
AND_gate
Digital logic gate type
The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical disjunction. The OR gate outputs "true" if any of its inputs is "true"; otherwise it outputs
OR_gate
Logical gate whose output is false if all its inputs are true
NAND gate (NOT AND gate) is a logic gate whose output is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A
NAND_gate
Digital logic gate
The XNOR gate (sometimes ENOR, EXNOR, NXOR, XAND and pronounced as exclusive NOR) is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the
XNOR_gate
Digital logic gate
The NOR (NOT OR) gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results
NOR_gate
Logic constructed only from NAND gates
and this is referred to as NOR logic. A NAND gate is an inverted AND gate. It has the following truth table: In CMOS logic, if both of the A and B inputs
NAND_logic
Reconfigurable digital circuit element
programmable array logic, programmable logic array and generic array logic; complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs); and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
Programmable_logic_device
AND and OR logic with diodes and resistors
Diode logic (or diode-resistor logic) constructs AND and OR logic gates with diodes and resistors. An active device (vacuum tubes with control grids in
Diode_logic
Type of integrated circuit
prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g., NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according to custom order by adding metal
Gate_array
Class of digital circuits
became particularly popular. TTL manufacturers offered a wide range of logic gates, flip-flops, counters, and other circuits. Variations of the original
Transistor–transistor_logic
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of configurable integrated circuit that can be repeatedly programmed after manufacturing. FPGAs are a subset of logic devices
Field-programmable_gate_array
Either of two concepts in computer engineering
a logic family is one of two related concepts: A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed
Logic_family
Use of a fluid to perform analog or digital operations
also be implemented with the XOR gate, as A XOR 1 = Ā. Another kind of fluidic logic is bubble logic. Bubble logic gates conserve the number of bits entering
Fluidics
Logic gate type
AND-OR-invert (AOI) logic and AOI gates are two-level compound (or complex) logic functions constructed from the combination of one or more AND gates followed by
AND-OR-invert
Computer that uses photons or light waves
ultrashort pulses down dispersive waveguides. Photonic logic is the use of photons (light) in logic gates. Switching is obtained using nonlinear optical effects
Optical_computing
In gate-based quantum computing, various sets of quantum logic gates are commonly used to express quantum operations. The following tables list several
List_of_quantum_logic_gates
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
In logic circuits, the Toffoli gate, also known as the CCNOT gate ("controlled-controlled-not"), invented by Tommaso Toffoli in 1980 is a CNOT gate with
Toffoli_gate
Digital logic gate
to IMPLY_gates. NIMPLY gate AND gate NOT gate NAND gate NOR gate XOR gate XNOR gate Boolean algebra (logic) Logic gates "Implication Logic". Devices
IMPLY_gate
logic device Pin compatibility "The Benefits of Ancient Logic". Analog Devices. "Logic Circuit | Register | Buffer | Driver | Gate | Overview | Logic
List of 4000-series integrated circuits
List_of_4000-series_integrated_circuits
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
The Fredkin gate (also controlled-SWAP gate and conservative logic gate) is a computational circuit suitable for reversible computing, invented by Edward
Fredkin_gate
Digital logic gate
The NIMPLY gate (/ˈnɪmplaɪ/, NIM-plie) is a digital logic gate that implements a material nonimplication. A right-facing arrow with a line through it
NIMPLY_gate
Form of digital logic family in integrated circuits
logic (from N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor) uses n-type (-) MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) to implement logic gates and
NMOS_logic
mathematical symbols Logic alphabet, a suggested set of logical symbols Logic gate § Symbols Logical connective Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode
List_of_logic_symbols
Class of digital circuits
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating functions
Diode–transistor_logic
Digital electronic term
the fan-out is the number of gate inputs driven by the output of another single logic gate. In most designs, logic gates are connected to form more complex
Fan-out
Concept in computer science
of academic literature. A wide variety of reversible device concepts, logic gates, electronic circuits, processor architectures, programming languages
Reversible_computing
Type of electronic component
programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of programmable array logic (PAL) and field-programmable gate arrays
Complex programmable logic device
Complex_programmable_logic_device
Logical connective AND
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and ( ∧ {\displaystyle \wedge } ) is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction. The logical
Logical_conjunction
Method for increasing reliability
identical logic gates has value 1, then: (a) if no circuit has failed, all three circuits produce an output of value 1, and the majority gate output has
Triple_modular_redundancy
Logic gate that implements boolean algebra
wired logic connection is a logic gate that implements boolean algebra (logic) using only passive components such as diodes and resistors. A wired logic connection
Wired_logic_connection
Making other gates using just NOR gates
A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative. Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called
NOR_logic
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
quantum logic gates from a fairly small family of gates. A choice of gate family that enables this construction is known as a universal gate set, since
Quantum_computing
Technique used to estimate delay in a CMOS circuit
delay in a logic gate can be expressed as a summation of two primary terms: normalized parasitic delay, p (which is an intrinsic delay of the gate and can
Logical_effort
Integrated circuit logic family
that each gate continuously draws current, which means that it requires (and dissipates) significantly more power than those of other logic families,
Emitter-coupled_logic
Process by which desired circuit behavior is turned into a schematic of logic gates
transfer level (RTL), is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates, typically by a computer program called a synthesis tool. Common examples
Logic_synthesis
types of primitive elements: combinatorial logic gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR etc.), which process logic functions without memory, and sequential
Timing_closure
Computer program for complexity reduction of digital logic circuits
ESPRESSO logic minimizer is a computer program using heuristic and specific algorithms for efficiently reducing the complexity of digital logic gate circuits
Espresso heuristic logic minimizer
Espresso_heuristic_logic_minimizer
CMOS-based evolution of the dynamic logic techniques
Domino logic is a CMOS-based evolution of dynamic logic techniques consisting of a dynamic logic gate cascaded into a static CMOS inverter. The term derives
Domino_logic
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
include important analog design considerations. Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated
Digital_electronics
Measure of circuit complexity
cell library comprises many different logic gates, for example a NAND gate. For each logical type of logic gate, e.g., a two-input NAND, there usually
Gate_equivalent
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
of MOSFET logic, PMOS (p-type MOS) and NMOS (n-type MOS). In 1948, Bardeen and Brattain patented the progenitor of MOSFET, an insulated-gate FET (IGFET)
CMOS
Quantum logic gate
controlled NOT gate (also C-NOT or CNOT), controlled-X gate, controlled-bit-flip gate, Feynman gate or controlled Pauli-X is a quantum logic gate that is an
Controlled_NOT_gate
Family of digital circuits
power supply voltage, silicon gate PMOS logic is often referred to as low-voltage PMOS in contrast to the older, metal-gate PMOS as high-voltage PMOS. For
PMOS_logic
True when either but not both inputs are true
(conjunction) and ∨ {\displaystyle \lor } (disjunction) are very useful in logic systems, they fail a more generalizable structure in the following way:
Exclusive_or
Series of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits
several popular logic family functions. The 7400 series contains hundreds of devices that provide everything from basic logic gates, flip-flops, and
7400-series integrated circuits
7400-series_integrated_circuits
Branch of SETI
MIT, describes a virtual machine that is derived from lambda calculus. Logic Gate Matrices (a.k.a. LGM), developed by Brian McConnell, describes a universal
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence
Concept in mathematical logic
that every possible logic gate can be realized as a network of gates of the types prescribed by the set. In particular, all logic gates can be assembled
Functional_completeness
CMOS-based electronic switch
input is a logic zero (negative power supply potential), the gate of the n-channel MOSFET is also at a negative supply voltage potential. The gate terminal
Transmission_gate
Combinational digital circuit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers
Arithmetic_logic_unit
number of inputs a logic gate can handle. For instance the fan-in for the AND gate shown in the figure is 3. Physical logic gates with a large fan-in
Fan-in
Time for a signal or other quantity to reach its destination
propagation, velocity factor, signal velocity, and mechanical wave. Logic gates have a gate delay ranging from picoseconds to several nanoseconds, depending
Propagation_delay
Measure of time used in digital CMOS technologies
technologies: the gate delay of a component with a fan-out of 4. Fan out = Cload / Cin, where Cload = total MOS gate capacitance driven by the logic gate under consideration
FO4
Computer that uses ternary logic
by Huawei proposed a ternary logic gate able to add and subtract ternary inputs. It is introduced as a "ternary logic gate circuit, a computing circuit
Ternary_computer
Unit of information in a quantum computer
arXiv. A qudit logic gate (or simply qudit gate) is a basic quantum circuit that acts on a qudit. To achieve a universal qudit gate, (a gate that can be
Qudit
Specialized bipolar transistor
transistor mostly used at the inputs of integrated circuit TTL NAND logic gates. Input signals are applied to the emitters. The voltage presented to
Multiple-emitter_transistor
Computers using chaotic systems
digital logic operations implemented at the lowest level as logic gates. There are essentially seven basic logic functions implemented as logic gates: AND
Chaos_computing
Presence of more logic gates in a digital circuit than it theoretically requires
Logic redundancy occurs in a logic gate network containing circuitry that does not affect the static logic function. There are several reasons why logic
Logic_redundancy
A photochemical logic gate is based on the photochemical intersystem crossing and molecular electronic transition between photochemically active molecules
Photochemical_logic_gate
Group of logic families in electronics
transistors used to make different logic gates, by eliminating redundant transistors. Transistors are used as switches to pass logic levels between nodes of a
Pass_transistor_logic
Model of quantum computing
notation in 1986. Most elementary logic gates of a classical computer are not reversible. Thus, for instance, for an AND gate one cannot always recover the
Quantum_circuit
Proposed quantum computer implementation
long-lived (with a decay time of the order of a second), compared to the logic gate operation time (which is of the order of microseconds). The use of each
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Type of programmable logic device
logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits. The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes
Programmable_logic_array
Pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions
of the symbols. There are variations of these logic gate symbols. Depending on the IC, the two-input gates below may have: 1) two or more inputs; 2) infrequently
Electronic_symbol
Arithmetic logic circuit
Deciding the group size to be governed by lookahead carry logic requires a detailed analysis of gate and propagation delays for the particular technology being
Carry-lookahead_adder
Physical phenomenon
via an arrangement of logic gates. Experiments by D. Gottesman and I. L. Chuang have determined that a "Clifford hierarchy" gate arrangement which acts
Quantum_teleportation
Mathematical table used in logic
Here is a truth table that gives definitions of each of the 7 basic logic gate functions of two Boolean variables P and Q: For binary operators, a condensed
Truth_table
Card game
Booleo (stylized bOOleO) is a strategy card game using boolean logic gates. It was developed by Jonathan Brandt and Chris Kampf with Sean P. Dennis in
Booleo
Boolean function
several simpler logical gates. Many systems have triple modular redundancy; they use the majority function for majority logic decoding to implement error
Majority_function
Topics referred to by the same term
unary operator in logic depicted as ~, ¬, or ! Bitwise NOT, an operator used in computer programming NOT gate, a digital logic gate (commonly called an
Not
Logical connective OR
In logic, disjunction (also known as logical disjunction, logical or, logical addition, or inclusive disjunction) is a logical connective typically notated
Logical_disjunction
Digital circuit design abstraction
engineered at a higher level of abstraction than transistor level (logic families) or logic gate level. In HDLs the designer declares the registers (which roughly
Register-transfer_level
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
a way to analyze and design circuits by algebraic means in terms of logic gates. Shannon already had at his disposal the abstract mathematical apparatus
Boolean_algebra
Electronic circuit with two stable states
introduction of integrated circuits, though latches and flip-flops made from logic gates are also common now. Early latches were known variously as trigger circuits
Flip-flop_(electronics)
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Classical logic Computability logic Deontic logic Dependence logic Description logic Deviant logic Doxastic logic Epistemic logic First-order logic Formal
Outline_of_logic
Method of quantum computing
In the quantum logic gate model, a set of qubits, called register, is prepared at the beginning of the computation, then a set of logic operations over
One-way_quantum_computer
In signal processing, a passthrough is a logic gate that enables a signal to "pass through" unaltered, sometimes with little alteration. Sometimes the
Passthrough_(electronics)
Topics referred to by the same term
And - Chi Andromedae, the G8III star an alternative name for XNOR, a logic gate Xand van Tulleken, known as Dr Xand And X (Andromeda X), galaxy 10 And
XAND
Digital circuit that produces sums from inputs
half-adder design incorporates an XOR gate for S {\displaystyle S} and an AND gate for C {\displaystyle C} . The Boolean logic for the sum (in this case S {\displaystyle
Adder_(electronics)
Molecular-scale artificial or biological device
applications; some of these include molecular motors, switches, and logic gates. A wide range of applications have been demonstrated for AMMs, including
Molecular_machine
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
other electronic components, to produce complete electronic circuits. A logic gate consists of up to about 20 transistors, whereas an advanced microprocessor
Transistor
Types of quantum information
enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (cf. propagation delay for classical logic gates). Since the development of the first quantum
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Topics referred to by the same term
Binary logic may refer to: Boolean logic, a two-valued formal logic Logic gates implementing Boolean logic in digital electronics Bivalent logic or two-valued
Binary_logic
Mathematical study of switched networks
showed that NOR gates alone (or alternatively NAND gates alone) can be used to reproduce the functions of all the other logic gates, but this work remained
Switching_circuit_theory
Mechanical computer built using dominoes
computer built using dominoes to represent mechanical amplification or logic gating of digital signals. Sequences of standing dominoes can be arranged to
Domino_computer
Phenomenon in electronics
switching where the gate voltage can appear to be less than the local ground potential, causing the unstable operation of a logic gate. Ground bounce is
Ground_bounce
Computing using molecular biology hardware
are used to build logic gates analogous to digital logic in silicon; however, DNAzymes are limited to one-, two-, and three-input gates with no current
DNA_computing
section only includes combinational logic gates. For part numbers in this section, "x" is the 7400-series logic family, such as LS, ALS, HCT, AHCT, HC
List of 7400-series integrated circuits
List_of_7400-series_integrated_circuits
Reprogrammable computer hardware technology
In computing, a logic block or configurable logic block (CLB) is a fundamental building block of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology.[citation
Logic_block
Type of logic circuit
the gate first. Therefore, the circuit can go into the wrong state, depending on small differences in the propagation delays of the logic gates. This
Sequential_logic
Logic circuitry that requires low temperatures to achieve superconductivity
Superconducting logic refers to a class of logic circuits or logic gates that use the unique properties of superconductors, including zero-resistance wires
Superconducting_computing
Surjective bounded operator on a Hilbert space preserving the inner product
normalization). This follows from Parseval's theorem. Quantum logic gates are unitary operators. Not all gates are Hermitian. More generally, unitary matrices are
Unitary_operator
Type of conservative logic circuit
the buffers around them to form a reversible Toffoli gate, from which any other Boolean logic gate may be simulated. Therefore, suitably configured billiard-ball
Billiard-ball_computer
Semiconductor manufacturing node
has the lowest cost per logic gate and has slowly risen since then. TSMC has offered 28 nm production using high-K metal gate process technology. GlobalFoundries
32_nm_process
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
complexity (and hence functionality) possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 logic gates to over 100 million. Modern ASICs often include entire microprocessors
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Electrical circuit with active components
custom-designed logic circuits, known as application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs). Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), chips with logic circuitry
Electronic_circuit
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