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Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX
SpaceX Mars colonization program (also referred to as Occupy Mars as a joking reference to the Occupy movement) is the stated long-term objective of the
SpaceX Mars colonization program
SpaceX_Mars_colonization_program
The colonization of Mars is the proposed process of establishing permanent human settlements on the planet Mars. While most colonization concepts focus
Colonization_of_Mars
Proposed concepts
weather – Branch of space physics and aeronomy SpaceX Mars colonization program – Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX Rich, Nathaniel (25 February 2024). "Can
Human_mission_to_Mars
2026 American company IPO
The initial public offering (IPO) of SpaceX, an American aerospace and artificial intelligence company founded by Elon Musk in 2002, occurred on June 12
Initial public offering of SpaceX
Initial_public_offering_of_SpaceX
Mars, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers. Mission time is often measured in Mars sols, solar days on Mars. Mission Type Legend Mission to Mars Gravity
List_of_missions_to_Mars
Defunct foundation and company that promoted Mars colonization
SpaceX for both resources, the company had no contracts with Mars One in an industry that typically plans contracts decades in advance. Colonization of
Mars_One
SpaceX satellite Internet constellation
SpaceX's Mars plans. Furthermore, SpaceX has long-term plans to develop and deploy a version of the satellite communication system to serve Mars. Starting
Starlink
Attempts by various countries to land a human on Mars
landing Exploration of Mars List of missions to Mars SpaceX Mars Colonization Program NBC News (21 May 2023), The Race to Mars, Meet the Press, NBC, cQl9f1FvgB4
Mars_race
Development history of the SpaceX Starship vehicle
known under various names (Mars Colonial Transporter, Interplanetary Transport System, BFR). In November 2005, before SpaceX had launched its first rocket
SpaceX Starship design history
SpaceX_Starship_design_history
Modified SpaceX Dragon spacecraft design for a proposed sample return mission to Mars
conceivably use. The series of Mars missions were to be technology pathfinders for the much larger SpaceX Mars colonization architecture that was announced
SpaceX_Red_Dragon
List of launches of SpaceX's fully reusable Starship
development program and plan to colonize Mars, and is one of two landing systems selected by NASA for the Artemis program's crewed Lunar missions. SpaceX calls
List_of_Starship_launches
2017, Musk had met with Trump at Trump Tower to argue for the SpaceX Mars colonization program. That month, he told Gizmodo that he was among several "voices
Political activities of Elon Musk
Political_activities_of_Elon_Musk
Reusable first-stage rocket developed by SpaceX
the SpaceX Starship super heavy-lift launch vehicle, which it composes in combination with the Starship second stage. As a part of SpaceX's Mars colonization
SpaceX_Super_Heavy
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
Starship Program, Block 3 and Mars". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved May 30, 2025. "BUILDING ON THE SUCCESS OF STARSHIP'S SECOND FLIGHT TEST". SpaceX. Archived
SpaceX_Starship
NASA-led lunar exploration program
successor to his Mars Direct. Zubrin envisions phasing out the SLS and Orion, replacing them with the SpaceX launch vehicles and the SpaceX Dragon 2. This
Artemis_program
American spaceflight and AI company
humans, and colonizing Mars. In 2008, after three failed attempts between 2006 and 2008 that almost pushed the company to bankruptcy, SpaceX successfully
SpaceX
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon
Apollo_program
SpaceX private launch site
SpaceX Starbase, previously known as SpaceX South Texas Launch Site and SpaceX private launch site, is an industrial complex and rocket launch facility
SpaceX_Starbase
Cancelled 2005–2010 NASA human spaceflight program
Mars as the ultimate goal. The program's logo reflected the three stages of the program: the Earth (ISS), the Moon, and finally Mars—while the Mars goal
Constellation_program
Effort by SpaceX to make rockets that can fly multiple times
service (link) Bergin, Chris (September 27, 2016). "SpaceX reveals ITS Mars game changer via colonization plan". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program
Fourth planet from the Sun
planet. As of 2024, SpaceX has proceeded with the development of the Starship launch vehicle with the goal of Mars colonization. In plans shared with
Mars
and colonization of Mars. They called it "Journey to Mars". The plan operates through three distinct phases leading to fully sustained colonization. The
Exploration_of_Mars
Proposal for a crewed Mars mission
advocacy as head of the Mars Society, an organization devoted to the colonization of Mars. On July 20, 1989, US President George H. W. Bush announced plans
Mars_Direct
would later become known as "Starship." SpaceX has publicly proposed a plan to begin the colonization of Mars by developing a high-capacity transportation
List of crewed Mars mission plans
List_of_crewed_Mars_mission_plans
Concept of permanent human habitation outside of Earth
Space colonization, or extraterrestrial colonization, is the establishment of human settlements or colonies in outer space and on astronomical bodies.
Space_colonization
Reusable spacecraft under development by SpaceX
October 3, 2016. Bergin, Chris (September 27, 2016). "SpaceX reveals ITS Mars game changer via colonization plan". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original
SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)
Advocacy group for Mars exploration
The Mars Society is a nonprofit organization that advocates for human exploration and colonization of Mars. It was founded by Robert Zubrin in 1998 and
Mars_Society
Launch facilities used by SpaceX
23, 2024. Bergin, Chris (September 27, 2016). "SpaceX reveals ITS Mars game changer via colonization plan". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original
SpaceX_facilities
United States Lunar programs
Nokia of America, Northrop Grumman, Redwire Corporation, Sierra Space and SpaceX. For example, aerospace company Northrop Grumman will provide a conceptual
DARPA_lunar_programs
History of a space corporation
2, 2017. Koebler, Jason (March 17, 2015). "SpaceX: No One Laughs Anymore When We Talk About Colonizing Mars". Motherboard. Archived from the original on
History_of_SpaceX
Businessman (born 1971)
an advocate for space colonization, especially the colonization of Mars. He has repeatedly pushed for humanity colonizing Mars, in order to become an
Elon_Musk
SpaceX family of liquid-fuel rocket engines
orbital rocket engines SpaceX Mars program SpaceX rocket engines SpaceX Starship (spacecraft) SpaceX Super Heavy Starship HLS SpaceX Starbase Sierra Engineering
SpaceX_Raptor
Proposed Mars exploration aircraft
Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer or MAGGIE is a proposed compact, autonomous, fixed wing, vertical take-off/landing (VTOL), electric
Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer
the Space Shuttle program. As of 2025, US space policy is aimed at the exploration of the Moon and the subsequent colonization of Mars. United States space
Space policy of the United States
Space_policy_of_the_United_States
Soviet Mars rover launched in 1971
Estimating Vehicle for Mars or Device Evaluation Terrain—Mars) were two Soviet Mars rovers that were launched on the unsuccessful Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions in
PrOP-M
Uncrewed spaceflight program by NASA
Mars Exploration Program (MEP) is a long-term effort to explore the planet Mars, funded and led by NASA. Formed in 1993, MEP has made use of orbital spacecraft
Mars_Exploration_Program
Human space travel for recreation
astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the Boeing Starliner spacecraft for public astronauts
Space_tourism
Rocket engines developed by SpaceX
Since the founding of SpaceX in 2002, the company has developed four families of rocket engines — Merlin, Kestrel, Draco and SuperDraco — and since 2016
SpaceX_rocket_engines
Crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planets
Retrieved 2014-04-19. Bergin, Chris (2016-09-27). "SpaceX reveals ITS Mars game changer via colonization plan". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original
Interplanetary_spaceflight
Type of spacecraft
Vega program also placed two balloons in the Venusian atmosphere in 1985, which were the first aerial tools on other planets. The Soviet Union's Mars 1962B
Lander_(spacecraft)
Architecture of off-planet habitable structures
shipments of food and supplies. NASA's Constellation program does call for landing humans on Mars after a permanent base on the Moon is demonstrated, but
Space_architecture
astronaut candidates as part of 2030 moon landing goal". Space. "SpaceX". www.spacex.com. Retrieved 2026-08-11. "Cosmonaut Selection 2024". spacefacts
List of astronauts by year of selection
List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection
2025 NASA mission to Mars
Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) is a spacecraft mission to Mars consisting of two spacecraft known as Blue and Gold, which launched in November
ESCAPADE
Billionaire space rivalry
sub-orbital spaceflight. Elon Musk (2026 net worth ~$700B)'s SpaceX, which seeks to colonize Mars as well as provide satellite-based internet through its Starlink
Billionaire_space_race
Planned European interplanetary space tug supporting Mars missions
for transporting payloads to Mars and provide communication, navigation, and weather monitoring services from a high Mars orbit. It will use its onboard
LightShip_(spacecraft)
Overview of space exploration in the future
hopes to reduce the overall cost of space travel, and thus space colonization. SpaceX has been a dominant leader in this push for efficient exploration
Future_of_space_exploration
Astronautical use of materials harvested in outer space
water. For Mars, methane propellant can be manufactured via the Sabatier process. SpaceX has suggested building a propellant plant on Mars that would
In_situ_resource_utilization
Garment worn to protect a human in space
Aerospace company SpaceX developed an IVA suit which is worn by astronauts involved in Commercial Crew Program missions operated by SpaceX since the Demo-2
Space_suit
humans, and colonizing Mars. In 2008, after three failed attempts between 2006 and 2008 that almost pushed the company to bankruptcy, SpaceX successfully
History_of_spaceflight
latest project in SpaceX's reusable launch system development program and plan to colonize Mars. There are currently three planned versions of Super Heavy:
List_of_Super_Heavy_boosters
Spaceflight not by a government
7 March 2008. Szondy, David (5 February 2012). "SpaceX Dragon's ultimate mission is Mars colonization". Gizmag. Archived from the original on 1 October
Private_spaceflight
Co-operation between Ukraine and Starlink
"turning off" Starlink coverage in Crimea. In late 2022, SpaceX announced Starshield, a program designed for government customers. The use of Starlink to
Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Historical period started in 1957
Elon Musk, the founder and CEO of SpaceX, has put forward the goal of establishing a colony of one million people on Mars by 2050 and the company is developing
Space_Age
Cancelled crewed circumlunar mission and art project
would serve as technology development for SpaceX's further plans to colonize Mars. At the time of the 2017 announcement, Crew Dragon was still under development
DearMoon_project
Flight into or through outer space
other than Elon Musk and SpaceX. Primarily designed for transporting large payloads to Mars for the purpose of colonization, the next generation Starship
Spaceflight
Vehicles that can go to space and return
companies Lunar Lander Mars Descent Vehicle Mars Ascent Vehicle Reusable spacecraft SpaceX reusable launch system development program Takeoff and landing
Reusable_launch_vehicle
Upcoming crewed mission of the Artemis program
commercial Human Landing System spacecraft being developed by Blue Origin and SpaceX. NASA describes Artemis III as a risk-reduction mission intended to support
Artemis_III
Renewed 21st-century competition in space exploration
2026. "Moon to Mars | NASA's Artemis Program". NASA. Retrieved April 10, 2026. Auslender, Viki (October 1, 2023). "The new space race: Mars, the Moon, and
New_Space_Race
Book series
December 2022, Elon Musk's company SpaceX announced a program also called Starshield that would fund colonization of Mars by building custom military satellites
Starshield_(fiction)
2026 lunar landing mission
The mission includes three spacecraft that will be launched together on a SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle. The Elytra orbital transfer vehicle will
Blue_Ghost_Mission_2
Defunct US government agency
deregulation as the only path to his Mars colonization program. In October, he appeared on Trump's stage with an "Occupy Mars" t-shirt. On September 5, 2024
Department of Government Efficiency
Department_of_Government_Efficiency
Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space
landing of the booster stage of a launch vehicle. After 2010, SpaceX undertook a development program to acquire the ability to bring back and vertically land
Launch_vehicle
Location used to launch and receive spacecraft
companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic. A prominent example is Starbase, a private spaceport operated by SpaceX in Boca Chica, Texas
Spaceport
Technology development overview
Infrared Survey Explorer – NASA satellite of the Explorer program Planetary science orbiters 2001 Mars Odyssey – NASA orbiter for geology and hydrology Akatsuki
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
SpaceX is developing Starship, a fully reusable two-stage system, with near-Earth and cislunar applications and an ultimate goal of landing on Mars.
Human_spaceflight
SpaceX rocket design
ITS launch vehicle was to launch a variety of SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure missions to Mars and other destinations in the beyond-Earth-orbit
ITS_launch_vehicle
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2005–2020) Shane Kimbrough (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2008–2021)
List_of_spaceflight_records
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
or even replacing the Apollo program. One proposal went as far as to using a modified Gemini as part of a crewed Mars expedition. Some of the Advanced
Project_Gemini
Investigation of outer space
Commercial astronauts Artemis program Energy development Exploration of Mars Space tourism Private spaceflight Space colonization Interstellar spaceflight
Space_exploration
Proposed crewed Venus flyby
However, the TMK program was cancelled after the N1 rocket that was needed to loft the mission failed to fly successfully. Colonization of Venus High Altitude
Manned_Venus_flyby
2025 lunar landing mission
lander was launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 15, 2025, using a SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket that also carried the Hakuto-R Mission 2 lander
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
2016 American TV series or program
Trip to Mars?" on YouTube Mars - The Secret Science excerpt "SpaceX Wants to Send You To Mars. Here's How They Plan to Do It" on YouTube Mars - The Secret
Mars:_The_Secret_Science
Future plans to make the Moon available for tourism
lunar tourism include Space Adventures, Excalibur Almaz, Virgin Galactic, SpaceX, and Blue Origin, but nothing has materialized as of 2026. In 2005, the
Tourism_on_the_Moon
Facility from which rockets are launched
including Soyuz, Proton, N1, and Energia. This method is also used by the SpaceX and Electron launch vehicles. Silo launched rockets are assembled inside
Launch_pad
Cancelled lunar orbital space station
expanding human presence to the Moon, Mars, and deeper into the Solar System. In 2019 NASA established a Lunar Gateway Program Office at Johnson Space Center
Lunar_Gateway
Pathfinder Mission 1". nextspaceflight.com. Retrieved 6 July 2026. "SpaceX delays Mars plans to focus on 2027 moon landing, WSJ reports". Reuters. 6 February
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
enabling the colonization of Mars; however, in early 2026, Elon Musk stated that SpaceX was currently focused on the Moon rather than Mars. India plans
2020s_in_spaceflight
Proposed Russian space mission
Mars-Aster was a proposed Russian mission for a Mars rover. It was part of exploration plans outlined by the Space Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Mars-Aster
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
high cost of program reaching over a billion dollars per flight. The Shuttle's human transport role is to be replaced by SpaceX's SpaceX Dragon 2 and
Spacecraft
US nonprofit spaceflight advocacy organization
Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and private sector (e.g., SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, etc.) organizations. The society was established
National_Space_Society
advocate for space colonization, especially the colonization of Mars. As early as 2001, Elon became involved with the nonprofit Mars Society and has repeatedly
Views_of_Elon_Musk
Exploitation of raw materials from asteroids
Mining the asteroid belt from Mars and its moons could help in the Colonization of Mars. Phobos is synchronously orbiting Mars, where the same face stays
Asteroid_mining
Science concerned with life in the universe
began its astrobiology pursuits within the Viking program, which was the first US mission to land on Mars and search for signs of life. This mission, along
Astrobiology
American scientist and academic
speech on college campuses, and the desire to build new programs to train students for Mars colonization. Foundational papers from the 2024 Nature SOMA collection
Eliah_G._Overbey
Chinese lunar communications satellite
satellites designed to support the fourth phase the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, after Queqiao-1 launched in 2018. The China National Space Administration
Queqiao-2
Earliest phase of a flight that reaches space
proposed large-scale space projects such as space colonization, space-based solar power and terraforming Mars. There have been some extraterrestrial sites
Space_launch
Market dynamics in satellite launch industry
to support long-duration spaceflight in the cislunar and Mars mission environments. SpaceX intends this approach to bring significant cost savings that
Space launch market competition
Space_launch_market_competition
reusability. 2008 - SpaceX—with their Falcon 1 rocket—became the first private entity to successfully launch a rocket into orbit. 2012 - The SpaceX Dragon 1—launched
Timeline of rocket and missile technology
Timeline_of_rocket_and_missile_technology
Political considerations of space policy
Should Try to Colonize Venus Instead of Mars". Laughing Squid. Retrieved 1 September 2021. Warmflash, David (14 March 2017). "Colonization of the Venusian
Politics_of_outer_space
Private American aerospace company
module on the ISS. Axiom Space also announced in March 2020 a contract with SpaceX to fly commercial astronauts to the ISS via Falcon 9 and Crew Dragon scheduled
Axiom_Space
Chinese space satellites
Tiandu satellites are a pair of Chinese Lunar Exploration Program's lunar navigation and communications test satellites based on Queqiao-2 relay satellite
Tiandu
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
human lunar lander under contract by NASA for the Artemis HLS program, alongside SpaceX Starship HLS. It is intended to carry up to 4 astronauts to the
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its
Project_Mercury
Spacecraft designed for repeated use and reusability
the Space Shuttle and the Boeing X-37B, and space capsules such as the SpaceX Dragon. The Blue Origin New Shepard is an example of a sub-orbital spacecraft
Reusable_spacecraft
Lunar landing mission by Japanese ispace
9 Block 5 (B1085‑5), Flight 425 Launch site Kennedy, LC-39A Contractor SpaceX Resilience Lunar impact (failed landing) Impact date 5 June 2025 (2025-06-05)
Hakuto-R_Mission_2
Country primarily in North America
Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and SpaceX. NASA programs such as the Commercial Crew Program, Commercial Resupply Services, Commercial Lunar
United_States
Spacecraft without people on board
Hannah (16 September 2014). "NASA Selects SpaceX to be Part of America's Human Spaceflight Program". SpaceX. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019
Uncrewed_spacecraft
NASA uncrewed spaceflight program for the Lunar Gateway space station
crewed expeditions to the Gateway made under the Artemis program. As of March 2023[update], SpaceX was the only company contracted to provide the services
Gateway_Logistics_Services
Planned component of a Mars-mission craft
longer be able to undock from HALO. In February 2021 NASA contracted with SpaceX for launch of the integrated elements by a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
Power_and_Propulsion_Element
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
Exploration Upper Stage. The SpaceX Falcon Heavy was selected as the launch vehicle. However, the Lunar Gateway program was cancelled in March 2026. On
Artemis_II
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