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Computer security attack
A "return-to-libc" attack is a computer security attack usually starting with a buffer overflow in which a subroutine return address on a call stack is
Return-to-libc_attack
Anomaly in computer security and programming
generally protect against return-to-libc attacks, or any other attack that does not rely on the execution of the attackers code. However, on 64-bit systems
Buffer_overflow
Russian computer security specialist (born 1977)
for his publications on exploitation techniques, including the return-to-libc attack and the first generic heap-based buffer overflow exploitation technique
Solar_Designer
State of being protected from memory access bugs
quickly thereafter, escalating with multitudes of new attacks such as the return-to-libc attack and defense techniques such as the non-executable stack
Memory_safety
Type of software bug
computer viruses, causing serious computer security issues (e.g. return-to-libc attack, stack-smashing protection) in widely used programs. In some cases
Memory_corruption
Computer security technique
security attacks by making it more difficult for an attacker to predict target addresses. For example, attackers trying to execute return-to-libc attacks must
Address space layout randomization
Address_space_layout_randomization
Computer security exploit technique
libraries, such as libc, often contain subroutines for performing system calls and other functionality potentially useful to an attacker, they are the most
Return-oriented_programming
Data structure used in computer programs
but similar attacks can succeed even with W^X protection enabled, including the return-to-libc attack or the attacks coming from return-oriented programming
Call_stack
Using existing code in new software
redirect the control flow to code sequences existing in memory. Examples of code-reuse attacks are return-to-libc attack, return-oriented programming, and
Code_reuse
Standard library for the C programming language
The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. Starting
C_standard_library
GNU implementation of the standard C library
last-used version of Linux libc used the internal name (soname) libc.so.5. Following on from this, glibc 2.x on Linux uses the soname libc.so.6[better source needed]
Glibc
Machine instruction code that executes properly regardless of where in memory it resides
during a security attack using exploits that rely on knowing the offset of the executable code in the binary, such as return-to-libc attacks. (The official
Position-independent_code
Instructions directly executable by a computer
programming as alternative to code injection for exploits such as return-to-libc attacks. In some computers, the machine code of the architecture is implemented
Machine_code
often libc is enough as it is the most common library used in return-to-libc attacks. By reading a shared library file such as libc, an attacker with local
Prelink
2003 book by Jon "Smibbs" Erickson
countermeasures such as a non-executable stack and how to evade them with return-to-libc attacks, he does not dive into deeper matters without known guaranteed
Hacking: The Art of Exploitation
Hacking:_The_Art_of_Exploitation
Concept in computer security
(ASLR), which allowed potential return-to-libc attacks that could have been feasibly used to disable DEP during an attack. The PaX documentation elaborates
Executable-space_protection
Differences and similarities between Windows Vista and Windows XP
that makes it considerably more difficult for malicious code to exploit Return-to-libc attacks than on previous versions of Windows, particularly on 64-bit
Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
Comparison_of_Windows_Vista_and_Windows_XP
Security and privacy features of the iOS operating system
of the memory to be marked as non-executable, working alongside ASLR to prevent buffer overflow attacks including return-to-libc attacks. As mentioned
Security_and_privacy_of_iOS
Software anomaly
the way of exploitation. Another attack is the so-called return to libc method for shellcode creation. In this attack the malicious payload will load the
Stack_buffer_overflow
Arbitrary code execution exploit
the return-oriented programming (ROP) technique: an attacker controlling the call stack, for example through a stack buffer overflow, is able to influence
Sigreturn-oriented programming
Sigreturn-oriented_programming
Password-based key derivation function
Track. Monterey, California: The USENIX Association. "CVS log for src/lib/libc/crypt/bcrypt.c". CVS Repository. OpenBSD. 23 March 2014. Revision 1.32 (first
Bcrypt
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
random(4) – OpenBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual deraadt, ed. (2014-07-21). "libc/crypt/arc4random.c". BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/lib/. Retrieved 2015-01-13
/dev/random
Computer function
"pyfasthash in Python". Retrieved 13 January 2012. "C implementation in qLibc by Seungyoung Kim". GitHub. "murmur3 in Go". GitHub. Landman, Davy. "Davy
MurmurHash
Unix-like operating system
executable-space protection. However, attacks which rely on running legitimately executable memory in a malicious way (return-to-libc, return-oriented programming) are
Minix_3
American computer security expert
Microsoft encryption and passwords, July 1997 Root Compromise through Solaris libc_getopt(3), Jan 1997 BSD distributions of modstat allow compromise of DES
Peiter_Zatko
Handling of strings in the C programming language
"root/src/multibyte/c16rtomb.c". Retrieved 31 January 2017. "Contents of /stable/11/lib/libc/locale/c16rtomb.c". Retrieved 31 January 2017. "atof - cppreference.com"
C_string_handling
Function with variable number of arguments
variadic functions in over 120 programming languages. Variable Argument Functions — A tutorial on Variable Argument Functions for C++ GNU libc manual
Variadic_function
Mental phenomenon of holding contradictory beliefs
11820/fd429082-c209-4a46-abb8-097e2fd9d5ac. PMID 27207840. S2CID 13360236. 27207840. "LIBC Blog – Articles – Facing the facts: The cognitive dissonance behind smoking"
Cognitive_dissonance
Overview article
most remote execution attacks by preventing return-to-LIBC buffer overflow attacks. The Portable Executable format has been updated to support embedding of
Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
unprivileged user space to privileged kernel space in ring 0. For this reason, the C standard library (libC) acts as a wrapper to most Linux system calls
Linux_kernel
Operating system for mobile devices
similar to a downgrade attack. Android (all supported versions, as far back as version 4.4 of the Android Open Source Project) has the option to provide
Android_(operating_system)
Security features as used in OpenBSD operating system
Ulrich (August 8, 2000). "Re: PATCH: safe string copy and concatenation". libc[email protected] (Mailing list). Retrieved May 26, 2016. Madhavapeddy
OpenBSD_security_features
addition of Pocket Recommendations to users in the UK, the requirement of GNU libc 2.17, libstdc++ 4.8.1 and GTK+ 3.14 or newer versions on Linux, the disabling
Firefox_version_history
Playing video games on Linux-based operating systems
third-party Linux libraries by developers on Linux kernel subsystem such as musl-libc of C standard library that targets the Linux syscall and POSIX APIs compatibility
Video_games_and_Linux
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
Female
Hebrew
(לִיבָּ×) Variant form of Hebrew Libe, LIBA means "heart." Compare with another form of Liba.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, French, Hebrew, Muslim
Most Beautiful One
Female
Yiddish
(לִיבָּ×) Variant form of Yiddish Libe, LIBA means "love." Compare with another form of Liba.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Place to which one returns
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Female
Egyptian
, another form of Ratta or Ritho.
Girl/Female
Indian
Most beautiful (Hoor in Jannah)
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of the priest Anhur-mes.
Female
Yiddish
(לִיבֶּע) Yiddish form of German liebe, LIBE means "love." Compare with another form of Libe.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Place to which One Returns
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Latin
Form of Lincoln; Lithe; From the Town by the Pool
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
To be Reborn; Greek
Girl/Female
Indian
Return of Love
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Returns Excalibur to the lake.
Female
Hebrew
(לִיבֶּע) Hebrew name derived from the word lev, LIBE means "heart." Compare with another form of Libe.
Boy/Male
Greek
Challenged Odysseus on his return to Ithaca.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Return of Sound
Girl/Female
Tamil
To be reborn greek
Girl/Female
Muslim
Most beautiful (Hoor in Jannah)
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from Catterall in Lancashire, possibly named from Old Norse kattar-hali ‘cat’s tail’, referring to a long, thin piece of land.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful Creeper
Girl/Female
Muslim
A narrator of Hadith
Boy/Male
Muslim
Generous
Male
German
 German and Jewish name, WOLF means "wolf." Compare with another form of Wolf.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The mornings light
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful girl
Girl/Female
Latin
Fortuna's surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from an unidentified place, probably in Lincolnshire. The surname has died out in the British Isles but thrives in the U.S.This name is recorded in Ipswich, MA, in 1678, and the marriage of Mary Elithorp is recorded in Boston, MA, in 1727.
Boy/Male
African
brought by a spirit'.
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
RETURN TO-LIBC-ATTACK
n.
That which is returned.
v. t.
To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an election.
n.
An answer; as, a return to one's question.
v. t.
To turn up; to direct upward; to throw up; as, to upturn the ground in plowing.
v. t.
To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ.
n.
A day in bank. See Return day, below.
n.
The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in tennis.
v. i.
To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice.
v. t.
To repay; as, to return borrowed money.
v. t.
To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie.
v. i.
To return; to recur.
imp. & p. p.
of Return
v. t.
To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks.
n.
The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary.
v. t.
To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club.
n.
To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity.
v. t.
To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed book, or a hired horse.
n.
An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc.
n.
An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.
v. t.
To turn in a reserve way, especially so as to open something; as, to unturn a key.