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Multiprocessing memory architecture
using dual-ported memories. The key issue in programming distributed memory systems is how to distribute the data over the memories. Depending on the
Distributed_memory
Mathematical model of memory
Sparse distributed memory (SDM) is a mathematical model of human long-term memory introduced by Pentti Kanerva in 1988 while he was at NASA Ames Research
Sparse_distributed_memory
Computer memory architecture
In computer science, distributed shared memory (DSM) is a form of memory architecture where physically separated memories can be addressed as a single
Distributed_shared_memory
System with multiple networked computers
Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components
Distributed_computing
System with more than one processor
Heterogeneous multiprocessor system Shared memory multiprocessor system Distributed memory multiprocessor system Uniform memory access (UMA) system cc–NUMA system
Multiprocessor system architecture
Multiprocessor_system_architecture
Abstract data type in computer science
scalability. In the following, shared and distributed memory architectures are considered. In the case of a shared memory model, the graph representations used
Graph_(abstract_data_type)
Parallel version of breadth-first search algorithm
2008 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing. IEEE, 2008. "Distributed-memory breadth-first search on massive graphs." Buluc
Parallel_breadth-first_search
Computer science term
Gigabit Ethernet Distributed shared memory Remote direct memory access (RDMA) Locality of reference Single-system image Distributed cache Oleg Goldshmidt
Memory_virtualization
Computing technique used to achieve parallelism
of either physically shared memory or logically shared (but physically distributed) memory; in addition to the shared memory, the CPUs in the computer system
Single_program,_multiple_data
Computing technique employed to achieve parallelism
either shared memory or distributed memory categories. These classifications are based on how MIMD processors access memory. Shared memory machines may
Multiple instruction, multiple data
Multiple_instruction,_multiple_data
Message-passing system for parallel computers
discussion came a Workshop on Standards for Message Passing in a Distributed Memory Environment, held on April 29–30, 1992 in Williamsburg, Virginia.
Message_Passing_Interface
Sequence in computer science
for platforms working on shared memory as well as algorithms which are well suited for platforms using distributed memory, relying on message passing as
Prefix_sum
Digital workload distribution techniques
common memory on which they read and write in parallel (PRAM model), and those where each computing unit has its own memory (distributed memory model)
Load_balancing_(computing)
Computer memory that can be accessed by multiple processes
shared memory are distributed memory and distributed shared memory, each having a similar set of issues. In computer software, shared memory is either
Shared_memory
Open-source data analytics cluster computing framework
function as a working set for distributed programs that offers a (deliberately) restricted form of distributed shared memory. Inside Apache Spark the workflow
Apache_Spark
Biological theory of intelligence
Convolution Algebra for Compositional Distributed Representations" (PDF). IJCAI. Kanerva, Pentti (1988). Sparse distributed memory. MIT press. ISBN 978-0-262-11132-4
Hierarchical_temporal_memory
Parallel programming model paradigm in computer science
SPMD programming style for distributed memory systems (as employed by MPI) with the data referencing semantics of shared memory systems. In contrast to message
Partitioned global address space
Partitioned_global_address_space
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
sufficient amount of memory bandwidth exists. A distributed computer (also known as a distributed memory multiprocessor) is a distributed memory computer system
Parallel_computing
Classification of computer architectures
while those that feed functional units from special memory buffers are designated as memory-to-memory architectures. Early examples of register-to-register
Duncan's_taxonomy
Classification of computer architectures
multi-core superscalar processors, and distributed systems, using either one shared memory space or a distributed memory space. These four architectures are
Flynn's_taxonomy
Blueprint for intelligent agents
at its core, or decentralized (distributed). Decentralization has become popular under the name of parallel distributed processing in mid-1980s and connectionism
Cognitive_architecture
Computer science concept
{\displaystyle i} . In contrast to the PRAM-algorithm, in the distributed memory model, memory is not shared between processing units and data has to be exchanged
Reduction_operator
Decentralized distributed system with lookup service
A distributed hash table (DHT) is a distributed system that provides a lookup service similar to a hash table. Key–value pairs are stored in a DHT, and
Distributed_hash_table
Scientific visualization software
ParaView is an application designed for data parallelism on shared-memory or distributed-memory multicomputers and clusters. It can also be run as a single-computer
ParaView
genetic memory refers to an artificial neural network combination of genetic algorithm and the mathematical model of sparse distributed memory. It can
Genetic memory (computer science)
Genetic_memory_(computer_science)
Database project devoted to the ranking of computers
of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers. The most recent edition of TOP500 was published in June
TOP500
Supercomputing Center in 1996. Like the previous Cray T3D, it was a fully distributed memory machine using a 3D torus topology interconnection network. The T3E
Cray_T3E
interconnects. They are often classified as one of the three main types of distributed memory programming, the other two being data parallel and message passing
Active_message
Type of computer memory
Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of computer memory used in certain very-high-speed searching applications. It is also known as associative memory or
Content-addressable_memory
Open source distributed memory caching system
being for daemon], or /ˈmɛmkæʃt/ MEM-cashed) is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven
Memcached
American neuroscientist
the originator of the sparse distributed memory model. He is responsible for relating the properties of long-term memory to mathematical properties of
Pentti_Kanerva
Routines for performing common linear algebra operations
implementation. Elemental Elemental is an open source software for distributed-memory dense and sparse-direct linear algebra and optimization. HASEM is
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
Programming paradigm
enable uniform efficiency when porting applications between distributed memory and shared memory parallel computers [citation needed]. The first such derived
Process-oriented_programming
Early form of read-only memory
Core rope memory is a form of read-only memory (ROM) for computers. It was used in the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) and the UNIVAC II, developed
Core_rope_memory
Algorithm to multiply matrices
the amount of data transferred between RAM and cache, while on a distributed memory multi-node machine it is the amount transferred between nodes; in
Matrix multiplication algorithm
Matrix_multiplication_algorithm
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
categorically-organized fashion." Memory semantics Sparse distributed memory Semantic similarity McRae, Ken; Jones, Michael (2013). "Semantic Memory". In Reisberg, Daniel
Semantic_memory
Hypothetical consciousness in artificial systems
perceptual memory, transient episodic memory, and procedural memory. Transient episodic and declarative memories have distributed representations in IDA; there
Artificial_consciousness
Psychologic theory
memory. So the intelligence is distributed, both between people, and a person and an object. Another well-researched site for analyzing distributed cognition
Distributed_cognition
Software library for numerical linear algebra
well-tuned BLAS implementation. LAPACK has also been extended to run on distributed memory systems in later packages such as ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK. Netlib LAPACK
LAPACK
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
highly distributed representation and “shallow” encoding leads to a sparse representation. Thinking about meaning creates a richer, more connected memory, while
Memory
Artificial model of cognition
several modules, including variants of the Copycat Architecture, sparse distributed memory, the schema mechanism, the Behavior Net, and the subsumption architecture
LIDA_(cognitive_architecture)
Learning strategy
Hermann Ebbinghaus first observed the effect of distributed learning, and published his findings in Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Using
Distributed_practice
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
programmable devices can be distributed as plug-in cartridges containing ROM. Strictly speaking, read-only memory refers to hard-wired memory, such as diode matrix
Read-only_memory
Second stage of the memory process
both short-and long-term memory storage, but others do not. The multi-trace distributed memory model suggests that the memories that are being encoded are
Storage_(memory)
Distributed tree search (DTS) algorithm is a class of algorithms for searching values in an efficient and distributed manner. Their purpose is to iterate
Distributed_tree_search
Type of operation in parallel computing
\dots ,n_{p-1})} . A distributed memory model is assumed. The concepts are similar for the shared memory model. However, shared memory systems can provide
Collective_operation
Information storage system
Sparse distributed memory – Mathematical model of memory Khan, J. I. (1998). "Characteristics of multidimensional holographic associative memory in retrieval
Holographic associative memory
Holographic_associative_memory
Problem easily dividable into parallel tasks
parallel problems include: Monte Carlo method Distributed relational database queries using distributed set processing. Numerical integration Bulk processing
Embarrassingly_parallel
Indian series of supercomputers
practice had a sustained performance of 100-200MFLOPS. PARAM 8000 was a distributed memory MIMD architecture with a reconfigurable interconnection network. The
PARAM
Form of computer data storage
Random-access memory (RAM; /ræm/) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data
Random-access_memory
Open standard for parallelizing
run OpenMP on software distributed shared memory systems, to translate OpenMP into MPI and to extend OpenMP for non-shared memory systems. OpenMP is an
OpenMP
Node ordering for directed acyclic graphs
topological ordering. An algorithm for parallel topological sorting on distributed memory machines parallelizes the algorithm of Kahn for a DAG G = ( V , E
Topological_sorting
Distributed computing architecture
A shared-memory architecture (SM) is a distributed computing architecture in which the nodes share the same memory as well as the same storage. It contrasts
Shared-memory_architecture
parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared-memory programming on distributed-memory computers for multidimensional arrays. The GA library is
Global_Arrays
applications, and mobile computing. Parallel and distributed architectures, including shared memory, distributed memory (including petascale system designs, and
International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
International_Parallel_and_Distributed_Processing_Symposium
Distributed data processing framework
software utilities for reliable, scalable, distributed computing. It provides a software framework for distributed storage and processing of big data using
Apache_Hadoop
Type of computer cache
In computing, a distributed cache is an extension of the traditional concept of cache used in a single locale. A distributed cache may span multiple servers
Distributed_cache
Extension of the C programming language
with a common global address space (SMP and NUMA) and those with distributed memory (e.g. clusters). The programmer is presented with a single partitioned
Unified_Parallel_C
Database whose data is stored in different physical locations
on other organisation networks. Because distributed databases store data across multiple computers, distributed databases may improve performance at end-user
Distributed_database
Free open-source software
portable implementation of MPI, a standard for message-passing for distributed-memory applications used in parallel computing. MPICH is Free and open source
MPICH
Component that stores information
located in computer memory. The terms memory, main memory, and primary storage are also used for computer memory. Computer memory is often referred to
Computer_memory
Topics referred to by the same term
mathematical model of sparse distributed memory This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Genetic memory. If an internal link incorrectly
Genetic_memory
OLAP database developed by Kinetica DB, Inc
Kinetica is a distributed, memory-first OLAP database developed by Kinetica DB, Inc. Kinetica is designed to use GPUs and modern vector processors to
Kinetica_(software)
products as is necessary for the other nonstationary methods. For some distributed-memory architectures these inner products are a bottleneck with respect to
Chebyshev_iteration
memory” library) is a family of parallel programming libraries, providing one-sided, RDMA, parallel-processing interfaces for low-latency distributed-memory
SHMEM
C++ library providing parallelism support
parallelism support for writing applications for systems with shared or distributed memory. It was developed by Lawrence Rauchwerger, Nancy M. Amato, Bjarne
Stapl
False assumptions programmers make who are new to distributed computing
original "Fallacies of Distributed Computing" by introducing three additional fallacies to address contemporary challenges in distributed systems: Versioning
Fallacies of distributed computing
Fallacies_of_distributed_computing
providing a virtual memory abstraction on top of a distributed memory machine. A DDM appears to the user as a conventional shared memory machine but is implemented
Data_diffusion_machine
solution of large sparse systems of linear algebraic equations on distributed memory parallel computers. It was developed in European project PARASOL (1996–1999)
MUMPS_(software)
Operating system designed to operate on multiple systems over a network computer
communications sub-system is of foremost importance for a distributed OS. In a distributed OS, the kernel often supports a minimal set of functions, including
Distributed_operating_system
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
stored information. In this theory, a piece of a long-term memory is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of the dendritic network
Holonomic_brain_theory
Clustering methods
LOBPCG can efficiently run in parallel, e.g., on multiple GPUs with distributed memory, resulting not only in high quality clusters, which spectral clustering
Spectral_clustering
Rules that guarantee predictable computer memory operation
predictable. Consistency models are used in distributed systems like distributed shared memory systems or distributed data stores (such as filesystems, databases
Consistency_model
Model for designing parallel algorithms
Valiant and Bill McColl of Oxford University worked on ideas for a distributed memory BSP programming model, in Princeton and at Harvard. Between 1992 and
Bulk_synchronous_parallel
Neuroscientific theory
1016/S0896-6273(00)81025-9. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 10624941. Allport, D.A. (1985). "Distributed memory, modular systems and dysphasia". In Newman, S.K.; Epstein R. (eds
Hebbian_theory
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
the world's fastest machine in 2011 was the K computer which has a distributed memory, cluster architecture. Greg Pfister has stated that clusters were
Computer_cluster
Computer software
general-purpose distributed memory caching system often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in memory. It was developed
MemcacheDB
Design of high-performance computers
distribution of memory and processing. In the distributed memory approach, each processor is physically packaged close with some local memory. The memory associated
Supercomputer_architecture
Weather forecasting and data assimilation system
limited-area (open-boundary) version is scheduled to follow. The distributed memory version of GEM is almost completed,[when?] it is a major recoding
Global Environmental Multiscale Model
Global_Environmental_Multiscale_Model
Series of supercomputers by IBM
RS/6000 was succeeded by eServer pSeries in October 2000. The SP is a distributed memory system, consisting of multiple RS/6000-based nodes interconnected
IBM_RS/6000_SP
Overview of and topical guide to computers
Declarative memory Delay line memory Deterministic memory Direct memory access Distributed memory Distributed shared memory Drum memory Dynamic memory allocation
Outline_of_computers
Method by which information is represented in the brain
Theoretical work on sparse distributed memory has suggested that sparse coding increases the capacity of associative memory by reducing overlap between
Neural_coding
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash
Flash_memory
LAPACK) library includes a subset of LAPACK routines redesigned for distributed memory MIMD parallel computers. It is currently written in a Single-Program-Multiple-Data
ScaLAPACK
Subprograms (PBLAS) is an implementation of Level 2 and 3 BLAS intended for distributed memory architectures. It provides a computational backbone for ScaLAPACK
PBLAS
Supercomputer in Kobe, Japan
campus in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The K computer was based on a distributed memory architecture with over 80,000 compute nodes. It was used for a variety
K_computer
Distributed memory massively parallel MIMD supercomputer
The Cray XT3, also known by codename Red Storm, is a distributed memory massively parallel MIMD supercomputer designed by Cray Inc.. Cray collaborated
Cray_XT3
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
original on 17 September 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025. "What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory" "Caching in the Distributed Environment"
Cache_(computing)
US based child abduction emergency alert system
alert) or a child abduction emergency (SAME code: CAE) is a message distributed by a child abduction alert system to ask the public for help in finding
Amber_alert
Operating system
computing and or virtualization environment,as it's Cloud RAM or Distributed Memory goes on about ( 10 G M / s {\displaystyle 10GM/s} ) Resource Virtualization:
Cloud_(operating_system)
Number of bits that differ between two strings
Mahalanobis distance Mannheim distance Sørensen similarity index Sparse distributed memory Word ladder Waggener, Bill (1995). Pulse Code Modulation Techniques
Hamming_distance
Model of consciousness
their information to be distributed and coordinated throughout the whole cognitive system. GWT resembles the concept of working memory and is proposed to correspond
Global_workspace_theory
Computer physics engine
scenarios. Parts of the code run on the GPU, multi-core CPUs, and distributed memory architectures via MPI. It is used at tens of universities, in industry
Project_Chrono
Supercomputer made starting in 2003
and CMOS design of the SV1, the highly scalable distributed memory design of the T3E, and the high memory bandwidth and liquid cooling of the T90. The X1
Cray_X1
Models used to produce word embeddings
are allegories to the architectures used in word2vec. The first, Distributed Memory Model of Paragraph Vectors (PV-DM), is identical to CBOW other than
Word2vec
The LogP machine consists of arbitrarily many processing units with distributed memory. The processing units are connected through an abstract communication
LogP_machine
Microcontroller family
combined with safety technology such as internal communication buses or distributed memory protection systems. Hardware level encapsulation techniques allow
Infineon_AURIX
Operating system
significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed Memory DBMSs. The extensions include the concepts of virtual processor and
Unix/NS
General-purpose programming language
had been distributed. FORTRAN was provided for the IBM 1401 computer by an innovative 63-phase compiler that ran entirely in its core memory of only 8000
Fortran
Computer program for the Boolean satisfiability problem
benchmarks were run on a shared-memory system with 24 processing cores, therefore solvers intended for distributed memory or manycore processors might have
SAT_solver
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, German, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi
Divider; One who Divides; Distributor
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful woman, Distributor, Divider
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hetarth | ஹேதாரà¯à®¤Â
Distribute Love, Well wisher
Hetarth | ஹேதாரà¯à®¤Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who Distributes
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Thomas. Thompson is widely distributed throughout Britain, but is most common in northern England and northern Ireland.Americanized form of Thomsen.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hitarth | ஹிதாரà¯à®¤Â
Distribute Love, Well wisher
Hitarth | ஹிதாரà¯à®¤Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Distribute Love, Well wisher
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful woman, Distributor, Divider
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful woman, Distributor, Divider
Boy/Male
Muslim
Distributor, Divider
Biblical
Jahziel, God hasteth, or divideth;God apportions or distributes;
Boy/Male
Muslim
Distributor, Divider
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Distribute Love
Boy/Male
Hindu
Distribute Love, Well wisher
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Divider distributor
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Distribute the Knowledge
Boy/Male
Indian
Distributor, Divider
Girl/Female
Arabic
Distributor
Boy/Male
Indian
Distributor, Divider
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful woman, Distributor, Divider
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Latin, Malayalam, Marathi, Polish, Sindhi, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu
Tower; Dark; Name of a River; Honey; Raspberry; Woman from Magdala; From the High Tower
Boy/Male
Indian
One who confronts, Powerful ruler
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
With Grey Horses
Boy/Male
British, English
Blend of Jar and Darell
Boy/Male
Tamil
Wind
Girl/Female
Tamil
Rich or from hadria, Gem, Goddess Lakshmi, Graceful, Singer
Girl/Female
Hindu
Veneration, Worship
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, French, German, Muslim, Turkish
Big; Opener; Conqueror
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, Irish
Little Bright Headed One
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Hebrew, Japanese
Palm Tree; Date Palm; Spice; People
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
DISTRIBUTED MEMORY
v. i.
To make distribution.
a.
Parted; disunited; distributed.
a.
Tending to distribute or be distributed; that distributes; distributive.
n.
That which is distributed.
v. i.
To divide; to distribute.
v. t.
To employ (a term) in its whole extent; to take as universal in one premise.
imp. & p. p.
of Distribute
v. t.
To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice.
v. t.
To spread (ink) evenly, as upon a roller or a table.
n.
A distributer.
v. t.
To distribute again.
v. t.
To distribute wrongly.
v. t.
To distribute; to communicate.
a.
That distributes; dealing out.
v. t.
To distribute by lot.
a.
Capable of being distributed.
v. t.
To separate (type which has been used) and return it to the proper boxes in the cases.
n.
A distributer; a dispenser.
n.
One who, or that which, distributes or deals out anything; a dispenser.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Distribute