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Group of proteins
Cyclins are proteins that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Cyclins were originally
Cyclin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 also known as CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_1
Class of enzymes
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a group of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. These enzymes function as
Cyclin-dependent_kinase
Human protein
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), also known as cell division protein kinase 4, is an enzyme that is encoded by the CDK4 gene in humans. CDK4 is a member
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_4
Events leading to cell division
levels of cyclin D increase. In response to this trigger, cyclin D binds to existing CDK4/6, forming the active cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. Cyclin D-CDK4/6
Cell_cycle
Multi-protein structure
The Cyclin D/Cdk4 complex is a multi-protein structure consisting of the proteins Cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, or Cdk4, a serine-threonine
Cyclin_D/Cdk4
Protein family
Cyclin A is a member of the cyclin family, a group of proteins that function in regulating progression through the cell cycle. The stages that a cell passes
Cyclin_A
Protein found in humans
Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the
Cyclin_D1
Member of the cyclin protein family
Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during
Cyclin_D
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNY gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108100 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release
Cyclin-Y
of a protein kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), with a regulatory subunit, cyclin. Once cyclin-dependent kinases bind to cyclin, the formed complex
Cyclin-dependent kinase complex
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_complex
The Cyclin E/Cdk2 complex is a structure composed of two proteins, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Similar to other cyclin/Cdk complexes
Cyclin_E/Cdk2
Protein which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein that inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_protein
Protein found in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. The protein
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_2
Member of the cyclin family
Cyclin E is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin E binds to G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle
Cyclin_E
Control mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
largely determined by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by regulatory protein subunits called cyclins, different forms of which are produced at
Cell_cycle_checkpoint
Protein found in humans
encoded by the CDK6 gene. It is regulated by cyclins, more specifically by cyclin D proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. The protein
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNK gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transcription cyclin family. These
Cyclin_K
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNB1 gene. Cyclin B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene
Cyclin_B1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, or cell division protein kinase 7, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_7
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA2 gene. It is one of the two types of cyclin A: cyclin A1 is expressed during meiosis and embryogenesis
Cyclin_A2
Third subphase of interphase
threshold level of active cyclin-B1/CDK1 complex, also known as cyclin-B1/Cdc2 or the maturation promoting factor (MPF). Active cyclin-B1/CDK1 triggers irreversible
G2_phase
British biochemist
studying fertilized sea urchin eggs in the early 1980s, Hunt discovered cyclin, a protein that cyclically aggregates and is depleted during cell division
Tim_Hunt
Protein family
Cyclin B is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin B is a mitotic cyclin. The amount of cyclin B (which binds to Cdk1) and the activity of the cyclin B-Cdk
Cyclin_B
Cell cycle protein
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 is a protein encoded by the CCNB3 gene located on the X chromosome in humans. Cyclin B3 has features of both A type cyclins and B type
Cyclin_B3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNE1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family
Cyclin_E1
Biological process
controlled by cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinases. The progression of interphase is the result of the increased amount of cyclin. As the amount of cyclin increases
Cell_division
Protein
(alternatively p21Waf1), also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1, is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that
P21
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 or CDK9 is a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with P-TEFb. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_9
Protein-coding gene in humans
whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors. The 8 species of cyclins reported in mammals, cyclins A through H, share a conserved amino
CCNG2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-H is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNH gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose
Cyclin_H
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNT1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose
Cyclin_T1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family
Cyclin_D3
properly completed before progression to the next phase. For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
Biochemical_switches_in_the_cell_cycle
proteins bind a wide range of G1/S and S-phase cyclin-CDK complexes including cyclin D-CDK4,6 and cyclin E-, A-CDK2 complexes. Traditionally it was assumed
CIP/KIP
Protein-coding gene in humans
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNF gene. This gene encodes a member of the cyclin family. Cyclins are important
CCNF
Protein-coding gene in humans
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family
Cyclin_D2
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin M2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CNNM2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ancient conserved domain containing protein family
CNNM2
Animal cell cycle checkpoint
feature of the restriction point is the activation of G1/S- and S-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn phosphorylate proteins that initiate DNA replication
Restriction_point
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNB2 gene. Cyclin B2 is a member of the cyclin family, specifically the B-type cyclins. The
Cyclin_B2
Protein-coding gene in humans
family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor proteins. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes
CDKN1B
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5R2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific
CDK5R2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) is a serine/threonine kinase that in humans is encoded by the GAK gene. In all eukaryotes, the cell cycle is governed
GAK_(protein)
Chemical compound
Dinaciclib (SCH-727965) is an experimental drug that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It is being evaluated in clinical trials for various cancer
Dinaciclib
Protein
Cyclin E2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNE2 gene. It is a G1 cyclin that binds Cdk2 and is inhibited by p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). It
Cyclin_E2
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNC gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin family of proteins. The encoded
Cyclin-C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNT2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose
Cyclin_T2
Protein-coding gene in humans
of this gene have been reported. CDC2L1 has been shown to interact with Cyclin D3. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000248333 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
CDC2L1
Introduction: S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) is varying Cdk/cyclin complexes in eukaryotes that initiates the S-phase in the cell cycle. SPF is at its peak
S-phase-promoting_factor
Stage in cell cycle
transformation and disease states such as cancer. During this transition, G1 cyclin D-Cdk4/6 dimer phosphorylates retinoblastoma releasing transcription factor
G1/S_transition
Enzyme catalyzing transfer of phosphate groups onto specific substrates
but CDKs must first bind to a cyclin protein in order to be active. Different combinations of specific CDKs and cyclins mark different parts of the cell
Kinase
are cyclin proteins expressed in the G1-phase of the cell cycle of budding yeast. Like other cyclins, they function by binding and activating cyclin-dependent
G1 and G1/S cyclins- budding yeast
G1_and_G1/S_cyclins-_budding_yeast
Protein family
biology, the cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit family is a family of proteins consisting of the regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent protein
Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit family
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_regulatory_subunit_family
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Inhibitor of CDK, cyclin A1 interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INCA1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196388
Inhibitor of CDK, cyclin A1 interacting protein 1
Inhibitor_of_CDK,_cyclin_A1_interacting_protein_1
Quiescent stage of the cell cycle in which the cell does not divide
involves downregulation of cell cycle progression genes, such as cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cyclin E2, and survivin, and upregulation of genes involved in the regulation
G0_phase
Biological factor
also called mitosis-promoting factor or M-Phase-promoting factor) is the cyclin–Cdk complex that was discovered first in frog eggs. It stimulates the mitotic
Maturation_promoting_factor
B-type, S-phase cyclins in yeast that assist in cell cycle regulation. Clb5 and Clb6 bind and activate Cdk1, and high levels of these cyclins are required
Clb_5,6_(Cdk1)
Protein
G1/S-specific cyclin Cln3 is a protein that is encoded by the CLN3 gene. The Cln3 protein is a budding yeast G1 cyclin that controls the timing of Start
Cln3
Mammalian protein found in humans
p16 (also known as p16INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that
P16
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDKN2C gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4
CDKN2C
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-G1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNG1 gene. The eukaryotic cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) whose
CCNG1
CDK-activating kinase (CAK) activates the cyclin-CDK complex by phosphorylating threonine residue 160 in the CDK activation loop. CAK itself is a member
CDK-activating_kinase
Type of blood cancer
surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL cells generally over-express cyclin D1 due to the t(11:14) translocation, a chromosomal translocation in the
Mantle_cell_lymphoma
Replication of the nuclear genome without mitosis
(G1-S-G2-M) in which mitosis is circumvented entirely, due to modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. Examples of endoreduplication characterised
Endoreduplication
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose
Cyclin_A1
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5R1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene (p35) is a neuron-specific
CDK5R1
Protein-coding gene in humans
CDKN2A, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, is a gene which in humans is located at chromosome 9, band p21.3. It is ubiquitously expressed
CDKN2A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2), also known as CDKN1C, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CDKN1C imprinted gene. Cyclin-dependent
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_inhibitor_1C
Cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms
specific cyclin-CDK complexes. CyclinB-CDK1 activity is specific to the G2/M checkpoint. Accumulation of cyclin B increases the activity of the cyclin dependent
G2-M_DNA_damage_checkpoint
inhibitor of Cdk1-Clb (B-type cyclins) complexes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because B-type cyclin-Cdk1 complexes are the drivers
Sic1
Protein found in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. It was discovered 15 years ago,[when?] and it
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_5
Medical condition
in the gene CDKL5. This gene provides instructions for making a protein (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) that is essential for normal brain development
CDKL5_deficiency_disorder
Protein complex regulating transcription in eukaryotes
Drosophila cells. It is a cyclin dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T in Drosophila. In humans
P-TEFb
Small bright red dome-shaped bump on the skin
MEK1 and cyclin E1. By inhibiting mir-424 in normal endothelial cells they could observe the same increased protein expression of MEK1 and cyclin E1 which
Cherry_angioma
British oncologist (born 1961)
University of Cambridge where he was awarded a PhD in 1987 for research on cyclin in sea urchin eggs supervised by Tim Hunt. Following his PhD, Pines was
Jonathon_Pines
regulated by cyclins binding their respective cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) which then activate the kinases (Fisher, 2012). During G1, cyclin D is synthesized
Neuronal_cell_cycle
Chemical compound
brand name Ztalmy, is a medication used to treat seizures in people with cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder. Ganaxolone is a neuroactive
Ganaxolone
Protein kinase gene
CDK12 cyclin-dependent kinase 12 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the CDK12 gene. This enzyme is a member of cyclin-dependent kinase protein
CDK12
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the HEXIM1 gene. HEXIM1 has been shown to interact with Cyclin T1 and Cdk9 at 7SK RNA. HEXIM2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186834
HEXIM1
Any chemical that inhibits the function of CDKs
A CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor is any chemical that inhibits the function of CDKs. They are used to treat cancers by preventing overproliferation
CDK_inhibitor
usually negative. Cyclin D1 and CK5/6 staining could be used in concert to distinguish between the diagnosis of papilloma (Cyclin D1 < 4.20%, CK 5/6
Cytokeratin_5/6_antibodies
First subphase of interphase
of S phase cyclin genes; anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated, which targets and degrades S and M cyclins (but not G1/S cyclins); and a high
G1_phase
relationships between cyclin and MPF in interphase-arrested frog egg extracts. The first was Solomon's 1990 Cell paper, titled "Cyclin activation of p34cdc2"
Novak–Tyson_model
Artificial stopping of the cell cycle
to the cyclin mRNA and prevent the mRNA from being translated into cyclin protein. This can actually be used to destroy phase-specific cyclins beyond
Induced_cell_cycle_arrest
Unspecialized biological cell that can become specialized
The cell cycle is regulated by complex network of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (Cdkn), pocket proteins
Stem_cell
Third stage of mitosis and meiosis
between two people of equal strength, ending with the destruction of B cyclin. In order to prevent deleterious nondisjunction events, a key cell cycle
Metaphase
checkpoints. Many factors including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), ubiquitin ligases, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, and reversible
Mitotic_exit
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNO gene. Cyclin O has been shown to interact with RPA2 and PCNA. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042417
Cyclin_O
Cell signaling pathway
transcriptional activity, preventing expression of S-phase entry genes including Cyclin E, Cyclin A2 and Emi1. ERK1/2 activation downstream of mitogen induced Ras signaling
MAPK/ERK_pathway
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B also known as multiple tumor suppressor 2 (MTS-2) or p15INK4b is a protein that is encoded by the CDKN2B gene in
CDKN2B
Medical condition
on chromosome Xq28. This gene encodes Cyclin M, a Cyclin-dependent kinase 10 (CDK10) binding partner. The Cyclin M/CDK10 interactions regulate the division
STAR_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-L1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNL1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163660 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release
CCNL1
Type of protein
substrates of SCF complexes include: cyclin family proteins: Cyclin D, Cyclin E transcriptional regulators: Myc, E2f1, p130 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
SCF_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKS1B gene. The CKS1B protein binds to the catalytic subunit
CKS1B
Medical condition
of cancer. Cyclin D1 is a protein requisite for cell cycle progression and has been shown to be up-regulated in epithelioid sarcoma. Cyclin D1 is a regulator
Epithelioid_sarcoma
Spanish molecular biochemist (born 1949)
a receptor for neutotrophin-3." (1991). "Genetic analysis of mammalian cyclin-dependent kinases and their inhibitors." (2000). "Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR4)
Mariano_Barbacid
Cell-cycle regulatory complex
The APC/C also targets the mitotic cyclins for degradation, resulting in the inactivation of M-CDK (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase) complexes, promoting
Anaphase-promoting_complex
Fourth stage of mitosis and meiosis
B cyclin. B cyclin is marked with ubiquitin which flags it for destruction by proteasomes, which is required for the function of metaphase cyclin-dependent
Anaphase
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cyclin-D1-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNDBP1 gene. This gene was identified by the interaction of its gene product
CCNDBP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CKS2 gene. CKS2 protein binds to the catalytic subunit of the
CKS2
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