Search references for REASONING SYSTEM. Phrases containing REASONING SYSTEM
See searches and references containing REASONING SYSTEM!REASONING SYSTEM
Type of software system
In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as
Reasoning_system
Decision-making framework for artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence, a procedural reasoning system (PRS) is a framework for constructing real-time reasoning systems that can perform complex tasks in
Procedural_reasoning_system
Subfield of computer science and logic
representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning. The study of automated
Automated_reasoning
Computer program that uses a knowledge base and reasoning to solve problems
to represent knowledge explicitly, called a knowledge base, and a reasoning system that allows them to derive new knowledge, known as an inference engine
Knowledge-based_systems
Form of reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that
Deductive_reasoning
Applications of logic under uncertainty
Probabilistic logic (also probability logic and probabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations.
Probabilistic_logic
Computer system emulating human expert
human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather
Expert_system
Field of artificial intelligence
formally represent it as knowledge in knowledge-based systems whereas knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR, KR&R, or KR²) also aims to understand, reason
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
A reasoning model, also known as a reasoning language model (RLM) or large reasoning model (LRM), is a type of large language model (LLM) that has been
Reasoning_model
Reasoning by means of visual representations
Diagrammatic reasoning is reasoning by means of visual representations. The study of diagrammatic reasoning is about the understanding of concepts and
Diagrammatic_reasoning
Process of drawing correct inferences
Logical reasoning is a form of thinking or information processing that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences
Logical_reasoning
Methods in artificial intelligence research
semantic web, and the strengths and limitations of formal knowledge and reasoning systems. Symbolic AI was the dominant paradigm of AI research from the mid-1950s
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Suitable logical inference strategy within artificial intelligence
opportunistic reasoning, pieces of knowledge may be applied either forward or backward, at the "most opportune time". An opportunistic reasoning system may combine
Opportunistic_reasoning
Inference method used in AI expert systems
In artificial intelligence, model-based reasoning refers to an inference method used in expert systems based on a model of the physical world. With this
Model-based_reasoning
Overview of and topical guide to thought
Prediction Procedural reasoning system Pseudoscience Pseudoskepticism Psychological projection Psychology of reasoning Qualitative Reasoning Group Rationality
Outline_of_thought
In artificial intelligence, the distributed multi-agent reasoning system (dMARS) was a platform for intelligent software agents developed at the AAII that
Distributed multi-agent reasoning system
Distributed_multi-agent_reasoning_system
Branch of artificial intelligence aiming to create AI systems with "common sense"
In artificial intelligence (AI), commonsense reasoning is a human-like ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations
Commonsense_reasoning
Capacity for consciously making sense of things
as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper)
Reason
Inference engine in an expert system
Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated
Forward_chaining
Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems
Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. In everyday life
Case-based_reasoning
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
in the subject of abduction. Diagnostic expert systems frequently employ abduction. Deductive reasoning allows deriving b {\displaystyle b} from a {\displaystyle
Abductive_reasoning
Software able to infer logical consequences
also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including non-axiomatic reasoning systems, and probabilistic logic networks. Notable semantic reasoners and
Semantic_reasoner
Ability to look at information and discern patterns
Analytical reasoning, also known as analytical thinking, refers to the ability to look at information, be it qualitative or quantitative in nature, and
Analytic_reasoning
Method of logical reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but
Inductive_reasoning
Hypothetical agent surpassing human intelligence
advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will probably result in general reasoning systems that lack human cognitive limitations. Others believe that humans
Superintelligence
Method of forming inferences
commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining. Backward chaining systems usually employ a depth-first
Backward_chaining
Reasoning that is rationally compelling, though not deductively valid
In philosophy of logic, defeasible reasoning is a kind of provisional reasoning that is rationally compelling, though not deductively valid. It usually
Defeasible_reasoning
Type of artificial intelligence approach
their behavior. Artificial intelligence systems integration Autonomous decentralized systems Opportunistic reasoning Pandemonium architecture Tuple spaces
Blackboard_system
Psychological theory of how thought can arise in two different ways
determine reasoning rather than an underlying mechanical structure. The other reasoning process in Sloman's opinion was of the Rule-based system. The system functioned
Dual_process_theory
Argumentation scheme
Protzen, Jean-Pierre (1997). "Managing information with fuzzy reasoning system in design reasoning and issue-based argumentation" (PDF). In Junge, Richard (ed
Issue-based information system
Issue-based_information_system
Japanese video game developer, director and writer
this, one being a "joint reasoning" system in which the player would correct the deductions of a detective, and a court system in which the player, as
Shu_Takumi
Ontology language
Flora-2 system introduced a number of changes to the syntax of F-logic, making it more suitable for a knowledge representation and reasoning system as opposed
F-logic
Java framework for system development
the Procedural Reasoning System (PRS) and Distributed Multi-Agent Reasoning System (dMARS). JACK is one of the few multi-agent systems that uses the BDI
JACK_Intelligent_Agents
Information repository with multiple applications
sub-systems of an expert system. A knowledge-based system consists of a knowledge-base representing facts about the world and ways of reasoning about
Knowledge_base
Health information technology
diagnosis. Another example of a CDSS would be a case-based reasoning (CBR) system. A CBR system might use previous case data to help determine the appropriate
Clinical decision support system
Clinical_decision_support_system
Study of how people reason
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process
Psychology_of_reasoning
Prognostic Reasoning No. 7 for TS 2604 Sinlaku (2604) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. April 10, 2026. Retrieved April 10, 2026. Prognostic Reasoning No
2026_Pacific_typhoon_season
Model for designing artificial intelligence
principle, LORA allows reasoning not only about individual agents, but also about communication and other interaction in a multi-agent system. The BDI software
Belief–desire–intention software model
Belief–desire–intention_software_model
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
feedback systems: Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system influences the second and second system influences
Feedback
Knowledge representation computer programming language
various generic reasoning algorithms. Reasoning engines that use FO(.) include IDP-Z3, IDP and FOLASP. As an example, the IDP system allows generating
FO(.)
Method of deriving conclusions
errors. Logicians construct formal systems to precisely capture and codify valid patterns of reasoning, with distinct systems using different rules of inference
Rule_of_inference
Logic programming using abductive reasoning
that can be used to solve problems declaratively, based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some predicates to be
Abductive_logic_programming
Statement supporting a conclusion
reasoning where each premise is essential for the conclusion. Axioms are initial assumptions used as first premises in reasoning. In logical systems,
Premise
Artificial intelligence project
Effective Use of Cyc in a Question Answering System". In: Papers from the IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions. Edinburgh, Scotland:
Cyc
Interactive theorem prover software
Deduction Systems and Groups Theorem Proving and Automated Reasoning Systems Database of Existing Mechanized Reasoning Systems NuPRL: Other Systems "Specific
Proof_assistant
Cognitive process
Emotional reasoning is a cognitive process by which an individual concludes that their emotional reaction proves something is true, despite contrary empirical
Emotional_reasoning
Component of artificial intelligence systems
intelligent system that applies logical rules to the knowledge base to deduce new information. The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The
Inference_engine
Law created by judicial precedent
common law system today. These common law systems are legal systems that give great weight to judicial precedent, and to the style of reasoning inherited
Common_law
Study in psychology that overlaps with moral philosophy
Moral reasoning is the study of how people think about right and wrong and how they acquire and apply moral rules. It is a subdiscipline of moral psychology
Moral_reasoning
Area of research in Artificial Intelligence
reasoning research is to develop representation and reasoning methods that enable computer programs to reason about the behavior of physical systems,
Qualitative_reasoning
consistency of a set of KIF statements. KIF also supports non-monotonic reasoning. KIF was created by Michael Genesereth, Richard Fikes and others participating
Knowledge_Interchange_Format
Area of artificial intelligence
representing and reasoning spatial-temporal knowledge in mind. The applied goal—on the computing side—involves developing high-level control systems of automata
Spatial–temporal_reasoning
Government-funded research company (1988–1999)
were produced by the AAII were a procedural reasoning system (PRS); distributed multi-agent reasoning system (dMARS); and a Smart Whole AiR Mission Model
Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute
Australian_Artificial_Intelligence_Institute
Extension of the Web to facilitate data exchange
things. These embedded semantics offer significant advantages such as reasoning over data and operating with heterogeneous data sources. These standards
Semantic_Web
Methods for developing expert systems
Knowledge level modeling Knowledge management Knowledge representation and reasoning Knowledge retrieval Knowledge tagging Method engineering Feigenbaum, Edward;
Knowledge_engineering
Communication theory
proposed that the narrative is the basis of communication. Fisher notes that reasoning is achieved through "all sorts of symbolic action." According to this
Narrative_paradigm
Mathematical term; concerning axioms used to derive theorems
informal reasoning, in which nouns may carry real-world semantic values, and towards formal proof. In a fully formal setting, a logical system such as
Axiomatic_system
Process of identifying causality
Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect. The study of causality extends from ancient
Causal_reasoning
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
about some problem domain. Computation is performed by applying logical reasoning to that knowledge, to solve problems in the domain. Major logic programming
Logic_programming
Tool for building expert systems
CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System) is a public-domain software tool for building expert systems. The syntax and name were inspired by Charles
CLIPS
American scientific research institute (founded 1946)
Procedural Reasoning System". SRI International. Retrieved 2012-07-15. "SRI Technology At Core of New U.S. Postal Service Letter Sorting System". 1997-09-03
SRI_International
French computer scientist (born 1960)
Logical Intelligence, an AI company developing energy-based (EBM) reasoning systems. LeCun is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences, National
Yann_LeCun
Type of non-monotonic logic
logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions. Default logic can express facts like “by default
Default_logic
Health company based in Berlin
doctors in accurately diagnosing rare diseases. The system used a Bayesian probabilistic reasoning system based on the medical history and differential diagnosis
Ada_Health
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Mathematical notation in lambda calculus
are commonly used in higher-order reasoning systems such as automated theorem provers and logic programming systems. Formally, λ-terms (M, N, ...) written
De_Bruijn_index
Conceptual model of a system
a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system. A system architecture can consist of system components
Systems_architecture
intelligent applications. At its heart is a knowledge representation and reasoning system that combines a Frame-based language with an automatic classifier engine
LOOM_(ontology)
Five generation of a computer
applications to run on these systems, such as the parallel database management system Kappa, the legal reasoning system HELIC-II, and the automated theorem
Fifth Generation Computer Systems
Fifth_Generation_Computer_Systems
Method in artificial intelligence
the system is well-founded), this problem is very simple: the agent accepts arguments of the unique extension and rejects others. The same reasoning can
Argumentation_framework
In cognitive linguistics, relating conceptual domains
method, but instead considers the scientific method a finely developed reasoning system used to discover phenomena which are subsequently understood in terms
Conceptual_metaphor
set of goals and sometimes a plan library. Subsumption Procedural reasoning system (PRS) 3T AuRA Brahms GAIuS GRL ICARUS InteRRaP TinyCog TouringMachines
Agent_architecture
Mental representation of the external world
mind. Such models are hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. The term for this concept was coined in 1943 by Kenneth
Mental_model
American AI researcher and entrepreneur
based in Seattle, Washington, where he contributed to multimodal reasoning systems and vision-language models. There he was involved in the development
Matt_Deitke
Subfield of artificial intelligence
knowledge to give AI systems the ability to better represent, reason and generalize. Thus, neuro-symbolic AI provides a reasoning infrastructure to state-of-the-art
Neuro-symbolic_AI
Kind of proof calculus
logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the "natural" way of reasoning. This contrasts with Hilbert-style systems, which instead
Natural_deduction
Software system combining multiple techniques
Genetic fuzzy systems Rough fuzzy hybridization Reinforcement learning with fuzzy, neural, or evolutionary methods as well as symbolic reasoning methods. From
Hybrid_intelligent_system
OpenCog Prime, developed using the OpenCog Framework. Procedural Reasoning System (PRS), developed by Michael Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky at SRI International
List of artificial intelligence projects
List_of_artificial_intelligence_projects
Brachman (1985). "A Fundamental Tradeoff in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning". In Ronald Brachman and Hector J. Levesque (ed.). Reading in Knowledge
Deductive_classifier
Formal logic whose entailment relation is not monotonic
reasoning in expert systems". In Apt, K.R. (ed.). Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems. Vol. 13. NATO ASI Series, Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences:
Non-monotonic_logic
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
requiring multiple steps of logical reasoning. reasoning system In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
IQ test designed to measure intelligence in adults
Perceptual Reasoning Index has been split into Visual Spatial Ability (Block Design, Visual Puzzles) and Fluid Reasoning (Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Wechsler_Adult_Intelligence_Scale
American semiconductor company
disease. In January 2025, Cerebras announced support for DeepSeek's R1 70B reasoning model at 1,600 tokens/second. In February 2025, Mistral AI began using
Cerebras_Systems
retrieved by the system. In the legal domain, fuzzy logic can be used for rule-based and case-based reasoning models. Some legal expert system architects have
Legal_expert_system
Theory of human moral judgment
beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow
Dual process theory (moral psychology)
Dual_process_theory_(moral_psychology)
Controlled language
Natural Language" (PDF). First International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (RR 2007). Kaarel Kaljurand; Norbert E. Fuchs (2007). "Verbalizing
Attempto_Controlled_English
Programming language that uses first order logic
knowledge representation and reasoning system based on F-logic and incorporates HiLog, transaction logic, and defeasible reasoning. Logtalk is an object-oriented
Prolog
Formal language used to construct ontologies
allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages
Ontology_language
with intelligence by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to the present led to the development of the programmable
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
ownership of the process must be taken for successful questioning and reasoning. Critical thinking presupposes a rigorous commitment to overcoming egocentrism
Critical_thinking
Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
(also: the logic of conditionals) refers to a family of formal systems for reasoning with statements of the form "if A, (then) B". Conditional logics
Conditional_logic
Rewriting system and type of formal grammar
An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system and a type of formal grammar. An L-system consists of an alphabet of symbols that can
L-system
Manner of solving problems
manner of solving problems using an indirect and creative approach via reasoning that is not immediately obvious. Synonymous to thinking outside the box
Lateral_thinking
Steps in reasoning
Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Inference is traditionally divided into deduction and induction
Inference
American scientist (1946–2023)
language understanding) and case-based reasoning, both of which challenged cognitivist views of memory and reasoning. He began his career teaching at Yale
Roger_Schank
Type of computer program used in mortgage banking
An expert system for mortgages is a computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of human authorities, related to mortgage banking
Expert_systems_for_mortgages
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2022). Vol. 35. arXiv:2201
Prompt_engineering
Inductive reasoning is very useful for scientists, auto mechanics, system integrators, lawyers, network engineers, medical doctors, system administrators
Inductive_reasoning_aptitude
Annual hacker gathering in Las Vegas, Nevada
of Cybersecurity". The badge belongs to ForAllSecure's Mayhem Cyber Reasoning System, the winner of the DARPA 2016 Cyber Grand Challenge at DEF CON 24 and
DEF_CON
to primates. Animals are believed to have an approximate number system, the same system for number representation demonstrated by humans, which is more
Number_sense_in_animals
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Muslim
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : apparently a topographic name from Middle English furlong ‘length of a field’ (from Old English furh ‘furrow’ + lang ‘long’), the technical term for the block of strips owned by several different persons which formed the unit of cultivation in the medieval open-field system of farming, or a habitational name from a minor place named with this word, such as Furlong in Devon or Shropshire. The surname is now chiefly common in Ireland, where a family of this name settled at the end of the 13th century.Possibly an Americanized form of French Ferland.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pranali | பà¯à®°à®£à®¾à®²à¯€
System, Organization
Pranali | பà¯à®°à®£à®¾à®²à¯€
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of fennel (Old English finugle, fenol, from Late Latin fenuculum). Fennel was widely used in the Middle Ages as a herb for seasoning. The surname may also have been a topographic name for someone who lived near a place where the herb grew or was grown.English : Reaney also identifies this as a derivative of Fitz Neal ‘son of Neal’, citing as an example Fennells Wood, a place name recorded in 1391 as Fenelgrove and named for a Robert FitzNeel (1283).Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Fionnghail ‘descendant of Fionnghal’, a personal name composed of the elements fionn ‘fair’, ‘white’ + gal ‘valor’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and French
English, Scottish, and French : nickname for an intelligent person, from Middle English, Old French raison ‘reasoning’, ‘intellectual faculty’ (Latin ratio, genitive rationis).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English frankelin ‘franklin’, a technical term of the feudal system, from Anglo-Norman French franc ‘free’ (see Frank 2) + the Germanic suffix -ling. The status of the franklin varied somewhat according to time and place in medieval England; in general, he was a free man and a holder of fairly extensive areas of land, a gentleman ranked above the main body of minor freeholders but below a knight or a member of the nobility.The surname is also borne by Jews, in which case it represents an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.In modern times, this has been used to Americanize François, the French form of Francis.The American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin (1706–90) was the son of Josiah Franklin, a chandler (dealer in soap and candles), who had emigrated in about 1682 from Ecton, Northamptonshire, to Boston, MA, where his son was born.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Argument reasoning, proof
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English knyghte ‘knight’, Old English cniht ‘boy’, ‘youth’, ‘serving lad’. This word was used as a personal name before the Norman Conquest, and the surname may in part reflect a survival of this. It is also possible that in a few cases it represents a survival of the Old English sense into Middle English, as an occupational name for a domestic servant. In most cases, however, it clearly comes from the more exalted sense that the word achieved in the Middle Ages. In the feudal system introduced by the Normans the word was applied at first to a tenant bound to serve his lord as a mounted soldier. Hence it came to denote a man of some substance, since maintaining horses and armor was an expensive business. As feudal obligations became increasingly converted to monetary payments, the term lost its precise significance and came to denote an honorable estate conferred by the king on men of noble birth who had served him well. Knights in this last sense normally belonged to ancient noble families with distinguished family names of their own, so that the surname is more likely to have been applied to a servant in a knightly house or to someone who had played the part of a knight in a pageant or won the title in some contest of skill.Irish : part translation of Gaelic Mac an Ridire ‘son of the rider or knight’. See also McKnight.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Reasoning; Proof
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old Norse drengr ‘young man’, but with more than one possible interpretation. It may reflect the personal name (originally a byname) of this form, which had some currency in the most Scandinavian-influenced areas of medieval England. Alternatively it may reflect the Middle English borrowing of the vocabulary word in the sense ‘servant’, later a technical term of the feudal system of Northumbria for a free tenant who held land by military and agricultural service, sometimes paying rent as well or in commutation.
Boy/Male
Indian
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pranaali | பà¯à®°à®¨à®¾à®²à¯€
System, Organization
Pranaali | பà¯à®°à®¨à®¾à®²à¯€
Surname or Lastname
German
German : topographic name for someone who lived by an elder tree, Middle High German holder, or from a house named for its sign of an elder tree. In same areas, for example Alsace, the elder tree was believed to be the protector of a house.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Holder ‘elder tree’.English (chiefly western counties) : occupational name for a tender of animals, from an agent derivative of Middle English hold(en) ‘to guard or keep’ (Old English h(e)aldan). It is possible that this word was also used in the wider sense of a holder of land within the feudal system. Compare Helder.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Trick; Power; Strategy; Solution by Logic; By Reasoning
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Proof; Reasoning
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : status name in the feudal system for a serf who had been freed.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of Friedmann (see Fried).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Reasoning; Proof; Argument
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beginning of a New Day and Needs to be Loved
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, Good human being
Female
Croatian
, from the forest.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Irish, Jamaican
Pure; Rhythmic Flow of Sounds; Variant of Cady
Girl/Female
Biblical
City of the sun, wall of burnt brick.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hutchens.
Girl/Female
Muslim
(The wife of Ibrahim al-nakhe)
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Deserving
Boy/Male
Sikh
God of flower
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Wanderer; Adventurous
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
REASONING SYSTEM
n.
The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises; deductive reasoning.
a.
Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.
n.
The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case called dead reckoning (see under Dead); -- also used for dead reckoning in contradistinction to observation.
n.
Reasoning; argumentation.
a.
Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.
n.
The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only.
n.
A reasoning by syllogisms.
a.
Reasoning; characterized by reasoning; passing from premises to consequences; discursive.
n.
The art of reasoning; logic.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Reason
n.
The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation.
n.
That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.
n.
False reasoning; paralogism.
a.
Reasoning; proceeding from one ground to another, as in reasoning; argumentative.
adv.
Deficient in reasoning power; stupid; dull.
n.
Hence, something added to enhance enjoyment or relieve dullness; as, wit is the seasoning of conversation.
a.
Argumentative; discursive; reasoning.
n.
A seasoning.
n.
The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting one's reasons.
n.
Argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning.