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Natural-language "if" sentences about what may be the case
An indicative conditional is a natural-language conditional sentence (an "if" sentence) used to talk about what may actually be the case, as in: "If Leona
Indicative_conditional
Conditionals that discuss what would have been if things were otherwise
contrasted with indicative conditionals, which are generally used to discuss live or open possibilities. The name subjunctive conditionals is sometimes preferred
Counterfactual_conditional
Conditional clauses spoken in Latin
respectively. Open conditional clauses in turn can be divided into particular and general. Open conditional sentences generally use the indicative mood in both
Latin_conditional_clauses
Sentence expressing an 'if-then' relation
among conditionals is that between indicative and counterfactual conditionals, exemplified by the following English examples: Indicative conditional: If
Conditional_sentence
Verbs in the Spanish language
indicative mood. Indicative mood: The indicative mood, or evidential mood, is used for factual statements and positive beliefs. The Spanish conditional, although
Spanish_verbs
Topics referred to by the same term
Strict conditional Variably strict conditional Relevance conditional A conditional sentence in natural language, including: Indicative conditional Counterfactual
Conditional_statement
Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
that have been proposed for both indicative and counterfactual readings. The conditional studied by a given conditional logic is here notated with > {\displaystyle
Conditional_logic
Logical connective
sufficient operator Corresponding conditional Counterfactual conditional Indicative conditional Strict conditional Hilbert 1918. Carnap, Rudolf (1966)
Material_conditional
Irrealis grammatical mood
is used to form the conditional. On occasion, it is also used as a replacement for the present subjunctive when the indicative and subjunctive moods
Subjunctive_mood
Type of logical contradiction
material conditional. Some analyze subjunctive conditionals as fundamentally different from indicative, some instead view all conditionals as having
Paradoxes of material implication
Paradoxes_of_material_implication
Formal statement in logic
Strict conditionals are the result of Clarence Irving Lewis's attempt to find a conditional for logic that can adequately express indicative conditionals in
Strict_conditional
constructions. Indicative mood, in English, refers to finite verb forms that are not marked as subjunctive and are neither imperatives nor conditionals. They are
Uses_of_English_verb_forms
Type of fallacious argument (logical fallacy)
form of argument) that is committed when, in the context of an indicative conditional statement, it is stated that because the consequent is true, therefore
Affirming_the_consequent
Topics referred to by the same term
languages Conditional sentence, a sentence type used to refer to hypothetical situations and their consequences Indicative conditional, a conditional sentence
Conditional
Grammatical feature of verbs
Ancient Greek, and Vedic Sanskrit have them all. English has indicative, imperative, conditional, and subjunctive moods. Not all the moods listed below are
Grammatical_mood
How one process influences another
antecedent is false. The ordinary indicative conditional has somewhat more structure than the material conditional. For instance, although the first is
Causality
Logical fallacy
another way, denying the antecedent occurs in the context of an indicative conditional statement and assumes that the negation of the antecedent implies
Denying_the_antecedent
therefore not B. Affirming the consequent – the antecedent in an indicative conditional is claimed to be true because the consequent is true; if A, then
List_of_fallacies
Grammatical construction
[pluperfect indicative], on aurait pu [conditional perfect] l'empêcher. "If we had known it [pluperfect subjunctive], we would have been able [conditional perfect]
Conditional_perfect
Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning
fallacies include: Affirming the consequent – the antecedent in an indicative conditional is claimed to be true because the consequent is true; if A, then
Syllogism
Concept in linguistics
Sami. Indicative, conditional, and potential mood Imperative The negative verb is conjugated in moods and personal forms in Northern Sami. Indicative, conditional
Negative_verb
Grammatical construction
conditionals can be interpreted the same way as "regular, hypothetical, indicative conditionals". Spice Girls (1996). Wannabe. Spice. Virgin Records. Condoravdi
Anankastic_conditional
Sentences of the form "if x, then y"
meaning. Conditionals with fake past marking go by various names including counterfactuals, subjunctives, and X-marked conditionals. Indicative: If it is
English_conditional_sentences
Grammatical forms of verbs in the Portuguese language
imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional. Three (or four) moods—indicative, subjunctive, imperative (and conditional, according to some authors) Classes
Portuguese_conjugation
Datum or structured component of reality
empire would have been greater than Rome." This contrasts with an indicative conditional, which indicates what is (in fact) the case if its antecedent is
Fact
Part of grammar in ancient Greek
take us as allies." A simple conditional may use any tense of the indicative. The following has the perfect indicative: εἰ μέν τι ἠσέβηκα ... ἀποκτείνατέ
Ancient Greek conditional clauses
Ancient_Greek_conditional_clauses
Grammatical mood used for statement of fact
moods existing in English besides the indicative are irrealis moods: the imperative ("Be quiet!") and the conditional ("I would be quiet") (although this
Realis_mood
Test for the acceptability of conditionals via hypothetical belief revision
holds that, for suitable indicative conditionals, the acceptability or assertability of if p, q is governed by the conditional probability P ( q ∣ p )
Ramsey_test
Verbs in the Slovene language
In Slovene literature, it is considered an extension of the indicative and conditional mood. There are several non-finite verbs: Long infinitive in -ti/-či
Slovene_verbs
Armenian language component
two modern dialects of Armenian. Both dialects have five moods: indicative, conditional, optative/subjunctive, necessitative, imperative; of these only
Armenian_verbs
Overview of conjugation in French
tenses, and the non-finite forms. The moods are: indicative (indicatif), subjunctive (subjonctif), conditional (conditionnel) and imperative (impératif). Tense
French_conjugation
Future indicative Conditional Future subjunctive 1s ავაშენებ, a-v-a-šen-eb ავაშენებდი, a-v-a-šen-eb-d-i ავაშენებდე, a-v-a-šen-eb-de 2s ააშენებ, a-a-šen-eb
Georgian_conjugation
Concept in philosophy and modal logic
types of conditionals (if-then statements). Consider the difference between the epistemic connection expressed by an indicative conditional and the causal
Epistemic_possibility
Verbs in the Romance family of languages
pluperfect subsist. Its meaning has shifted to that of a conditional in Sicilian. The future indicative tense of the modern languages does not derive from the
Romance_verbs
Grammar of the Irish language
the conditional mood also by leniting any initial consonant. The inflected tense and mood forms are: present indicative, present habitual indicative (differs
Irish_grammar
Parts of speech in French grammar
tense–aspect–mood forms, categorized into the indicative, subjunctive and imperative moods, with the conditional mood sometimes viewed as an additional category
French_verbs
Uralic language
verbal moods in Udmurt: indicative, conditional and imperative. There is also an optative mood used in certain dialects. The indicative mood has four tenses:
Udmurt_language
Eastern Romance language
conjugation patterns. Romanian verbs are conjugated for five moods (indicative, conditional/optative, imperative, subjunctive, and presumptive) and four non-finite
Romanian_language
Verbs of the Hungarian language
verbs have 3 moods: indicative, conditional and subjunctive / imperative. The indicative has a past and non-past tense. The conditional has a non-past tense
Hungarian_verbs
In mathematics, a statement that has been proven
such a theorem. Logically, many theorems are of the form of an indicative conditional: If A, then B. Such a theorem does not assert B — only that B is
Theorem
Presence of the verb "to be" in Indo-European languages
(honā) is the only verb in Hindi-Urdu to have the present indicative, imperfect indicative, presumptive mood and the present subjunctive conjugations
Indo-European_copula
Verb form
addition of -s for the third person singular. The above refers to the indicative mood of the simple present; for the formation and use of the subjunctive
Simple_present
English embedded clause type marking non-real possibilities
contrast between indicative and subjunctive conditionals". Michela Ippolito. "On the Semantic Composition of Subjunctive Conditionals" (PDF). 2002. "The
English_subjunctive
these are used variously in the indicative, conditional and (rarely) subjunctive. The preterite, future, and conditional tenses have a number of periphrastic
Colloquial_Welsh_morphology
Assumed context surrounding an utterance
filters. An example of such an environment are indicative conditionals ("If-then" clauses). A conditional sentence contains an antecedent and a consequent
Presupposition
Grammatical mood
subjunctive or in the indicative mood. However, this is not a universal trait: among others, in German (as above) and in Finnish the conditional mood is used in
Irrealis_mood
Study of how people reason
reason about conditionals, e.g., If A then B. Participants in experiments make the modus ponens inference, given the indicative conditional If A then B
Psychology_of_reasoning
American philosopher (born 1940)
the semantics of natural language, including counterfactual and indicative conditionals, and presupposition. His view of assertion as narrowing the conversational
Robert_Stalnaker
Relationship in which one statement follows from another
(2001), Conditionals, Blackwell in Lou Goble (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Edgington, Dorothy (2006), "Indicative Conditionals", Conditionals
Logical_consequence
Aspect of French verbs
voir (je verrai), pouvoir (je pourrai). The conditional endings correspond to those of the imperfect indicative. They too are always regular: -ais, -ais
French_verb_morphology
Aspect of verbs in the Finnish language
so, normally, the present tense is used for future time as well. The conditional mood corresponds mostly to 'would' or 'should', or to the past subjunctive
Finnish_conjugation
Grammar of the Latvian language
five moods: indicative; imperative; conditional; conjunctive (Latvian literature, however, does not make a distinction between conditional and conjunctive
Latvian_grammar
Grammatical features of Esperanto
passive in three tenses), or one of three moods (indicative, conditional, or volitive; of which the indicative has three tenses), and are derived for several
Esperanto_grammar
Grammar of the Kurdish language
perfective. Aspect is as important as tense. There are 4 moods: indicative, conditional, imperative, and potential. Past tense transitive sentences are
Kurdish_grammar
meet you." There are three persons, two numbers and four moods (indicative, conditional, imperative and subjunctive) to consider in conjugation. There
German_verbs
Australian philosopher
Philosophy, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 113–131. (1979) 'On Assertion and Indicative Conditionals' The Philosophical Review, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 565–589. (1980)
Frank_Cameron_Jackson
Gallo-Romance dialect continuum
present indicative and je lef, tu les, il let in the present subjunctive, in both cases regular phonological developments from Latin indicative lavō, lavās
Old_French
Finnic language spoken by the Izhorians of Ingria, Russia
distinction in interrogative pronouns. Ingrian verbs feature four moods: indicative, conditional, imperative and the now rare potential. Verbs are inflected for
Ingrian_language
Class of Ancient Greek verbs
distinguished by its form. In late prose, it is mandatory for the aorist indicative to have a prefix or lengthened initial syllable called an augment. It
Aorist_(Ancient_Greek)
Parts of speech in Catalan grammar
third-person singular in present indicative, imperfect indicative, and simple conditional. Valencian has -e ending in indicative present 1st person singular
Catalan_verbs
Grammatical system of a language that covers the expression of tense, aspect, and mood
Spanish morphologically distinguishes the indicative, imperative, subjunctive, and conditional moods. In the indicative mood, there are synthetic (one-word
Tense–aspect–mood
Grammar of the Breton language
singular plural impers. 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd Indicative Present -an -ez no ending -omp -it -ont -er Imperfect -en -es -e -emp -ec'h -ent -ed Preterite
Breton_grammar
Most widely spoken of all Sámi languages
is generally combined with the imperative. conditional (konditionála or eaktovuohki), indicating conditional or hypothetical statements, like the English
Northern_Sámi
American philosopher
in Natural Language, 1984), including the meaning of indicative conditionals (Real Conditionals 2001), is explained by Lycan in truth-theoretic terms
William_Lycan
Linguistic comparison
language. Future indicative is sometimes replaced by present indicative; conditional is very often replaced by imperfect indicative. In colloquial language
Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish
Comparison_of_Portuguese_and_Spanish
Gallo-Romance language
TO BE : ète (être) Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Present Imperfect Future Conditional Present North South North South Variables Variables I ej su j'éto(s)
Picard_language
Aspect of verbs in the Irish language
lenition nor receives d'. The -⟨f⟩- in future and conditional stems is pronounced /h/; except in the conditional 2nd person singular and the impersonal, where
Irish_conjugation
Indo-European language
shared with some fellow Indo-European languages such as Greek. In indicative, conditional, or admirative sentences, negation is expressed by the particles
Albanian_language
Grammar of the Ingrian language
inflect for four moods: indicative, conditional, imperative and potential. Of these, the potential is very rare. The indicative mood is the only one to
Ingrian_grammar
Object that exists in the imagination
sometimes known as material conditionals. In contrast, indicative conditionals, sometimes known as non-material conditionals, attempt to describe if-then
Object_of_the_mind
Grammar of the Udmurt language
verbal moods in Udmurt: indicative, conditional and imperative. There is also an optative mood used in certain dialects. The indicative mood has four tenses:
Udmurt_grammar
Dialect of Neapolitan spoken in Apulia
-essere. Another non-existent verbal tense is the conditional, replaced by the imperfect indicative or the imperfect subjunctive: vuleve sce o cineme
Tarantino_dialect
Irregular verbs in the Spanish language
active participle or gerund (sintiendo, durmiendo); the third-person indicative past perfect (sintió, sintieron, durmió, durmieron); all forms of the
Spanish_irregular_verbs
Grammatical rules of the Finnish language
morphology sections, the mood referred to will be the indicative unless otherwise stated. The conditional mood expresses the idea that the action or state
Finnish_grammar
Verbs in the Hindi and Urdu languages
Hindustani mark the aspect. Gender is not distinct in the present tense of the indicative mood, but all the participle forms agree with the gender and number of
Hindustani_verbs
Topic in Christian theology
Old Testament and in the New involving the sequencing of imperative and indicative predicates are taken by theologians as central to the relationship between
Law_and_Gospel
Grammatical mood
present. In Romanian, the conditional and optative moods have identical forms, thus being commonly referred to as the conditional-optative mood. In Sanskrit
Optative_mood
Grammar of the Turkmen language
second and third), tenses (present, past, and future), and moods (indicative, conditional, obligational, intentional, imperative). Infinitives are formed
Turkmen_grammar
Australian philosopher (1929–2025)
of Science Part A. 23:665–679. Elsevier, 1992. "Two Theories of Indicative Conditionals". Australian Journal of Philosophy. 62: 50–66. Routledge, 1984
Brian_David_Ellis
Language of the Occitano-Romance group
"second conditional", derived from the Latin pluperfect indicative tense. The second conditional is cognate with the literary pluperfect in Portuguese,
Old_Occitan
Spanish grammar
five. While the indicative and the imperative are universally recognized as separate moods, some include the conditional in the indicative (Bosque 2012,
Subjunctive_mood_in_Spanish
Conjugation of verbs in the Spanish language
amadas — masc. sing., fem. sing., masc. pl., fem. pl., respectively) Indicative yo tú vos él / ella / usted nosotros / nosotras vosotros / vosotras ellos
Spanish_conjugation
Grammatical mood
the second-person present indicative form, except in the case of the verb to be, where the imperative is be while the indicative is are. (The present subjunctive
Imperative_mood
Grammatical construct combining past tense with continuing aspect
used: "We always ate dinner at six o'clock." Conjugation of the imperfect indicative: Notes: The imperfect is signified by the signs ba and ebā. The imperfect
Imperfect
Grammar concept denoting roots of verbs
active indicative ("I carry"), portāre is the present active infinitive ("to carry"), portāvī is the first-person singular perfect active indicative ("I
Principal_parts
Usage of linking verbs in Romance languages
somos (1st person plural, present tense, indicative mood) The infinitive (on which the modern future and conditional are based) could have derived from either
Romance_copula
Inuit language spoken in Greenland
but no dual, unlike Inuktitut); eight moods (indicative, interrogative, imperative, optative, conditional, causative, contemporative and participial) and
Greenlandic_language
Grammar of the Italian language
plural of the present indicative and subjunctive, e.g. capire > capisco, capisci, capisce, capiamo, capite, capiscono (indicative) and capisca, capisca
Italian_grammar
Language where one kind of inflection indicates multiple changes of aspect
each of which conveys some or all of the following: mood (indicative, subjunctive, conditional or imperative) tense (past, present or future) aspect (perfective
Fusional_language
Critically endangered Tungusic language
can have the same function, but they are not limited to it.) All Manchu indicative verbal forms seem to be derived from non-finite ones such as participles
Manchu_language
Latin grammatical verb inflections
singular of the present indicative active the present infinitive active the first person singular of the perfect indicative active the supine or, in
Latin_conjugation
Overview of how Japanese verbs conjugate
present and past tense, volition, passive voice, causation, imperative and conditional mood, and ability. There are also special forms for conjunction with
Japanese_conjugation
Regulation of the European Union and Euratom
The Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation is a regulation of the European Union and Euratom, which allows the European Commission to adopt measures, including
Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation
Rule_of_Law_Conditionality_Regulation
Linguistic component of Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek verbs have four moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive and optative), three voices (active, middle and passive), as well as three persons
Ancient_Greek_verbs
Verbs in the English language
defective verbs below. Almost all verbs have a third person singular present indicative form with the suffix -[e]s. In terms of spelling, it is formed in most
English_verbs
Emilian dialect of Parma, Italy
plural) in finite moods. The finite moods are indicative, subjunctive, conditional and imperative. The indicative further has 3 simple tenses (present, imperfect
Parmigiano_dialect
Language composition of Sardinia
infinitives of auxiliary verbs and past participle Conditional (conditzionale): by adding indicative imperfect forms of dèpere (in Logudorese and LSC)
Sardinian_conjugation
Set of grammatical rules
verb is in the present or future tense (as opposed to past tense or conditional mood). For example: Batman says that he needs a special key for the Batmobile
Sequence_of_tenses
Finnic language south of Lake Onega, Russia
consonants are not palatalized after i, in for example the past indicative, the conditional and some case forms. Long close vowels are retained, with *üü
Veps_language
How verbs are conjugated in Italian
affinché, etc.). Used for the subordinate clauses of the imperfect indicative or the conditional. The imperfect subjunctive is formed: for regular verbs, by
Italian_conjugation
travel, tourism, insurance
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
INDICATIVE CONDITIONAL
travel, tourism, insurance