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Practice and study of secure communication techniques
(coded) message shares the decryption (decoding) technique only with the intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries. The cryptography literature
Cryptography
Method used to encrypt a message
codebooks, so ciphers are now the dominant technique in modern cryptography. In contrast, because codes are representational, they are not susceptible to mathematical
Code_(cryptography)
Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating
Message_authentication_code
Book by Simon Singh
The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography is a book by Simon Singh, published in 1999 by Fourth Estate and Doubleday
The_Code_Book
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, data transmission and data storage. Codes are studied by various scientific
Coding_theory
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
it suitable for use in cryptography. It is also referred to as a cryptographic random number generator (CRNG). Most cryptographic applications require random
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers, began thousands of years ago. Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical
History_of_cryptography
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
A cryptographic hash function (CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of n {\displaystyle
Cryptographic_hash_function
Computer communications authentication algorithm
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as hash-based message authentication code or keyed-hash message authentication code) is a specific type of
HMAC
Concept in cryptography
Hash-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives based on the security of hash functions. It is of interest as
Hash-based_cryptography
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is unknown. In
Cryptanalysis
Cryptographic technique
Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted
Visual_cryptography
Cryptographic application programming interface
Bouncy Castle is a collection of APIs used for implementing cryptography in computer programs. It includes APIs for both the Java and the C# programming
Bouncy_Castle_(cryptography)
and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines
Outline_of_cryptography
Password that can only be used once
access control technique with anonymous authentication. Code (cryptography) § One-time code FreeOTP Google Authenticator Initiative For Open Authentication
One-time_password
Military code use and breaking during the Second World War
Cryptography was used extensively during World War II because of the importance of radio communication and the ease of radio interception. The nations
World_War_II_cryptography
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
message; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography, especially classical cryptography. Codes generally substitute different length strings of
Cipher
Legislation that purports to cover a complete system of laws
and amended. Code (cryptography) Genetic code Language Legal code (municipal) List of national legal systems Source code Visigothic Code Code of conduct
Code_of_law
Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with variable quality for a long time. This is despite the paradox that secrecy is of the essence
Bibliography_of_cryptography
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is the field of cryptographic systems that use pairs of related keys. Each key pair consists of a
Public-key_cryptography
Transfer from the United States to another country of technology related to cryptography
cryptography from the United States to other countries has experienced various levels of restrictions over time. World War II illustrated that code-breaking
Export of cryptography from the United States
Export_of_cryptography_from_the_United_States
Topics referred to by the same term
Code (cryptography), device for hiding the meaning of a message Code (semiotics), device to carry information in a verbal and/or nonverbal form Code (set
Code_(disambiguation)
Approach to public-key cryptography
Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
A key in cryptography is a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographic
Key_(cryptography)
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend
Salt_(cryptography)
System to verify the source and or authenticity of a message
Longo, G.; Marchi, M.; Sgarro, A. (4 May 2014). Geometries, Codes and Cryptography. Springer. p. 188. ISBN 978-3-7091-2838-1. Archived from the original
Message_authentication
Single-use value in secure communications
In cryptography, a nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once in a cryptographic communication. It is often a random or pseudo-random number
Cryptographic_nonce
In cryptography, the white-box model refers to an extreme attack scenario, in which an adversary has full unrestricted access to a cryptographic implementation
White-box_cryptography
Engineering discipline specializing in the design of computer hardware
which is used to implement the logic. Computer engineers work in coding, applied cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting
Computer_engineering
Project by NIST to standardize post-quantum cryptography
Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization is a program and competition by NIST to update their standards to include post-quantum cryptography. It was announced
NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization
NIST_Post-Quantum_Cryptography_Standardization
World Wide Web Consortium cryptography standard
documents or code Protecting the integrity and confidentiality of communication and digital data exchange Because the Web Cryptography API is agnostic
Web_Cryptography_API
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
came from a known sender. Digital signatures are a type of public-key cryptography, and are commonly used for software distribution, financial transactions
Digital_signature
Placeholder characters
fictional characters commonly used as placeholders in discussions about cryptographic systems and protocols, and in other science and engineering literature
Alice_and_Bob
Laws relating to encryption
Cryptography is the practice and study of encrypting information, or in other words, securing information from unauthorized access. There are many different
Cryptography_law
Type of code
telegraphy, steganography, and cryptography. The device was originally used for fire signalling, allowing for the coded transmission of any message, not
Polybius_square
Cryptographic algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
Strong cryptography or cryptographically strong are general terms used to designate the cryptographic algorithms that, when used correctly, provide a very
Strong_cryptography
Class of cipher
In the history of cryptography, a grille cipher was a technique for encrypting a plaintext by writing it onto a sheet of paper through a pierced sheet
Grille_(cryptography)
integrate security into application code.[citation needed] Java Cryptography Extension Bouncy Castle (cryptography) Official JCA guides: JavaSE6, JavaSE7
Java Cryptography Architecture
Java_Cryptography_Architecture
Book for ciphers
cryptography codes. Originally, codebooks were often literally books, but today "codebook" is a byword for the complete record of a series of codes,
Codebook
Hypothetical mathematical code in the Quran
in turn is used for letter enumerations as well as gematria. Bible code Cryptography Karamat Musa, A. (2008-05-12). Hadith As Scripture: Discussions on
Quran_code
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can decode. This process converts
Encryption
Yellow: License required for importation Red: Total ban Code as speech Export of cryptography Cryptography and Liberty 1998, GILC Report Crypto-Law survey 2013
Restrictions on the import of cryptography
Restrictions_on_the_import_of_cryptography
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
cryptosystem) such as RSAES-OAEP, and public-key key encapsulation. In RSA-based cryptography, a user's private key—which can be used to sign messages, or decrypt
RSA_cryptosystem
Deliberate creation of difficult-to-understand code
Cryptographers have explored the idea of obfuscating code so that reverse-engineering the code is cryptographically hard. This is formalized in the many proposals
Obfuscation_(software)
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Quantum cryptography is the exploiting of quantum-mechanical properties such as quantum entanglement, measurement disturbance, no-cloning theorem, and
Quantum_cryptography
Asymmetric encryption algorithm developed by Robert McEliece
In cryptography, the McEliece cryptosystem is an asymmetric encryption algorithm developed in 1978 by Robert McEliece. It was the first such scheme to
McEliece_cryptosystem
Recreational computer programming competition
also include time limits. In 2019, cryptography researchers Xavier Bonnetain, Léo Perrin and Shizhu Tian used code golf and the closely linked concept
Code_golf
German cipher machine during World War II
letter is encrypted with a different cryptographic key, making it highly resistant to conventional cryptographic attacks based on patterns the keys leave
Enigma_machine
Type of data structure
In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" node is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data
Merkle_tree
Newsgroup relevant to the discussion of cryptography and related issues
cryptanalysis". Schneier, Bruce (1996). Applied cryptography: protocols, algorithms, and source code in C (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 608–609.
Cryptography_newsgroups
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
In cryptography, padding is any of a number of distinct practices, all of which include adding data to the beginning, middle, or end of a message prior
Padding_(cryptography)
Projected date when quantum computers could break modern encryption
predicting Q-Day but completing post-quantum cryptography (PQC) migration before vulnerable cryptography reaches end-of-life. This concept, similar to
Quantum_threat
Encryption technique
Vernam cipher, is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than
One-time_pad
Software authentication
of a cryptographic hash to validate authenticity and integrity. Code signing can provide several valuable features. The most common use of code signing
Code_signing
Cryptographic hash function
"GM/T 0004-2012: SM3 cryptographic hash algorithm". SM3 is used for implementing digital signatures, message authentication codes, and pseudorandom number
SM3_(hash_function)
Below is a timeline of notable events related to cryptography. 600-500 – Hebrew scholars make use of simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers (such as
Timeline_of_cryptography
Framework for encryption and keys
The Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) is an officially released Standard Extension to the Java Platform and part of Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA)
Java_Cryptography_Extension
Simple and widely known encryption technique
of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext
Caesar_cipher
Aspect of cryptography
A cryptographic protocol is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences
Cryptographic_protocol
Cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a timing attack is a side-channel attack in which the attacker attempts to compromise a cryptosystem by analyzing the time taken to execute
Timing_attack
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
In cryptographic protocol design, cryptographic agility or crypto-agility is the ability to switch between multiple cryptographic primitives. A cryptographically
Cryptographic_agility
C++ software library
libcrypto++, and libcryptopp) is a free and open-source C++ class library of cryptographic algorithms and schemes written by Wei Dai. Crypto++ has been widely
Crypto++
Cryptographic primitives that involve lattices
Lattice-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives that involve lattices, either in the construction itself
Lattice-based_cryptography
Cryptographic secret, not public in contrast to salt
In cryptography, a pepper is a secret added to an input such as a password during hashing with a cryptographic hash function. This value differs from
Pepper_(cryptography)
International standard
The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) is the IETF's standard for cryptographically protected messages. It can be used by cryptographic schemes and protocols
Cryptographic_Message_Syntax
Clifford Cocks • Clipper chip • Clock (cryptography) • Clock drift • CMVP • COCONUT98 • Codebook • Code (cryptography) • Code talker • Codress message • Cold
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
Cryptographic primitives are well-established, low-level cryptographic algorithms that are frequently used to build cryptographic protocols for computer
Cryptographic_primitive
Indian code talkers in World War I, initially with members of the Cherokee and Choctaw tribes. World War I Cryptography History of cryptography World War
World_War_I_cryptography
Set of cryptographic hash functions
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published
SHA-2
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers. The proposal was first published in 2007
Galois/Counter_Mode
Application programming interface
applications using cryptography. It is a set of dynamically linked libraries that provides an abstraction layer which isolates programmers from the code used to
Microsoft_CryptoAPI
German-American author and former KGB spy (born 1949)
leaving university to move to East Berlin. The KGB taught him Morse code, cryptography and techniques to avoid surveillance, as well as English. He was sent
Jack_Barsky
Stream cipher algorithm
In cryptography, NLS is a stream cipher algorithm designed by Gregory Rose, Philip Hawkes, Michael Paddon, and Miriam Wiggers de Vries. It has been submitted
NLS_(cipher)
System of rules to convert information into another form or representation
history of cryptography, codes were once common for ensuring the confidentiality of communications, although ciphers are now used instead. Secret codes intended
Code
Encrypted information
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known
Ciphertext
Theory of cryptography
used to model or implement many cryptographic primitives, including cryptographic hashes, message authentication codes, mask generation functions, stream
Sponge_function
Hiding messages in other messages
Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography, disguised as a book on magic. The advantage of steganography over cryptography alone is that the intended
Steganography
applications of finite fields, such as coding theory (cyclic redundancy codes and BCH codes), cryptography (public key cryptography by the means of elliptic curves)
Factorization of polynomials over finite fields
Factorization_of_polynomials_over_finite_fields
Cryptographic hash function
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message
SHA-1
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
concerns within the TrueCrypt code audits have been addressed. VeraCrypt includes optimizations to the original cryptographic hash functions and ciphers
VeraCrypt
Type of substitution cipher
David; Weintraub, Joseph (1961). A glossary of cryptography. Crypto Press. p. 44. Wrixon, Fred B. (1998). Codes, Ciphers, and other Cryptic & Clandestine Communication
Pigpen_cipher
Topics referred to by the same term
post-quantum cryptography MultiLevel Recording, to increase the storage capacity of optical discs Malaysia-Singapore Airlines, IATA code ML until 1972
ML
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
In cryptography, the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) offers a variant of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) which uses elliptic-curve
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Message authentication code algorithm
authentication code algorithm. It was created by Phillip Rogaway. PMAC is a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that
PMAC_(cryptography)
Computer password or cryptographic key
In cryptography, a shared secret is a piece of data, known only to the parties involved, in a secure communication. This usually refers to the key of a
Shared_secret
Type of two-dimensional barcode
jurisdictions. A digital apostille is a PDF document with a cryptographic signature containing a QR code for a canonical URL of the original document, allowing
QR_code
Cryptographic software in OpenBSD
The OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework (OCF) is a service virtualization layer for the uniform management of cryptographic hardware by an operating system
OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework
OpenBSD_Cryptographic_Framework
Activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography
history of cryptography; in the early 1990s, the US government considered cryptography software a munition for export purposes (PGP source code was published
Cypherpunk
Quantum-based cryptographic method
Conjugate coding is a cryptographic tool, introduced by Stephen Wiesner in the late 1960s. It is part of the two applications Wiesner described for quantum
Conjugate_coding
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
Indéchiffrable". The Code Book. Anchor Books, Random House. pp. 63–78. ISBN 0-385-49532-3. Franksen, Ole Immanuel (1993-10-01). "Babbage and cryptography. Or, the
Vigenère_cipher
Simple encryption method
Rome, and used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC (see timeline of cryptography). ROT13 may be referred to as Rotate13, ROT-13, rotate by 13 places,
ROT13
is a cryptographic library designed to fit easily in a wide range of toolkits and applications. It began as a collection of low-level cryptography functions
Nettle (cryptographic library)
Nettle_(cryptographic_library)
1887, SIGCODE and another system designed for radio communication. The cryptographic system was developed by Lt. W.W. Smith in the Office of Naval Operations
A-1_(code)
Transmission of language with brief pulses
Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes
Morse_code
Disused cipher that was used historically
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern
Classical_cipher
Free software library implementing TLS
implementation of the TLS and SSL protocols and the respective cryptographic algorithms and support code required. It is distributed under the Apache License version
Mbed_TLS
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
ISBN 978-0-911333-91-6 Singh, Simon (1999). The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography. London: Fourth Estate. ISBN 1-85702-879-1
Ultra_(cryptography)
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
information. These attacks differ from those targeting flaws in the design of cryptographic protocols or algorithms (notwithstanding the fact that cryptanalysis
Side-channel_attack
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CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from a short form of any of the various Germanic personal names with the first element hrÅd ‘renown’. Compare Robert, Rudiger.North German, Danish, and English : topographic name for someone who lived on land cleared for cultivation or in a clearing in woodland, from Middle Low German rode, Danish rothe, Old English rod. Compare English Rhodes.English : habitational name from any of the many places named with this word, as for example Rode in Cheshire.Slovenian : topographic name from the adjective rod ‘barren’, denoting someone who lived on a barren land.Slovenian : nickname from the Slovenian dialect word rode ‘person with disheveled hair’, a derivative of rod ‘curly’ or ‘hairy’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name, Cade, a survival of the Old English personal name or byname Cada, which is probably from a Germanic root meaning ‘lump’, ‘swelling’.English : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle English, Old French cade ‘cask’, ‘barrel’ (of Germanic origin, probably akin to the root mentioned in 1).English : nickname for a gentle or inoffensive person, from Middle English cade ‘domestic animal’, ‘pet’ (of unknown origin).French (Cadé) : topographic name from cade ‘juniper’ (from Latin catanus).Bearers of the name Caddé, from Amiens, were documented in Quebec city by 1670.
Surname or Lastname
English (common in the Midlands)
English (common in the Midlands) : from Middle English cope ‘cloak’, ‘cape’ (from Old English cÄp reinforced by the Old Norse cognate kápa), hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made cloaks or capes, or a nickname for someone who wore a distinctive one. Compare Cape.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cook.Americanized spelling of German Koke or Koch.
Boy/Male
Welsh American Shakespearean
Small battle; spirit of the battle.
Girl/Female
English American Irish
Cushion. Helpful.
Surname or Lastname
Spanish and Portuguese
Spanish and Portuguese : nickname from the title of rank conde ‘count’, a derivative of Latin comes, comitis ‘companion’.English : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Code
Female
Yiddish
(×”Ö¸×דֶע) Yiddish form for Hebrew Hadaccah, HODE means "myrtle tree."
Surname or Lastname
English (Surrey)
English (Surrey) : unexplained. Compare Moad.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of purses and bags, from Middle English cod ‘bag’.English : nickname for a man noted for his apparent sexual prowess, from cod(piece), in Tudor times the garment worn prominently over the male genitals.English : from Middle English cod, the fish (of uncertain origin, perhaps a transferred use of 1), applied as a metonymic occupational name for a fisherman or seller of these fish, or possibly as a nickname for someone thought to resemble the fish in some way.Irish : variant of Cody.Irish (County Wexford) : from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Cod.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Coad.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English pet form of Nicholas.English : from a Middle English personal name derived from the Old English byname Cola (from col ‘(char)coal’, presumably denoting someone of swarthy appearance), or the Old Norse cognate Koli.Scottish and Irish : when not of English origin, this is a reduced and altered form of McCool.In some cases, particularly in New England, Cole is a translation of the French surname Charbonneau.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kohl.An Irish family by the name of Cole was established in Fermanagh by Sir William Cole (1576–1653). He was the first Provost of Enniskillen, and his descendants became earls of Enniskillen. The family is thought to have originated in Devon or Cornwall.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Cody, CODIE means "helper."
Boy/Male
Welsh
Dwells in the woods.
Surname or Lastname
French (Côte)
French (Côte) : topographic name for someone who lived on a slope or riverbank, less often on the coast, from Old French coste (Latin costa ‘rib’, ‘side’, ‘flank’, also used in a transferred topographical sense). There are several places in France named with this word, and the surname may also be a habitational name from any of these.English : topographic name from Middle English cote, cott ‘shelter’, ‘cottage’ (see Coates).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place named Cove, examples of which are found in Devon, Hampshire, and Suffolk, from Old English cofa ‘cove’, ‘bay’, ‘inlet’, also ‘shelter’, ‘hut’, or a topographic name with the same meaning.
Male
English
 English surname transferred to forename use, derived from Old English Cola, COLE means "black, coal." This name is also sometimes used as a pet form of Nicholas, meaning "victor of the people."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Code
Boy/Male
Greek American English
People's victory.
CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
CODE CRYPTOGRAPHY
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