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Medication used for epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraine
Valproate (valproic acid, VPA, sodium valproate, or valproate semisodium) is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and as a mood stabilizer in
Valproate
Medical condition
Fetal valproate spectrum disorder (FVSD), previously known as fetal valproate syndrome (FVS), is a rare disease caused by prenatal exposure to valproic
Fetal valproate spectrum disorder
Fetal_valproate_spectrum_disorder
List of adverse effects of valproate by frequency: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headache Low platelet count (dose-related) Tremor (dose-related) Alopecia
List of adverse effects of valproate
List_of_adverse_effects_of_valproate
Chemical compound
Valproate pivoxil (Pivadin, Valproxen) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester derivative of valproic
Valproate_pivoxil
Psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders
adverse effects and better tolerability compared to the first generation. Valproate is a first generation anticonvulsant agent. This drug is considered as
Mood_stabilizer
Anticonvulsant medication
bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalized seizures. It is not effective for absence or
Carbamazepine
Medical condition
with benzodiazepines, typical antiseizure drugs are given, including valproate, fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, or similar substances. Intubation may be
Status_epilepticus
drugs by type valproic acid sodium salt also known as valproate semisodium or (sodium valproate and valproic acid in 1:1 ratio) Children and Medication
List of psychiatric medications by condition treated
List_of_psychiatric_medications_by_condition_treated
Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch
drugs being studied in different combinations include clonazepam, sodium valproate, piracetam, and primidone. Hormonal therapy may improve responses to antimyoclonic
Myoclonus
Anticonvulsant medication
medications known to decrease the severity of drop attacks. Combination with valproate is common, but this increases the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and
Lamotrigine
Atypical antipsychotic
depression, as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy (with lithium or valproate), and for major depressive disorder as an adjunctive therapy only (with
Lumateperone
Neurodegenerative disease caused by prions
CJD. Opioids may be used to help with pain, while clonazepam or sodium valproate may help with involuntary movements. CJD affects about one person per
Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Formulary by the World Health Organization
Phenytoin Valproic acid (sodium valproate) Complementary: Ethosuximideα Levetiracetamα Valproic acid (sodium valproate)α Complementary: Cladribineα Glatiramer
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
French whistleblower in the valproate affair
neurobehavioral disorders. In 2009, she identified a link between the valproate she took during her pregnancy and her son's condition with autism. She
Marine_Martin
Chemicals produced during fat metabolism
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
Ketone_bodies
Type of generalized seizure
another is the alternative. Adding small doses of lamotrigine to sodium valproate may be the best combination in resistant cases. Although ethosuximide
Absence_seizure
Class of medications
neuropathic pain. The following are fatty-acids: The valproates — valproic acid, sodium valproate, and divalproex sodium (1967) Vigabatrin (1989) Progabide
Anticonvulsant
Medical condition where an erection lasts excessively long
trazodone), anti-convulsant and mood stabilizer drugs such as sodium valproate. Anticoagulants, cantharides (Spanish Fly) and recreational drugs (alcohol
Priapism
Antibiotic for treatment of tuberculosis
and isoniazid levels should be monitored. Valproate levels may increase when taken with isoniazid. Valproate levels should be monitored and its dose adjusted
Isoniazid
Oral cough medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Benzonatate
Bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode
risk compared to placebos in mood disorders. Anticonvulsants, such as valproate, carbamazepine, or lamotrigine Atypical antipsychotics, such as quetiapine
Bipolar_I_disorder
Psychotropic drugs for mania
anticonvulsants, valproate and carbamazepine are more likely to have interactions with other drugs due to high cytochrome P450 enzymatic activity. Valproate inhibits
Antimanic_drug
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
butyrate (butyric acid), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and valproic acid (valproate). However, another group of researchers found that GABA did not detectably
GABA
Medical condition
Various medications have been tried as treatment, notably acetazolamide, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate, and furosemide. Chen, WT; Fuh, JL; Lu, SR; Wang
Persistent aura without infarction
Persistent_aura_without_infarction
Adverse effects by frequency for use of valproate semisodium. Nausea Tremor Liver injury Gastralgia Diarrhoea Extrapyramidal (movement) disorder Stupor
List of adverse effects of valproate semisodium
List_of_adverse_effects_of_valproate_semisodium
Chemical compound
It may produce more stable plasma levels than valproic acid or sodium valproate and may be more effective at preventing febrile seizures. However, it
Valpromide
Atypical antipsychotic medication
bipolar depression, either as monotherapy or adjunctively with lithium or valproate. It is not FDA approved for treating manic symptoms associated with bipolar
Lurasidone
Atypical antipsychotic medication
and maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder. adjunct to lithium or valproate in the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I
Olanzapine
Abrupt cessation of alcohol intake
scores; overall data quality is mixed and further trials are needed. Valproate should not be used as monotherapy for AWS and is generally avoided in
Alcohol_detoxification
Group of neurological disorders causing seizures
seizures, with levetiracetam and valproate used as second-line treatments due to concerns about cost and side effects. Valproate is the first-line choice for
Epilepsy
Field of study
three found that Valproate decreases panic disorder, one found that Valproate decreases social anxiety, and one found that Valproate reduces generalized
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
Neuralogical disorder caused by long-term use of dopaminergic drugs
aggression, gambling, or hypersexuality. Based upon five case reports, valproate may have efficacy in controlling the symptoms of levodopa-induced DDS
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
Dopamine_dysregulation_syndrome
Methods to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks
as beta-blockers, anticonvulsive agents such as topiramate or sodium valproate, antidepressants such as amitriptyline and calcium channel blockers such
Prevention of migraine attacks
Prevention_of_migraine_attacks
Type of evoked potential
Chronic daily administration of migraine prophylactic drugs (topiramate, valproate, propranolol, amitriptyline, and methysergide) dose-dependently suppressed
Cortical_spreading_depression
Non-opioid analgesic drug
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Suzetrigine
Genetic form of epilepsy
anticonvulsant medications such as clobazam, stiripentol, topiramate, and valproate. Because the course of the disorder varies from individual to individual
Dravet_syndrome
Nervous system disease affecting nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord
evidence. For sodium valproate the authors of a 2011 Cochrane review found that "three studies no more than hint that sodium valproate may reduce pain in
Peripheral_neuropathy
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
Butyric_acid
Chemical compound
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
Indole-3-carbinol
Disorder of depression and mood episodes
stabilizers, particularly lithium, and anticonvulsants, such as lamotrigine and valproate, as well as atypical antipsychotics are used for treatment. Atypical antipsychotics
Bipolar_disorder
Local anesthetic
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Lidocaine
Rare form of childhood-onset epilepsy
known to cause aplastic anemia and liver toxicity. valproate (valproic acid, sodium valproate and valproate semisodium)[citation needed] lamotrigine rufinamide
Lennox–Gastaut_syndrome
Chemical compound
Nortriptyline Imipramine Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Topiramate Valproate Anti-CGRP/CGRP-R mAbs Eptinezumab Erenumab Fremanezumab Galcanezumab CGRP-R
Atogepant
Chemical compound
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
Sodium_butyrate
Disorder resulting in recurrent moderate–severe headaches
Nortriptyline Imipramine Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Topiramate Valproate Anti-CGRP/CGRP-R mAbs Eptinezumab Erenumab Fremanezumab Galcanezumab CGRP-R
Migraine
Medication to treat high blood pressure and alopecia
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Minoxidil
Class of drugs
reuptake, AR/PR antagonist Derivatives: sodium valproate, valproate semisodium, divalproex sodium, valproate pivoxil Valpromide (2-propylpentanamide) – anticonvulsant;
GABA_analogue
Chemical compound
J.; Pollack, G. M. (1994). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of valproate analogues in rats. IV. Anticonvulsant action and neurotoxicity of octanoic
Cyclohexanecarboxylic_acid
Medical condition
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, oral retinoids, sodium valproate, and carbamide perhydrate have been known to induce pili torti. The diagnosis
Pili_torti
Skin disease
may be caused by the medications rivaroxaban, vancomycin, allopurinol, valproate, levofloxacin, diclofenac, etravirine, isotretinoin, fluconazole, valdecoxib
Stevens–Johnson_syndrome
Chemical compound
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
Sulforaphane
Class of chemical compounds
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Tropane_alkaloid
Rare disorder involving deficiency in GABA degradation
Sodium valproate has been used for the treatment of generalized and partial seizures in humans for both epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Valproate enhances
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency
American psychiatrist (1936–2020)
Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Sodium valproate Valproate semisodium Sympathomimetics, SSRIs and similar Bupropion
Frederick_K._Goodwin
Animal model of absence epilepsy
addition, drugs used in the clinic to stop absence seizures (ethosuccimide, valproate) suppressed SWDs in these rats, whereas those that aggravate these seizures
GAERS
Atypical antipsychotic medication
bipolar I disorder (as either monotherapy or adjunct therapy to lithium; valproate or lamotrigine); acute mixed episodes; and maintenance treatment of bipolar
Quetiapine
Degenerative brain disease caused by prions
polysulfate (experimental), morphine, methadone (for pain relief), clonazepam, valproate (for involuntary movements), haloperidol (for agitation) Prognosis Always
Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Variant_Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease
Autism associated with another medical condition
Syndromes caused by CNVs (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome) Teratogens (e.g., fetal valproate spectrum disorder) Syndromes recognized by genome-wide testing, not by
Syndromic_autism
Chemical compound
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Meclizine
Benzodiazepine medication
opioids or other hypnotics. Lorazepam may also interact with rifabutin. Valproate inhibits the metabolism of lorazepam, whereas carbamazepine, lamotrigine
Lorazepam
Species of plant
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Mitragyna_speciosa
Class of chemical compounds
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Scaline
Local anaesthetic drug
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Benzocaine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analog
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Gabapentin
Pharmaceutical compound
acid (valerate) Valnoctamide Valproic acid (VPA; valproate) Sodium valproate Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valpromide Vorinostat (SAHA) Zabadinostat
FRM-0334
Pharmaceutical compound
Phenelzine PEH Rosmarinic acid (lemon balm) Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium) Valproic acid Valpromide
Guvacine
Calcium channel blocker medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Nifedipine
Family of serotonergic psychedelics
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
25-NB
Anticonvulsant medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Pregabalin
Anxiolytic medication
classical 1,4-benzodiazepines (such as diazepam) and muscimol, but not sodium valproate, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or phenytoin. Tofisopam is indicated for
Tofisopam
Family of transport proteins
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Voltage-gated_sodium_channel
Class of psychoactive drugs
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Substituted_methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Genetic disorder causing an exaggerated startle response
GPHN gene Medication Clonazepam, diazepam, or phenobarbital; carbamazepine; 5-hydroxytryptophan; phenytoin; valproate; piracetam Frequency 1 in 40,000
Hyperekplexia
Chemical compound
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Cathinone
Medical condition of excess body fat
antipsychotics, antidepressants, steroids, certain anticonvulsants (phenytoin and valproate), pizotifen, and some forms of hormonal contraception. While genetic influences
Obesity
Tricyclic antidepressant
contraceptives may increase the blood level of amitriptyline by as high as 90%. Valproate moderately increases the levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline through
Amitriptyline
Antibiotic medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Erythromycin
Medication against high blood pressure
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Amlodipine
Barbiturate medication used to treat seizures and tremors
myoclonic epilepsy, it is a second-line therapy, reserved for when the valproates or lamotrigine do not work and when the other second-line therapy, acetazolamide
Primidone
Chemical compound
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
4-Aminopyridine
Carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Meprobamate
Benzodiazepine medication
(June 1980). "Seizure management in acute hepatic porphyria: risks of valproate and clonazepam". Neurology. 30 (6): 588–592. doi:10.1212/WNL.30.6.588
Clonazepam
Highly focused interests in autistic people
syndrome DiGeorge syndrome Down syndrome Dup15q Goldenhar syndrome Fetal valproate spectrum disorder Fragile X syndrome Jacobsen syndrome Malan syndrome
Special_interest_(autism)
Class of psychoactive drugs
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Dissociative
Neurotoxin
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Tetrodotoxin
Antiarrhythmic medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Amiodarone
Membrane transport proteins
Phenelzine PEH Rosmarinic acid (lemon balm) Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium) Valproic acid Valpromide
Amino_acid_transporter
Detailed analysis of management techniques for bipolar disorders
further mania, similar to the kindling model of seizures. Valproic acid, or valproate, was one of the first anti-convulsants tested for use in bipolar disorder
Treatment_of_bipolar_disorder
Lithium salt with ascorbate
Cacilhas AA, Valvassori SS, Quevedo J, Kapczinski F. Effects of lithium and valproate on serum and hippocampal neurotrophin-3 levels in an animal model of mania
Lithium_ascorbate
Pain and blood pressure medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Amlodipine/celecoxib
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
daunorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and etoposide. Valproate, a medication used to treat epilepsy, can also make the hair become curly
Chemotherapy
Medical condition
Glaucoma Beta blocker drops Adrenergic drops Partial epilepsy Carbamazepine Valproate, topiramate Headache Ibuprofen Sumatriptan Stroke-like episodes Aspirin
Sturge–Weber_syndrome
Mood disorder
involves the utilization of either a mood stabilizer (e.g., carbamazepine, valproate, lithium, or lamotrigine) or an atypical antipsychotic (e.g., olanzapine
Mania
Trace amine
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Phenethylamine
One of four stable isomers of butanediol
Phloretin Probenecid Pyruvic acid Quercetin Salicylic acid Simvastatin Sodium valproate Valproic acid SMCTsTooltip Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters
1,4-Butanediol
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Ketamine
Calcium channel blocker medication
Relutrigine Rufinamide Sipatrigine Topiramate Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium Valproic acid Valpromide Zonisamide Local
Diltiazem
Class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Substituted_amphetamine
Monoamine neurotransmitter
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Serotonin
Class of drugs
stabilizers/anticonvulsants: Gabapentinoids Tricyclics Dibenzazepines Valproates Others Nootropics: Racetams Phenylpiracetams Miscellaneous: 3-Benzazepines
Nitazenes
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