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Neurotoxin
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and
Tetrodotoxin
Various species of pufferfish
[citation needed] Fugu possesses a potentially lethal poison known as tetrodotoxin, therefore necessitating meticulous preparation to prevent the fish from
Fugu
Four species of mollusk
when handled because their venom contains a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin. The species tends to have a lifespan around two to three years, which
Blue-ringed_octopus
Species of snake
the lowest levels of tetrodotoxin resistance, while those that do live in the same area have the highest levels of tetrodotoxin resistance. In populations
Common_garter_snake
Haitian self-claimed zombie (1922–1994)
been administered a neurotoxin such as the paralyzing pufferfish venom tetrodotoxin, which rendered him helpless and seemingly dead. The greatest proponent
Clairvius_Narcisse
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
glutamate, nitric oxide, botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), tetanus toxin, and tetrodotoxin. Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential
Neurotoxin
Family of pufferfish
internal organs, such as the liver, and sometimes the skin, contain mucus tetrodotoxin, and are highly toxic to most animals when eaten; nevertheless, the meat
Tetraodontidae
1985 book by Wade Davis
zombification process was more likely the result of a complex interaction of tetrodotoxin, a powerful hallucinogenic plant called Datura, and cultural forces and
The Serpent and the Rainbow (book)
The_Serpent_and_the_Rainbow_(book)
Species of crab
background. It is potentially lethal due to the presence of neurotoxins tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in its flesh and shell. Zosimus aeneus was first described
Zosimus_aeneus
Genus of fishes
invertebrates and sometimes crustaceans. These fish contain lethal amounts of tetrodotoxin in the internal organs, especially the liver and the ovaries, but also
Takifugu
Chemical compound
neuromuscular junction. The drug has been shown to reverse saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin toxicity in tissue and animal experiments. In calcium entry blocker overdose
4-Aminopyridine
Species of fish
from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean. This fish contains tetrodotoxin, a potent and deadly chemical compound used to ward off predators. Despite
Map_puffer
Paralytic shellfish toxin
countries. Puffer fish also accumulate a structurally distinct toxin, tetrodotoxin. Saxitoxin dihydrochloride is an amorphous hygroscopic solid, but X-ray
Saxitoxin
Species of amphibian known for strong toxicity
ingesting a rough-skinned newt. The newt produces a neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which in this species was formerly called "tarichatoxin". It is
Rough-skinned_newt
Group of chemical compounds
sea bass and moray eels. Brevetoxin Domoic acid Okadaic acid Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Swift AE, Swift TR (2008). "Ciguatera". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical
Ciguatoxin
Class of naturally occurring chemical compounds
are atypical of higher organisms and terrestrial plants. An example is tetrodotoxin, a non-protein neurotoxin about 10,000 times more toxic than cyanide
Alkaloid
Canadian anthropologist (born 1953)
emission vehicles. In 1983, Davis first advanced his hypothesis that tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning could explain the existence of Haitian zombies. This
Wade_Davis_(anthropologist)
Family (Echeneidae) of ray-finned fish
the latter case, remoras were used as an outgroup when investigating tetrodotoxin resistance in remoras, pufferfish, and related species, finding remoras
Remora
Family of crabs
antidote is known.[better source needed] The toxins are similar to the tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin produced by puffer fish, and may be produced by bacteria
Xanthidae
2009 action thriller film by F. Gary Gray
Clyde in disguise; Darby attempts to shoot him, but is paralyzed by tetrodotoxin-laced spikes hidden in the gun's handle. Clyde records himself torturing
Law_Abiding_Citizen
Species of amphibian
range from 5 to 8 in (13 to 20 cm). Its skin produces the potent toxin tetrodotoxin. Taricha torosa was divided into two subspecies until 2007, when it was
California_newt
Chemical compound
antidote, the membrane depolarization can be prevented or reversed by tetrodotoxin (from puffer fish), which is a noncompetitive inhibitor, or saxitoxin
Batrachotoxin
Genus of amphibians
maturity. All species within the genus Taricha possess the biotoxin tetrodotoxin. However, toxicity varies between species and between populations within
Taricha
Loss of motor function
they hatch. An example of a vertebrate-produced paralyzing toxin is the tetrodotoxin of fish species such as Takifugu rubripes, the famously lethal pufferfish
Paralysis
Species of fish
silver-cheeked toadfish is extremely poisonous if eaten because it contains tetrodotoxin in its ovaries and to a lesser extent its skin, muscles and liver, which
Lagocephalus_sceleratus
Species of amphibian
ponds and streams or nearby wooded areas. The eastern newt produces tetrodotoxin, which makes the species unpalatable to predatory fish and crayfish.
Eastern_newt
Toxic plant alkaloid
mortality of aconitine is lowered by tetrodotoxin. The toxic effects of aconitine were attenuated by tetrodotoxin, probably due to their mutual antagonistic
Aconitine
Type of lectin
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Ricin
Species of amphibian
11-oxotetrodotoxin is considered four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin itself. Other analogues isolated from this species include tetrodonic
Pumpkin_toadlet
Species of venomous cephalopod
suggesting they do in the wild as well. They do not use their venom (known as tetrodotoxin) to kill their prey, but instead trap it inside their arms and pierce
Blue-lined_octopus
Order of amphibians
other groups. The skin of some species contains the powerful poison tetrodotoxin; these salamanders tend to be slow-moving and have bright warning coloration
Salamander
Family of basal chelicerates
horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) as its meat contains tetrodotoxin. While horseshoe crab meat is commonly prepared by grilling or stewing
Horseshoe_crab
Concept in Evolution
Rough-skinned newts have skin glands that contain a powerful nerve poison, tetrodotoxin, as an anti-predator adaptation. Throughout much of the newt's range
Evolutionary_arms_race
Species of amphibian
tetrodotoxin, which is hundreds of times more toxic than cyanide. This is the same toxin found in pufferfish and harlequin frogs. While tetrodotoxin was
Sierra_newt
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the SCN10A gene. Nav1.8-containing channels are tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant voltage-gated channels. Nav1.8 is expressed specifically
Nav1.8
hunting their prey. The blue-ringed octopodes (Hapalochlaena spp.) produce tetrodotoxin, which is extremely toxic to even the healthiest adult humans, though
List_of_venomous_animals
Chemical reaction intermediate
the following four structural features: polycyclic structures (e.g. tetrodotoxin) compounds with a strong electron-withdrawing group attached to the acyl
Tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound
Tetrahedral_carbonyl_addition_compound
Species of bacterium
from the surface slime of the puffer fish. It secretes the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin. It was originally described in 1990 as Alteromonas tetraodonis but was
Pseudoalteromonas_tetraodonis
Species of fish
internal organs, such as liver, gall bladder and sexual organs, contain tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lagocephalus
Lagocephalus_spadiceus
Family of fishes
to eat molluscs and sea urchins. Some species are poisonous, having tetrodotoxin in their internal organs, such as the ovaries and liver. This neurotoxin
Porcupinefish
Genus of flatworms
presence of tetrodotoxin, a very dangerous neurotoxin, was recorded in B. adventitium and B. kewense. It is the first record of tetrodotoxin in terrestrial
Bipalium
Several medications which disrupt the movement of Na+ ions
opening of the channel: Alkaloids: Saxitoxin (STX) Neosaxitoxin (NSTX) Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Drugs which block sodium channels by blocking from the intracellular
Sodium_channel_blocker
Toxin produced by microorganisms
pufferfish, such as Takifugu V., produce tetrodotoxin in their skin glands. Another organism that releases the tetrodotoxin from their skin are blue-ringed octopuses
Microbial_toxin
Species of flatworm
kewense is one of the few terrestrial invertebrates known to produce tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin that results in paralysis. It is possible that the toxin
Bipalium_kewense
Change in the heritable traits of populations
coevolution. An example is the production of tetrodotoxin in the rough-skinned newt and the evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in its predator, the common
Evolution
Family of salamanders
sperm for up to 6 months at a time. The genus Taricha use the poison tetrodotoxin (TTX) that binds and blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) in nerves
Salamandridae
Largest virus ever discovered
Hashimoto, Kanehisa; Nemoto, Takahisa (May 1988). "Poison arrowworms: a tetrodotoxin venom in the marine phylum Chaetognatha". Journal of Experimental Marine
Megaklothovirus_horridgei
Japanese dish with vinegared rice
in particular, can be fatal. Fugu pufferfish have a lethal dose of tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and, by law in many countries, must be prepared
Sushi
2025 American adult animated television series
was there. She offers to help him escape; Marshall asks her to procure tetrodotoxin for him. Off duty, Harrington visits Copano, who suggests that there
Common_Side_Effects
Species of bacterium
where it is responsible for the production of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin. Vibrio alginolyticus are commonly found in aquatic environments. Some
Vibrio_alginolyticus
Family of amphibians
Yotsu-Yamashita, Mari; Yasumoto, Takeshi (1994). "First occurrence of tetrodotoxin in a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus inguinalis), with further reports
Poison_dart_frog
Japanese biological and chemical warfare research facility (1936–1945)
pp. 38–39 Prisoners were also exposed to biological toxins including tetrodotoxin (from pufferfish), heroin, Korean bindweed, bactal, and castor oil seeds
Unit_731
Toxin produced by a fungus
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Mycotoxin
Species of endospore forming bacterium
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Clostridium_botulinum
Species of arthropod
Tachypleus gigas, the flesh of C. rotundicauda is known to contain lethal tetrodotoxin (TTX). There have been several cases of food poisoning, some resulting
Mangrove_horseshoe_crab
15th episode of the 2nd season of The X-Files
still-living McAlpin, who doesn't remember what has happened to him. Tetrodotoxin, a chemical Mulder believes is part of Haitian zombification rituals
Fresh_Bones
Japanese knife for slicing sashimi
fish's internal organs, particularly the liver containing high levels of tetrodotoxin. Following the traditional practice of Japanese kitchen knives, the sashimi
Sashimi_bōchō
Soft-bodied eight-limbed order of molluscs
penetrate the skin without a puncture, given prolonged contact. It contains tetrodotoxin, which causes paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses
Octopus
Japanese dish of raw fish
Pseudoterranova decipiens. In addition, incorrectly prepared fugu fish may contain tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin. Another type of foodborne illness that could occur
Sashimi
Class of ectothermic tetrapods
North America and other members of its genus contain the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX), the most toxic non-protein substance known and almost identical
Amphibian
Drugs that disrupt movement of calcium across calcium channels
RG7893 (GDC-0287) Suzetrigine Toxins: Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Zetekitoxin AB Others: Buprenorphine Evenamide Menthol (mint) Safinamide
Calcium_channel_blocker
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
subunit alpha, also known as NaV1.5 is an integral membrane protein and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit. NaV1.5 is found primarily
SCN5A
Species of venomous cephalopod
eating them. The second, tetrodotoxin, is used for defense and is found in several other sea creatures such as pufferfish. Tetrodotoxin, also known as TTX,
Greater_blue-ringed_octopus
Naturally occurring organic poison
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Toxin
Species of fish
unwanted catch by anglers, the smooth toadfish contains high levels of tetrodotoxin and may result in death if eaten. French naturalist Christophe-Paulin
Smooth_toadfish
Medication used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Narahashi T (August 1997). "Differential action of riluzole on tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels". The Journal of Pharmacology
Riluzole
Medical condition
(2001). "Traumatic axonal injury induces calcium influx modulated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels". Journal of Neuroscience. 21 (6): 1923–1930
Diffuse_axonal_injury
Vodou priest or priestess
brew or potion, usually containing poison extracted from puffer fish (tetrodotoxin). This potion induces the drinker to appear as though they were dead;
Bokor
Voltages associated with muscle fibre
patients. Many animals use neurotoxins to defend themselves and kill prey. Tetrodotoxin is a poison found in the certain poisonous fishes such as pufferfish
End-plate_potential
Group of poisons produced by molds
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Aflatoxin
Species of starfish
In some circumstances, Astropecten scoparius contains the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, also known as TTX. This starfish accumulates lesser quantities of the
Astropecten_scoparius
Amphibians that produce poison
Brodie, Edmund D.; Gall, Brian G. (2018-09-02). "An Investigation into Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Levels Associated with the Red Dorsal Spots in Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus
Poisonous_amphibian
Medications to reversibly block pain
Mepivacaine Prilocaine Ropivacaine Trimecaine Saxitoxin Neosaxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Menthol Eugenol Cocaine Spilanthol Most naturally occurring local anesthetics
Local_anesthetic
Family of toxins
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Amatoxin
Chemical compound
hemolytic, nonpeptide (which is relatively unusual, although similar to tetrodotoxin in this way) toxin. It is heat-stable and non-dialyzable, that is, foamed
Pahutoxin
Marvel Comics character
separation, but have not reconsidered marriage. Mariko is later poisoned with tetrodotoxin from a blowfish by the assassin Reiko in the employ of her rival Matsu'o
Mariko_Yashida
Species of fish
inflated. Dwarf pufferfish, like many other Tetraodontiformes, produce tetrodotoxin, a highly lethal neurotoxin for which there is no antidote. The neurotoxin
Dwarf_pufferfish
Species of fish
northwest Pacific Ocean at shallow depths up to 20 m (66 ft). It contains tetrodotoxin like other members of Takifugu. This species is found in fresh, brackish
Takifugu_poecilonotus
Class of echinoderms, marine animal
such as Astropecten polyacanthus also include powerful toxins such as tetrodotoxin, while the slime star can ooze out large quantities of repellent mucus
Starfish
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Fish
Amphibian species from East Asia
Anntoxin is a 60-residue toxic peptide that inhibits ion channels such as tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels. While these peptides display
Japanese_tree_frog
Chemical compound
unknown, seemingly monoterpene based, terrestrial biosynthetic pathway for tetrodotoxin. Galegine "KNApSAcK Metabolite Information - C00047317". www.knapsackfamily
Nitensidine_D
Species of amphibian
deter predators, Japanese fire-bellied newts contain high levels of tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin accumulated mainly from their diet. The species is found
Japanese_fire-bellied_newt
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Zombiepowder., a cancelled 1999 manga series by Tite Kubo Tetrodotoxin, a poison allegedly used by practitioners of certain Afro-American religions
Zombie_powder
Drug for chronic pain
RG7893 (GDC-0287) Suzetrigine Toxins: Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Zetekitoxin AB Others: Buprenorphine Evenamide Menthol (mint) Safinamide
Crisugabalin
Neurotoxic protein
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Volkensin
Pufferfish, including this masked puffer accumulate a neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin in their skin and internal organs. This toxin is extremely potent and
Red Sea species hazardous to humans
Red_Sea_species_hazardous_to_humans
Undead being from Haitian folklore and horror fiction
wound). The first, French: coup de poudre ("powder strike"), includes tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful and frequently fatal neurotoxin found in the flesh
Zombie
bird spider Cyriopagopus hainanus. Hainantoxins specifically inhibit tetrodotoxin-sensitive Voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby causing blockage of
Hainantoxin
1987 film by Frank Perry
tells the media Lucy made the whole thing up—claiming that Lucy used tetrodotoxin as a means to fake her own death. Lucy does not defend herself, as she
Hello_Again_(1987_film)
Species of fish
the fish. They also utilize the toxicity defense mechanism of tetrodotoxin. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a deadly neurotoxin which acts by inhibiting action potentials
Arothron_meleagris
Large family of chemically related mycotoxins
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Trichothecene
Ingestion of drugs by animals for pleasure
puffer fish and behaving lethargically. Puffer fish defensively excrete tetrodotoxin, which might have been having an intoxicating effect on the dolphins
Recreational drug use in animals
Recreational_drug_use_in_animals
Chemical compound
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Cantharidin
Chemical compound
RG7893 (GDC-0287) Suzetrigine Toxins: Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Zetekitoxin AB Others: Buprenorphine Evenamide Menthol (mint) Safinamide
Solifenacin
Subspecies of amphibian
newts, with the most notable differences being a comparative lack of tetrodotoxin in their skin, and a darker ventral surface. While other members of their
Crater_Lake_newt
Species of plant
chief toxic component, aconitine, is a potent neurotoxin that opens tetrodotoxin sensitive sodium channels. It increases the influx of sodium through
Aconitum_napellus
Cocaine-like dopamine reuptake inhibitor derived from modafinil
RG7893 (GDC-0287) Suzetrigine Toxins: Conotoxins Neosaxitoxin Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Zetekitoxin AB Others: Buprenorphine Evenamide Menthol (mint) Safinamide
JJC8-088
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
threshold channel. Though most sodium channels are blocked by tetrodotoxin, Nav1.9 is tetrodotoxin-resistant due to the presence of serine on an extracellular
Nav1.9
Foodborne illness
Mollusca: Conotoxin Eledoisin Onchidal Saxitoxin Tetrodotoxin Vertebrate toxins Fish: Ciguatoxin Tetrodotoxin Amphibian: (+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A Batrachotoxin
Ciguatera_fish_poisoning
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