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Mathematical variable needed to describe the state of a thermodynamical system
A state variable is one of the set of mathematical variables that are used to describe the "state" of a system, e.g. of a dynamical system or a thermodynamical
State_variable
Type of variable active electronic filter
A state variable filter (SVF) is a type of active filter in electronic circuits. In a state-variable filter architecture the signal and its successive
State_variable_filter
State machines and generalizations in UML
UML state machines the whole state of the state machine is commonly split into (a) an enumerable state variable and (b) all the other variables which
UML_state_machine
Mathematical model of a system in control engineering
system identification, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system that uses state variables to track how inputs shape
State-space_representation
Quantifiable conditions of a thermodynamic system at a specific time
known as state variables, state parameters or thermodynamic variables. Once such a set of values of thermodynamic variables has been specified for a system
Thermodynamic_state
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Variable, variable, or variables in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikiversity has learning resources about Variable Variable may refer to:
Variable
Predictive filter
adequately approximated by a model having two internal state variables, where the first variable is obtained by integrating the value of the second over
Alpha_beta_filter
Principle to predict effects of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium
auxiliary 'moderating' state variable X, with its conjugate state variable Y. For this to be of interest, the 'moderating' variable X must undergo a change
Le_Chatelier's_principle
Necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming
their state variables, but there would probably be others. The variables chosen at any given point in time are often called the control variables. For
Bellman_equation
Law of thermodynamics establishing the conservation of energy
first law, for it does not express the concept of the thermodynamic state variable, the internal energy. Also in 1842, Mayer measured a temperature rise
First_law_of_thermodynamics
Function describing equilibrium states of a system
equilibrium, a state function, function of state, or point function for a thermodynamic system is a function relating several state variables or state quantities
State_function
Physical quantity of hot and cold
classical thermodynamics and kinetic theory, temperature is a macroscopic state variable which reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system
Temperature
Type of energy transfer
thermodynamic work is defined through changes in the system's macroscopic state variables, in conjugate pairs such as pressure and volume, or magnetisation and
Heat
Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Type of simulation
system state is changed continuously over time on the basis of a set of differential equations defining the rates of change for state variables. In the
Discrete-event_simulation
Type of energy transfer
changes in macroscopic internal state variables of the system, which always occur in conjugate pairs of conjugate variables, for example pressure and volume
Work_(thermodynamics)
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
given time is described by its state, which can be specified by the values of a set of thermodynamic state variables. A thermodynamic system is in thermodynamic
Thermodynamic_system
State in which variables of a system are unchanging in time
systems theory, a system or a process is in a steady state if the variables (called state variables) which define the behavior of the system or the process
Steady_state
Probabilistic optimal control
evolution and observation of the state variables. Stochastic control aims to design the time path of the controlled variables that performs the desired control
Stochastic_control
Situation in which state variables of a chemical system are constant with time
In chemistry, a steady state is a situation in which all state variables are constant in spite of ongoing processes that strive to change them. For an
Steady_state_(chemistry)
Equation in mathematical physics
transitions. The equation describes the time evolution of a scalar-valued state variable η {\displaystyle \eta } on a domain Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } during
Allen–Cahn_equation
Date and time representation system widely used in computing
attention to the leap second state variable, which unambiguously indicates whether the leap has been performed yet. The state variable change is synchronous
Unix_time
Experimental element which is not changed throughout the experiment
multiple variables, is a control variable. A control variable is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment because its unchanging state allows
Control_variable
Remembered information in a computer system
state is usually represented with temporal logic as explicit variables that represent the program state at each step of a program execution: a state variable
State_(computer_science)
Type of probabilistic logic
binary state variable, and can be represented as a Beta PDF (Probability Density Function). A multinomial opinion applies to a state variable of multiple
Subjective_logic
Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium
thermodynamic state variables, that depend only on the current state of the system, not on the path taken by the processes that produce the state. In general
Thermodynamic_process
Energy contained within a system
is present in the expression of the first law of thermodynamics as a state variable, as originally formulated by the German scientist Rudolf Clausius, one
Internal_energy
on continuum mechanics. Most of the work on damage mechanics uses state variables to represent the effects of damage on the stiffness and remaining life
Damage_mechanics
Function used in optimal control theory
x_{2}(t),\ldots ,x_{n}(t)\right]^{\mathsf {T}}} denotes a vector of state variables, and u ( t ) = [ u 1 ( t ) , u 2 ( t ) , … , u r ( t ) ] T {\displaystyle
Hamiltonian_(control_theory)
Approximate method for the simulation of a stochastic system
distributed random variable with mean τx′(t). Given a state 𝐱(t)={Xi(t)} with events Ej occurring at rate Rj(𝐱(t)) and with state change vectors 𝐯ij
Tau-leaping
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
conventional cast-iron linings ever since. The engine originally used a two-state Variable Valve Timing system to switch the intake cam timing by 30°. Newer variants
Jaguar_AJ-V8_engine
asset pricing model (CAPM). It is a linear factor model with wealth as state variable that forecasts changes in the distribution of future returns or income
Intertemporal_CAPM
Computer programming, a variable accessible throughout a computer program
all global variables is known as the global environment or global state. In compiled languages, global variables are generally static variables, whose extent
Global_variable
Dynamic system property
output trajectories The state of a deterministic system, which is the set of values of all the system's state variables (those variables characterized by dynamic
Controllability
Numerical method
physically interesting quantity. An adjoint state equation is introduced, including a new unknown variable. The adjoint method formulates the gradient
Adjoint_state_method
Optimal control equation
the state variables. The costate variables λ ( t ) {\displaystyle \lambda (t)} can be interpreted as Lagrange multipliers associated with the state equations
Costate_equation
Proportion of salt dissolved in water
waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics
Salinity
Properties independent of system size, and proportional to system size
but not both, of a conjugate pair may be set up as an independent state variable of a thermodynamic system. Conjugate setups are associated by Legendre
Intensive and extensive properties
Intensive_and_extensive_properties
Method in programming
very different design methodology—Algorithmic State Machine design (ASM)—using Lyapunov state-variable mathematics, and derivative techniques pioneered
Algorithmic_state_machine
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
function H(S, p), with its entropy S[p] and its pressure p as natural state variables which provide a differential relation for dH of the simplest form,
Enthalpy
Growth rate relative to size
relevant in cases where the increase in a state variable over time is proportional to the value of that state variable at the beginning of a time period. In
Relative_growth_rate
Type of mathematical equation
is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of
Matrix_differential_equation
Branch of thermodynamics
of macroscopic quantities (non-equilibrium state variables) that represent an extrapolation of the variables used to specify the system in thermodynamic
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
Set of networking protocols
devices and services with vendor-defined actions, state variables, data structure elements, and variable values. UPnP uses common Internet technologies.
Universal_Plug_and_Play
Algorithm that estimates unknowns from a series of measurements over time
hidden Markov model such that the state space of the latent variables is continuous and all latent and observed variables have Gaussian distributions. Kalman
Kalman_filter
Named container for a particular type of data
In some high-level programming languages, a variable is an abstract storage or indirection location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
Electronic filter circuits defined by component connection
2019-10-28. Retrieved 2021-07-30. This means Sallen-Key filters, state-variable variable filters, multiple feedback filters and other types are all biquads
Electronic_filter_topology
State of matter
to as compressibility. Like pressure and temperature, density is a state variable of a gas and the change in density during any process is governed by
Gas
Computer modeling of time-varying behavior of a dynamical system
the state variables. Simulation of dynamic systems predicts the values of model-system state variables, as they are determined by the past state values
Dynamical_system_simulation
Thermodynamic concept imporant in astrophysics
with pressure dependent upon density, leaving only one independent state variable. A polytropic process is intermediate between an isothermal process
Polytrope
Maximized objective function of an optimization problem
{\displaystyle [t,t_{1}]} when started at the time- t {\displaystyle t} state variable x ( t ) = x {\displaystyle x(t)=x} . If the objective function represents
Value_function
Semi-modular analogue synthesizer
saw waveforms ranging from 8Hz to 8KHz (16KHz max with LFO/CV), one state-variable (low- and high-pass) voltage controlled filter, and a white noise generator
Mother-32
to assign state variables: Basic DFS state assignment algorithm Loop-based DFS state assignment algorithm Loop-based per-state heuristic state assignment
State_encoding_for_low_power
Capacitor whose capacitance can be changed
A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically. Variable capacitors are
Variable_capacitor
Problem used to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them
Dijkstra's solution uses one mutex, one semaphore per philosopher, and one state variable per philosopher. This solution is more complex than the resource hierarchy
Dining_philosophers_problem
act on the space of independent variables, state variables (dependent variables) and derivatives of the state variables up to any finite order. There are
Lie_point_symmetry
Principle in theoretical physics
of a few "state variables" only, i.e. in conventional thermodynamics only of the Kelvin temperature T and a few additional state variables, such as the
Holographic_principle
Game in structural combinatorics
combinatorics. Each vertex has the number of "chips" indicated by its state variable. On each firing, a vertex is selected and one of its chips is transferred
Chip-firing_game
Economic model of personal preferences
person, whose choices are not deterministic, but depend on a random state variable. A basic assumption in classic economics is that the choices of a rational
Random_utility_model
Concept in game theory
rather than in discrete steps, and for which the rate of change of each state variable—like position, speed, or resource level—is governed by a differential
Differential_game
Branch of engineering and mathematics
process variable (PV), and compares it with the reference or set point (SP). The difference between actual and desired value of the process variable, called
Control_theory
Type of regression analysis
such as mathematical operators, analytic functions, constants, and state variables. Usually, a subset of these primitives will be specified by the person
Symbolic_regression
Nonlinear equation which arises on linear optimal control problems
control variables at any time can be found using the solution of the Riccati equation and the current observations on evolving state variables. With multiple
Algebraic_Riccati_equation
Concept in mathematics or computer science
science, a variable may be said to be either free or bound. Some older books use the terms real variable and apparent variable for free variable and bound
Free variables and bound variables
Free_variables_and_bound_variables
relates the state variables of that gas, all estimated at the same time. It is understood that the values of any one of these variables can change in
Diagnostic_equation
Statistical algorithm
intersection (CI) is an algorithm for combining two or more estimates of state variables in a Kalman filter when the correlation between them is unknown. Items
Covariance_intersection
Variables Control
control is a variable chosen by the controller or agent to manipulate state variables, similar to an actual control valve. Unlike the state variable, it does
Control (optimal control theory)
Control_(optimal_control_theory)
Ecological concept
Ecosystems can shift from one state to another via a significant perturbation directly to state variables. State variables are quantities that change quickly
Alternative_stable_state
Class of statistical modeling methods
input sequence of observed variables X represents a sequence of observations and Y represents a hidden (or unknown) state variable that needs to be inferred
Conditional_random_field
an endpoint constraint on the state variables. Pontryagin's maximum principle Beavis, Brian; Dobbs, Ian (1990). "Variable Endpoints and Transversality
Transversality_condition
Computer programming, a variable only usable in a portion of a program (the scope)
In computer science, a local variable is a variable that is given local scope. A local variable reference in the function or block in which it is declared
Local_variable
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
depends on other variables too: decision variables, state variables, exogenous variables, and random variables. Decision variables are sometimes known
Mathematical_model
Linked cyclic series of thermodynamic processes
pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. In the process of passing through
Thermodynamic_cycle
Automotive transmission technology
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios, typically resulting
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
Programming paradigm entirely based on functions
functions. Program state and mutable objects are usually modeled with temporal logic, as explicit variables that represent the program state at each step of
Purely_functional_programming
Electronic filter circuit controlled with voltage
panel-mounted control. Its internal circuit was a classic analog computer state variable "loop", which provided outputs in quadrature. A VCF is an example of
Voltage-controlled_filter
Artificial neural network that mimics neurons
the firing threshold is reached—the neuron fires. After firing, the state variable is reset to a lower value. Various decoding methods exist for interpreting
Spiking_neural_network
Branch of artificial intelligence
Classical Planning, are based on state variables. Each possible state of the world is an assignment of values to the state variables, and actions determine how
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
Types of quantities in financial fields
(say, December 31, 2004), which may have accumulated in the past. A flow variable is measured over an interval of time. Therefore, a flow would be measured
Stock_and_flow
Placeholder variables in programming
metasyntactic variables in computer programming or computer-related documentation. They have been used to name entities such as variables, functions, and
Foobar
Mathematical operation on a sampled signal
parameters Coupled forms: Gold Rader (normal), State Variable (Chamberlin), Kingsbury, Modified State Variable, Zölzer, Modified Zölzer Wave Digital Filters
Digital_filter
Computer programming structure used to create objects
of state (variables) and behavior (methods) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class. Object state can
Class_(programming)
is a Boolean value represented as one or more bits, which encodes a state variable with two possible values. A single byte can contain up to 8 separate
Boolean_flag
Symbol representing a mathematical object
that the variable represents or denotes the object, and that any valid candidate for the object is the value of the variable. The values a variable can take
Variable_(mathematics)
Property of having multiple stable equilibrium points
simplest form of multistability, and can occur in systems with only one state variable, as it only takes a one-dimensional space to separate two points. Near
Multistability
Expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor
about Type 1 Superconductors: R = 0/Transition temperatures/B is a state variable/Meissner effect/Energy gap (Giaever)/BCS model. Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)
Meissner_effect
Function in thermodynamics and statistical physics
functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the
Partition function (statistical mechanics)
Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)
Mathematical model of the time dependence of a point in space
stochastic, in that random events also affect the evolution of the state variables. The study of dynamical systems is the focus of dynamical systems theory
Dynamical_system
the type and composition of the material), but not on thermodynamic state variables such as temperature or pressure. The leading order (perfect dielectric)
Molar_refractivity
Local bifurcation in which two fixed points of a dynamical system collide and anni
equation with a saddle-node bifurcation is: dxdt=r+x2. Here x is the state variable and r is the bifurcation parameter. If r<0 there are two equilibrium
Saddle-node_bifurcation
Variable defined outside any function block in C programming
B, an external variable is a variable defined outside any function block. On the other hand, a local (automatic) variable is a variable defined inside
External_variable
Gas-like collection of photons
zero at thermodynamic equilibrium. The number of state variables needed to describe a black-body state is thus reduced from three to two (e.g. temperature
Photon_gas
minimum number of state variables required to describe a system equals the order of the differential equation; more state variables than the minimum can
Minimal_realization
Visual representation used in non-linear control system analysis
plane with axes being the values of the two state variables, say (x, y), or (p, q) etc. (any pair of variables). It is a two-dimensional case of the general
Phase_plane
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes systematically with time. This variation may be caused by
Variable_star
Application of information theory to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
appear as state variables. But for a strongly non-equilibrium system, during a process, the state variables must include non-zero flux variables. Classical
Maximum entropy thermodynamics
Maximum_entropy_thermodynamics
Inference algorithm for hidden Markov models
Markov models which computes the posterior marginals of all hidden state variables given a sequence of observations/emissions o 1 : T := o 1 , … , o T
Forward–backward_algorithm
Parameter in differential equations and dynamical systems
do not affect the qualitative nature of the future behavior of the state variable X; that behavior is stable or unstable based on the eigenvalues of the
Initial_condition
Mathematical way of attaining a desired output from a dynamic system
function of state and control variables. An optimal control is a set of differential equations describing the paths of the control variables that minimize
Optimal_control
Technique for designing controllers
on extension of the system model with an additional and fictitious state variable representing everything that the user does not include in the mathematical
Active disturbance rejection control
Active_disturbance_rejection_control
travel, tourism, insurance
STATE VARIABLE
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STATE VARIABLE
STATE VARIABLE
STATE VARIABLE
travel, tourism, insurance