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Property of a thermodynamic system
Entropy is a thermodynamic state variable that quantifies the probabilistic distribution of accessible microstates in a system. The term and the concept
Entropy
Average uncertainty in variable's states
In information theory, the entropy of a random variable quantifies the average level of uncertainty or information associated with the variable's potential
Entropy_(information_theory)
Physical law for entropy and heat
appear below. The second law of thermodynamics establishes the concept of entropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system. It predicts whether processes
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Measure of distance to normality
negative entropy is used as a measure of distance to normality. It is also known as negentropy or syntropy. It is a counter-construct to entropy. The concept
Negentropy
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up entropy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Entropy is a fundamental scientific concept that quantifies the statistical probability of a system's
Entropy_(disambiguation)
Concept in information theory
Rényi entropy is a quantity that generalizes various notions of entropy, including Hartley entropy, Shannon entropy, collision entropy, and min-entropy. The
Rényi_entropy
Information-theoretic measure
In information theory, the cross-entropy between two probability distributions p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} , over the same underlying
Cross-entropy
Disorder analysis in sociocultural systems
entropy is a sociological theory that evaluates social behaviours using a method based on the second law of thermodynamics. The equivalent of entropy
Social_entropy
Unit of energy per mole per temperature
The entropy unit is a non-S.I. unit of thermodynamic entropy, usually denoted by "e.u." or "eU" and equal to one calorie per kelvin per mole, or 4.184
Entropy_unit
Scientific study of digital information
theory is entropy. In Shannon's formulation, entropy is equal to the lack of information about an event. In the above coin flip example, the entropy in the
Information_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
Maximum entropy thermodynamics Maximum entropy spectral estimation Principle of maximum entropy Maximum entropy probability distribution Maximum entropy classifier
Maximum_entropy
Lossless data compression scheme
In information theory, an entropy coding (or entropy encoding) is any lossless data compression method that attempts to approach the lower bound declared
Entropy_coding
Concept in quantum physics
The entropy of entanglement (or entanglement entropy) is a measure of the degree of quantum entanglement between two subsystems constituting a two-part
Entropy_of_entanglement
Mathematical statistics distance measure
statistics, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence (also called relative entropy and I-divergence), denoted D KL ( P ∥ Q ) {\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}}(P\parallel
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
gas constant, in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula, and is used in calculating thermal noise in resistors. The Boltzmann
Boltzmann_constant
Principle in theoretical physics
bound of black hole thermodynamics, which conjectures that the maximum entropy in any region scales with the radius squared, rather than cubed as might
Holographic_principle
Generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy
In physics, the Tsallis entropy is a generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm
Tsallis_entropy
Possible fate of the universe
to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and, having reached maximum entropy, will therefore be unable to sustain any further thermodynamic processes
Heat_death_of_the_universe
Computing concept
In computing, entropy is the randomness collected by an operating system or application for use in cryptography or other uses that require random data
Entropy_(computing)
Concept in chemical kinetics
In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation of a reaction is one of the two parameters (along with the enthalpy of activation) that are typically
Entropy_of_activation
Law of physics
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature
Third_law_of_thermodynamics
Measure of relative information in probability theory
In information theory, the conditional entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the outcome of a random variable Y {\displaystyle
Conditional_entropy
Concept in information theory
Differential entropy (also referred to as continuous entropy) in information theory is a property of absolutely continuous probability distributions which
Differential_entropy
Random number generator
technology. Its visually distinct method made it a frequently cited example of entropy sourcing. The concept was later revived and popularized by Cloudflare,
Lavarand
Influence of thermodynamics on evolution
Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the
Entropy_and_life
Principle in Bayesian statistics
The principle of maximum entropy states that, among all probability distributions consistent with a given set of constraints (such as normalization or
Principle_of_maximum_entropy
Observational basis of thermodynamics
define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Laws_of_thermodynamics
2022 video game
The Entropy Centre is a puzzle video game developed by Stubby Games and published by Playstack. The game's protagonist, Aria, wakes in a lunar facility
The_Entropy_Centre
Increase in the total entropy of a compound system after mixing
In thermodynamics, the entropy of mixing is the increase in the total entropy when several initially separate systems of different composition, each in
Entropy_of_mixing
Part of the history of physics
In the history of physics, the concept of entropy developed in response to the observation that a certain amount of functional energy released from combustion
History_of_entropy
In thermodynamics, entropy is a numerical quantity that shows that many physical processes can go in only one direction in time. For example, cream and
Introduction_to_entropy
Entropy networks have been investigated in many research areas, on the assumption that entropy can be measured in a network. The embodiment of the network
Entropy_network
Concept in general relativity and quantum field theory
classical laws of thermodynamics. The equivalence is developed by replacing entropy with black hole horizon area and replacing temperature with black hole
Black_hole_thermodynamics
Cryptographic property of random output
In cryptography, full entropy is a property of an output of a random number generator. The output has full entropy if it cannot practically be distinguished
Full_entropy
theory, the entropy power inequality (EPI) is a result that relates to so-called "entropy power" of random variables. It shows that the entropy power of
Entropy_power_inequality
Consortium on random number generators
The League of Entropy (LoE) is a voluntary consortium of organizations working together to implement an unpredictable, bias-resistant, fully decentralized
League_of_Entropy
Alloys with high proportions of several metals
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys that are formed by mixing equal or relatively large proportions of (usually) five or more elements. Prior to the
High-entropy_alloy
Concept in information theory
Fourier analysis, the entropic uncertainty or Hirschman uncertainty is defined as the sum of the temporal and spectral Shannon entropies. It turns out that
Entropic_uncertainty
Development of entropy in a thermodynamic system
Entropy production (or generation) is the amount of entropy which is produced during heat process to evaluate the efficiency of the process. Entropy is
Entropy_production
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
In the mathematical theory of probability, the entropy rate or source information rate of a stochastic process is, informally, the time density of the
Entropy_rate
Measure of information in probability and information theory
information theory, joint entropy is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a set of variables. The joint Shannon entropy (in bits) of two discrete
Joint_entropy
Type of entropy in quantum theory
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system
Von_Neumann_entropy
Equation in statistical mechanics
In statistical mechanics, Boltzmann's entropy formula (also known as the Boltzmann–Planck equation, not to be confused with the more general Boltzmann
Boltzmann's_entropy_formula
Measure of unpredictability of outcomes
The min-entropy, in information theory, is the smallest of the Rényi family of entropies, corresponding to the most conservative way of measuring the unpredictability
Min-entropy
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity
Entropic_gravity
Complex oxide molecules that contain five or more metal ions
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are complex oxides that contain five or more principal metal cations and have a single-phase crystal structure. The first HEO
High_entropy_oxide
Relationship between the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information entropy
concept of entropy is central, Shannon was persuaded to employ the same term 'entropy' for his measure of uncertainty. Information entropy is often presumed
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). The CSPRNG is seeded with entropy (a value that provides randomness) from environmental noise, collected
/dev/random
Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist (1844–1906)
law of thermodynamics. In 1877, he provided the current definition of entropy, S = k B ln Ω {\displaystyle S=k_{\rm {B}}\ln \Omega } , where Ω is the
Ludwig_Boltzmann
Use of the second law of thermodynamics to distinguish past from future
Entropy is one of the few quantities in the physical sciences that requires a particular direction for time, sometimes called an arrow of time. As one
Entropy_as_an_arrow_of_time
Concept
The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that
Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(statistical_thermodynamics)
Entropy of a process with only two probable values
In information theory, the binary entropy function, denoted H ( p ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {H} (p)} or H b ( p ) {\displaystyle \operatorname
Binary_entropy_function
Entropy of a system attributable to electrons' probabilistic occupation of states
Electronic entropy is the entropy of a system attributable to electrons' probabilistic occupation of states. This entropy can take a number of forms. The
Electronic_entropy
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these
Thermodynamics
Upper limit on entropy in physics
after Jacob Bekenstein) is an upper limit on the thermodynamic entropy S, or Shannon entropy H, that can be contained within a given finite region of space
Bekenstein_bound
Application of information theory to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
In physics, maximum entropy thermodynamics (colloquially, MaxEnt thermodynamics) views equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as inference
Maximum entropy thermodynamics
Maximum_entropy_thermodynamics
Physical quantity of hot and cold
including the macroscopic entropy, though microscopically referable to the Gibbs statistical mechanical definition of entropy for the canonical ensemble
Temperature
Interpretation of entropy as the change in arrangement of a system's particles
In thermodynamics, entropy is often associated with the amount of order or disorder in a thermodynamic system. This stems from Rudolf Clausius' 1862 assertion
Entropy_(order_and_disorder)
Entropy-vorticity waves (or sometimes entropy-vortex waves) refer to small-amplitude waves carried by the gas within which entropy, vorticity, density
Entropy-vorticity_wave
In information theory, the graph entropy is a measure of the information rate achievable by communicating symbols over a channel in which certain pairs
Graph_entropy
Cryptographic device
generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy, unlike a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that utilizes a deterministic
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Video game
Entropy was a space MMORPG video game developed by the Norwegian game studio Artplant, the company which created the MMORPG Battlestar Galactica Online
Entropy_(video_game)
Academic journal
Entropy is a monthly open access scientific journal covering research on all aspects of entropy and information theory. It was established in 1999 and
Entropy_(journal)
How many different types are in a dataset
proportional abundance of each class under a weighted geometric mean. The Rényi entropy, which adds the ability to freely vary the kind of weighted mean used.
Diversity_index
British non-profit architecture company
Beyond Entropy was a London-based non-profit limited company practicing architecture, urbanism, and cultural analysis. The company evolved from trans-disciplinary
Beyond_Entropy
Measure of relative information in quantum information theory
conditional quantum entropy is an entropy measure used in quantum information theory. It is a generalization of the conditional entropy of classical information
Conditional_quantum_entropy
Measure of connection disorder in a network
In network science, the network entropy is a disorder measure derived from information theory to describe the level of randomness and the amount of information
Network_entropy
Physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions
an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather
Entropic_force
Methods of estimating differential entropy given some observations
learning, and time delay estimation it is useful to estimate the differential entropy of a system or process, given some observations. The simplest and most
Entropy_estimation
Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation. The publication specifies the design principles and requirements for the entropy sources used
NIST_SP_800-90B
Fictional Character
increased by Nekron, making him more powerful than any of the Guardians. As Entropy, Krona was composed of anti-energy, could absorb others into his body,
Krona_(character)
Law of physics
fundamental law of physics that postulates that the universe started in a low-entropy state, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. The second
Past_hypothesis
Medical intervention
Entropy monitoring is a method of assessing the effect of certain anaesthetic drugs on the brain's EEG. It was commercially developed by Datex-Ohmeda
Entropy_monitoring
Physical quantity
and others. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef
Energy
Interpretation of entropy as a measure of the spread of energy
In thermodynamics, the interpretation of entropy as a measure of energy dispersal has been exercised against the background of the traditional view, introduced
Entropy_(energy_dispersal)
Pesin Entropy Formula is a fundamental theorem in ergodic theory and dynamical systems. It equates the Kolmogorov-Sinai (measure-theoretic) entropy of a
Pesin_Entropy_Formula
Concept in thermodynamics
In thermodynamics, enthalpy–entropy compensation is a specific example of the compensation effect. The compensation effect refers to the behavior of a
Enthalpy–entropy_compensation
Comparison of a wide range of entropies
different orders of magnitude of entropy. Heat capacity Joule per kelvin Orders of magnitude (data), relates to information entropy Order of magnitude (terminology)
Orders_of_magnitude_(entropy)
Standard entropy content of one mole of a substance under a standard state
In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of pure substance at a standard state of pressure and any temperature of interest
Standard_molar_entropy
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
numbers without an access to a dedicated hardware source, by scavenging entropy that is present in the computer system. See the details in True vs. pseudo-random
Random_number_generation
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
identically-distributed random variable, and the operational meaning of the Shannon entropy. Named after Claude Shannon, the source coding theorem shows that, in the
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Version of the second law of thermodynamics
0,} where ∮ d S Res {\displaystyle \oint dS_{\text{Res}}} is the total entropy change in the external thermal reservoirs (surroundings), δ Q {\displaystyle
Clausius_theorem
Type of random number generator
without the use of a dedicated hardware entropy source. An NPTRNG uses a non-physical noise source that obtains entropy from system data, such as outputs of
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
entropic vector or entropic function is a concept arising in information theory. It represents the possible values of Shannon's information entropy that
Entropic_vector
Unit of information
sometimes also nit or nepit, is a unit of information or information entropy, based on natural logarithms and powers of e, rather than the powers of
Nat_(unit)
Measure of particle positions within a system
In statistical mechanics, configuration entropy is the portion of a system's entropy that is related to discrete representative positions of its constituent
Configuration_entropy
Number representing system complexity
In mathematics, the topological entropy of a topological dynamical system is a nonnegative extended real number that is a measure of the complexity of
Topological_entropy
Branch of thermodynamics
be done locally, and the macroscopic entropy will then be given by the integral of the locally defined entropy density. It has been found that many systems
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
Subject of study in ergodic theory
crucial role in the construction of the measure-theoretic entropy of a dynamical system. The entropy of a partition Q {\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}} is defined
Measure-preserving dynamical system
Measure-preserving_dynamical_system
Computer data measurements and scales
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory. Entropy (information theory), such as the amount of information that can be stored in DNA Entropy (thermodynamics)
Orders_of_magnitude_(data)
Probability distribution that has the most entropy of a class
In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of
Maximum entropy probability distribution
Maximum_entropy_probability_distribution
1999 American film
Entropy is a 1999 American drama film directed by Phil Joanou, starring Stephen Dorff and featuring the Irish rock band U2. A largely autobiographical
Entropy_(film)
Theoretical Physics
gravity) that posits a quantitative relationship between the entanglement entropy of a conformal field theory and the geometry of an associated anti-de Sitter
Ryu–Takayanagi_conjecture
the joint entropy is simply the sum of their individual entropies. (Note: The joint entropy should not be confused with the cross entropy, despite similar
Quantities_of_information
Measure of disorder within thermodynamic systems
In classical thermodynamics, entropy (from Greek τρoπή (tropḗ) 'transformation') is a property of a thermodynamic system that expresses the direction
Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(classical_thermodynamics)
Dudley's entropy integral is a mathematical concept in the field of probability theory that describes a relationship involving the entropy of certain
Dudley's_entropy_integral
Non-parametric statistic on information transfer
entropy of X. The above definition of transfer entropy has been extended by other types of entropy measures such as Rényi entropy. Transfer entropy is
Transfer_entropy
Resistance of a password to being guessed
entropy desired for each one. Their answers vary between 29 bits of entropy needed if only online attacks are expected, and up to 96 bits of entropy needed
Password_strength
American online magazine (2014–2023)
Entropy was an online magazine that covered literary and related non-literary content. The magazine featured personal essays, reviews, experimental literature
Entropy_(magazine)
Theorem in statistical mathematics
relative probability that the entropy of a system which is currently away from thermodynamic equilibrium (i.e., maximum entropy) will increase or decrease
Fluctuation_theorem
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