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1939 painting by Wassily Kandinsky
Simple Complexity or Ambiguity is an abstract 1939 oil on canvas painting, produced by Wassily Kandinsky in Neuilly-sur-Seine in France. It was given
Simple_Complexity
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent
Cyclomatic_complexity
Design principle preferring simplicity
"keep it simple, silly", "keep it simple and straightforward", "keep it simple, soldier", and "keep it simple, sweetie". The acronym "Keep it simple, stupid"
KISS_principle
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly
Time_complexity
Feature of systems that defy description
as simple is relative and changes with time. Warren Weaver posited in 1948 two forms of complexity: disorganized complexity, and organized complexity. Phenomena
Complexity
Adage in human-computer interaction
exposed to the complexity. For example, should a software developer add complexity to the software code to make the interaction simpler for the user or
Law of conservation of complexity
Law_of_conservation_of_complexity
Unproven computational hardness assumption
In computational complexity theory, the exponential time hypothesis (ETH) states that satisfiability of 3-CNF Boolean formulas (3-SAT) cannot be solved
Exponential_time_hypothesis
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems
NP_(complexity)
State of being simple
Brothers Ambiguity aversion Concision Complexity Degree of difficulty Elegance KISS principle Minimalism Occam's razor Simple living Simplicity theory Simplification
Simplicity
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, a complexity class is a set of computational problems "of related resource-based complexity". The two most commonly
Complexity_class
Measure of algorithmic complexity
theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer
Kolmogorov_complexity
Major overpass on the northeastern stretch of 3rd Ring Road, Beijing, China
service, or auxiliary road, to the current Airport Expressway. The simple complexity of the overpass was tempting to tamper with, but in the 1990s, the
Sanyuan_Bridge
Type of computer science algorithm
that space complexity also has varied choices in whether or not to count the index lengths as part of the space used. Often, the space complexity is given
In-place_algorithm
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were
Irreducible_complexity
Software size estimation technique
and complexity of the use cases for the system. To find the UUCW for a system, each of the use cases must be identified and classified as Simple, Average
Use_case_points
Watch brand
2015-07-27. Retrieved 2019-03-07. "H. Moser & Cie.: The Practice of Simple Complexity – FHH Journal". journal.hautehorlogerie.org. Retrieved 2019-03-07
H._Moser_&_Cie.
Complexity class (logarithmic space)
In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE, LOGSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved
L_(complexity)
Person's perceived knowledge of themself
Self-complexity is a person's perceived knowledge of themself, based upon the number of distinct cognitive structures, or self-aspects, they believe to
Self-complexity
Application of complexity science to economics
generally, complexity economics models are often used to study how non-intuitive results at the macro-level of a system can emerge from simple interactions
Complexity_economics
Complexity class
Longest simple path Graph coloring; an application: register allocation in compilers Lists of problems Lists of unsolved problems Reduction (complexity) Unknowability
NP-hardness
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem
Communication_complexity
Concept in linguistics
of differential complexity, McWhorter argued that it is indeed creole languages, such as Saramaccan, that are structurally "much simpler than all but very
Language_complexity
Number and type of nodes and alternative paths that exist within a computer network
Network complexity is the number of nodes and alternative paths that exist within a computer network, as well as the variety of communication media, communications
Network_complexity
Application of complexity theory to strategy
Complexity theory and organizations, also called complexity strategy or complex adaptive organizations, is the use of the study of complexity systems
Complexity theory and organizations
Complexity_theory_and_organizations
Russian painter and art theorist (1866–1944)
scattered, coloured checker-boards contribute to its delicate complexity. This simple visual identification of forms and the main coloured masses present
Wassily_Kandinsky
Research psychometric
solutions in mixed-motive games than integratively simple thinkers. Declines in integrative complexity in diplomacy during times of crises is also a lead
Integrative_complexity
Class of computational complexity
}{=}}PSPACE}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, PSPACE is the set of all decision problems that can be solved
PSPACE
Concept in psychology
improbable if they are simpler to describe than to generate. Human individuals attach two complexity values to events: description complexity (see above definition)
Cognitive_complexity
System composed of many interacting components
when approached as a problem in simplicity by replacing organized complexity with simple and predictable spaces, such as Le Corbusier's "Radiant City" and
Complex_system
Specification for tiled web maps
gap between the very simple standard used by OpenStreetMap and the complexity of the Web Map Service standard, providing simple urls to tiles while also
Tile_Map_Service
Notion in combinatorial game theory
Combinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways: State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position)
Game_complexity
Computational complexity
in computer science In computational complexity theory, NL (Nondeterministic Logarithmic-space) is the complexity class containing decision problems that
NL_(complexity)
Book by Stephen Wolfram
instances of great complexity among its simplest cases (after a time series of multiple iterative loops, applying the same simple set of rules on itself
A_New_Kind_of_Science
Unsolved problem in computer science
could be automated. The relation between the complexity classes P and NP is studied in computational complexity theory, the part of the theory of computation
P_versus_NP_problem
Computational methods can study protein sequences to identify regions with low complexity, which can have particular properties regarding their function and structure
List of software to detect low complexity regions in proteins
List_of_software_to_detect_low_complexity_regions_in_proteins
Project complexity is the property of a project which makes it difficult to understand, foresee, and keep under control its overall behavior, even when
Project_complexity
Transformation of one computational problem to another
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a reduction is an algorithm for transforming one problem into another problem. A sufficiently
Reduction_(complexity)
Book by Gustave Flaubert
Flaubert's exploration of the complexities of human emotions through distinct narrative styles. "A Simple Heart", or Un cœur simple in French, has been described
Three_Tales_(Flaubert)
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
greater) operations, even for the simple case of power of two sizes, although no algorithms with lower complexity are known. In particular, the count
Fast_Fourier_transform
Notable football skills and tactics
for playing association football. In theory, association football is a simple sport, as illustrated by Kevin Keegan's assertion that his tactics for winning
Association_football_tactics
Sporadic simple group
to give a good constructive definition of the monster because of its complexity. Martin Gardner wrote a popular account of the monster group in his June
Monster_group
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, Polynomial Local Search (PLS) is a complexity class that models the difficulty of finding a locally optimal solution
PLS_(complexity)
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Class of algorithms in computational geometry
time complexity. The earliest one was introduced by Kirkpatrick and Seidel in 1986 (who called it "the ultimate convex hull algorithm"). A much simpler algorithm
Convex_hull_algorithms
Framework for scoring a behavior's complexity
It enables scoring the hierarchical complexity of task accomplishment in any domain. It is based on the very simple notions that higher order task actions:
Model of hierarchical complexity
Model_of_hierarchical_complexity
Conceptual beauty that shows unusual effectiveness and simplicity
ratio of problem complexity to that of solution complexity. Thus a simple (low complexity) solution to a problem of high complexity is seen as elegant
Elegance
Creationist argument by William Dembski
organisms are distinguished by their specified complexity. Crystals are usually taken as the prototypes of simple well-specified structures, because they consist
Specified_complexity
Conceptual framework
simultaneously, what is complex and what is simple are relative and change in time. Contemporary usage of the term complexity specifically refers to sociologic
Social_complexity
Given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems
In computational complexity theory, the time hierarchy theorems are important statements about time-bounded computation on Turing machines. Informally
Time_hierarchy_theorem
Algorithmic runtime requirements for matrix multiplication
in computer science In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix
Computational complexity of matrix multiplication
Computational_complexity_of_matrix_multiplication
Length of expression as combination of 1s
In number theory, the complexity of an integer is the smallest number of ones that can be used to represent it using ones and any number of additions,
Integer_complexity
Class in computational complexity theory
}{=}}{\mathsf {P}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, the class NC (for Nick's class) is the set of decision problems
NC_(complexity)
Numerical measure of program structure
better known for introducing cyclomatic complexity. McCabe defined essential complexity as the cyclomatic complexity of the reduced CFG (control-flow graph)
Essential_complexity
Approach to the study of finite semigroups and automata
between finite automata and semigroups. Decidability of Krohn-Rhodes complexity long motivated much work in semigroup theory. In June 2024, Stuart Margolis
Krohn–Rhodes_theory
Theory of software design
which "worse" designs seem to outcompete better ones. The essay argues simple, hacked-together software that makes it to market first will often outcompete
Worse_is_better
System whose behavior is not automatically predictable from its parts
complex organisms that inhabit the right-hand tail of the complexity distribution and ignoring simpler and much more common organisms. This passive model emphasizes
Complex_adaptive_system
Decision-making framework
people's behaviour. The framework draws on research into systems theory, complexity theory, network theory, and learning theories. The idea of the Cynefin
Cynefin_framework
Data structures used in spatial indexing
variant of the R-tree is worst-case optimal, but due to its increased complexity it has remained confined to theoretical study and has not received much
R-tree
Detailing added to make models appear more complex
production of Star Wars, many ship models began as simple shapes that were given visual complexity by attaching greebles taken from commercially-available
Greeble
Philosophical problem-solving principle
economic forecasts from simple and complex forecasting methods. None of the papers provided a balance of evidence that complexity of method improved forecast
Occam's_razor
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
Bernard A. Galler and Michael J. Fischer in 1964. In 1973, their time complexity was bounded to O ( log ∗ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(\log ^{*}(n))} , the
Disjoint-set_data_structure
OV in complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, the Orthogonal Vectors (OV) problem is a fundamental problem that is used to prove conditional lower bounds under the
Orthogonal_vectors_problem
American fiber artist and weaver (born 1926)
Merrill (2016), Fresno Art Museum, Fresno, California Kay Sekimachi Simple Complexity: Works from the Forrest L. Merrill Collection (2016-2017) at the Craft
Kay_Sekimachi
Visual programming language for system dynamics modeling
26, 2022. Hallgrímsson, B. (July–August 1997). "Simulation Made Simple". Complexity. 2 (6): 38–40. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199707/08)2:6<38::AID-CPLX8>3
STELLA_(programming_language)
Tissue lining the surfaces of organs in animals
arranged in a singular layer of cells as simple epithelium, either simple squamous, simple columnar, or simple cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells
Epithelium
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
French computer scientist (born 1955)
of algorithms, such as linear-time triangulation of a simple polygon, as well as major complexity results, such as lower bound techniques based on discrepancy
Bernard_Chazelle
Theorem in computational complexity theory
Simple Proof of Toda's Theorem". Theory of Computing. 5: 135–140. doi:10.4086/toc.2009.v005a007. Arora, Sanjeev; Barak, Boaz (2009). "17. Complexity of
Toda's_theorem
Complexity class of approximable problems
In computational complexity theory, the class APX (an abbreviation of "approximable") is the set of NP optimization problems that allow polynomial-time
APX
Classification of algorithm
involved in the complexity of fast matrix multiplication usually make these algorithms impractical." Claude Shannon showed a simple but asymptotically
Galactic_algorithm
Concept of art that can be described by a computer program
Low-complexity art was described by Jürgen Schmidhuber in 1997, defined as art that can be described by a short computer program (that is, a computer program
Low-complexity_art
Algorithmic complexity class
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class EXPTIME (sometimes called EXP or DEXPTIME) is the set of all decision problems that are solvable
EXPTIME
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class FL is the set of function problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine in a
FL_(complexity)
Simple sorting algorithm using comparisons
its O(n2) complexity means that its efficiency decreases dramatically on lists of more than a small number of elements. Even among simple O(n2) sorting
Bubble_sort
Computational complexity class of problems
In computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (BQP) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial
BQP
Aspect of music
increased complexity to disrupt the sense of a regular beat, leading eventually to the widespread use of irrational rhythms in New Complexity. This use
Rhythm
Measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of gene sequences
word sizes 1 to m can be calculated according to the simple formula . This sequence analysis complexity calculation can be used to search for conserved regions
Linguistic sequence complexity
Linguistic_sequence_complexity
Algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure
Carlo algorithms are considered, and several complexity classes are studied. The most basic randomized complexity class is RP, which is the class of decision
Randomized_algorithm
2018 video game
confirmed to return in The Witcher IV. However, it is likely to be of simpler complexity than the standalone, akin to The Witcher 3 Gwent, to make the minigame
Gwent:_The_Witcher_Card_Game
connection between various complexity classes. Proof of BPQ in AWPP. Fenner, Stephen A. (2003). "PP-lowness and a simple definition of AWPP". Theory
AWPP
2008 single by Lupe Fiasco
making money. Author Charlotte Pence argues that Fiasco achieves simple complexity in the song, rebelling against simplistic lyrics while simultaneously
Hip_Hop_Saved_My_Life
Calculations of the game complexity of Go
Go). Generalized Go is played on n × n boards, and the computational complexity of determining the winner in a given position of generalized Go depends
Go_and_mathematics
Measures of how efficiently algorithms use resources
respectively. Usually the resource being considered is running time, i.e. time complexity, but could also be memory or some other resource. Best case is the function
Best,_worst_and_average_case
A simple programmable logic device (SPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity below that of a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The
Simple programmable logic device
Simple_programmable_logic_device
Quantum Merlin Arthur
abbreviation for Quantum Merlin Arthur, refers to a complexity class in computational complexity theory. It is the set of all formal languages that satisfy
QMA
Model of computation
In computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, a Boolean circuit is a mathematical model for combinational digital logic circuits. A formal
Boolean_circuit
the complexity of various railway systems, their timetables and difference in schedule administration between countries. To keep the list simple, only
Longest_train_services
Data structure
it works well in secondary storage devices. Searching becomes extremely simple because all records are stored only in the leaf node and are sorted sequentially
B+_tree
Self-replicating cellular automaton
machine whose complexity could grow automatically akin to biological organisms under natural selection. He asked what is the threshold of complexity that must
Von Neumann universal constructor
Von_Neumann_universal_constructor
Algorithm that arranges lists in order
attracted a great deal of research, perhaps due to the complexity of solving it efficiently despite its simple, familiar statement. Among the authors of early
Sorting_algorithm
In computational complexity theory, Håstad's switching lemma is a key tool for proving lower bounds on the size of constant-depth Boolean circuits. It
Switching_lemma
Self-balancing binary search tree
implementation is usually called the "join-based" implementation. The complexity of each of union, intersection and difference is O(mlog(nm+1)) for AVL
AVL_tree
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to understand and analyse the computational
Proof_complexity
Source code in computing for troubleshooting
as small and as simple as possible, such that it is just sufficient to demonstrate the problem, but without any additional complexity or dependencies
Minimal_reproducible_example
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class TFNP is the class of total function problems that can be solved in nondeterministic polynomial
TFNP
Study of resources used by an algorithm
the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to
Analysis_of_algorithms
Crescenzi, G. Gambosi, V. Kann, A. Marchetti-Spaccamela, and M. Protasi. Complexity and Approximation: Combinatorial optimization problems and their approximability
Fully polynomial-time approximation scheme
Fully_polynomial-time_approximation_scheme
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
Kantor, William; Luks, Eugene (1983), "Computational complexity and the classification of finite simple groups", Proceedings of the 24th Annual Symposium
Graph_isomorphism_problem
Underground animal home dug in soft dirt
constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting
Burrow
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