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Numerical measure of program structure
better known for introducing cyclomatic complexity. McCabe defined essential complexity as the cyclomatic complexity of the reduced CFG (control-flow graph)
Essential_complexity
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent
Cyclomatic_complexity
1986 paper on software project management
different types of complexity: accidental complexity and essential complexity. This is related to Aristotle's classification. Accidental complexity relates to
No_Silver_Bullet
Attribute of a software system
needed] Domain-driven design can help minimize accidental complexity. Essential complexity is caused by the characteristics of the problem to be solved
Programming_complexity
Faulty software abstraction
usage of git. Abstraction inversion Dependency inversion principle Essential complexity Modular programming Separation of concerns Seibel, Peter (1 November
Leaky_abstraction
1975 software engineering book by Fred Brooks
The argument relies on the distinction between accidental complexity and essential complexity, similar to the way Amdahl's law relies on the distinction
The_Mythical_Man-Month
View that entities have identifying attributes
Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their identity. In early Western thought, Platonic idealism held that
Essentialism
Branch of computational complexity theory
In computer science, parameterized complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory that focuses on classifying computational problems according
Parameterized_complexity
Type of computer science algorithm
that space complexity also has varied choices in whether or not to count the index lengths as part of the space used. Often, the space complexity is given
In-place_algorithm
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem
Communication_complexity
Path of execution between decisions
block Basis path testing and its ancillary articles Cyclomatic complexity Essential complexity Code coverage White-box testing Huang, J.C. (September 1975)
Decision-to-decision_path
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were
Irreducible_complexity
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
Bernard A. Galler and Michael J. Fischer in 1964. In 1973, their time complexity was bounded to O(log∗(n)), the iterated logarithm of n, by Hopcroft and
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Theorem about a certain class of control-flow graphs
the ideal of being a structured program; McCabe called his measure essential complexity. McCabe's characterization of the forbidden graphs for structured
Structured_program_theorem
Conceptual beauty that shows unusual effectiveness and simplicity
which means the number and complexity of hypotheses, and parsimony (ontological simplicity), which is the number and complexity of things postulated. In
Elegance
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
of sparse (mostly zero) factors. As a result, it manages to reduce the complexity of computing the DFT from O(n2), which arises if one simply applies the
Fast_Fourier_transform
Approach to the study of finite semigroups and automata
between finite automata and semigroups. Decidability of Krohn-Rhodes complexity long motivated much work in semigroup theory. In June 2024, Stuart Margolis
Krohn–Rhodes_theory
Subset of evolutionary computation
Evolutionary algorithms (EA) reproduce essential elements of biological evolution in a computer algorithm in order to solve "difficult" problems, at least
Evolutionary_algorithm
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
Cyber Essentials is integrated into the organisation's information risk management. The cost for the Plus accreditation is dependent on the complexity of
Cyber_Essentials
Video compression standard
MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC), standardized as ISO/IEC 23094-1, is a video compression standard that has been completed in April 2020 by decision
Essential_Video_Coding
Method of determining a point in 3D space
of some parameters. This means that both the computation time and the complexity of the operations involved may vary between the different methods. Each
Triangulation (computer vision)
Triangulation_(computer_vision)
compensate for different glass sizes and thicknesses. The precision and complexity of the calculations and measurements executed by the software allow designers
Digital ceramic printing on glass
Digital_ceramic_printing_on_glass
Proof checkable by a randomized algorithm
of the proof using randomness in an essential way. Probabilistically checkable proofs give rise to many complexity classes depending on the number of queries
Probabilistically checkable proof
Probabilistically_checkable_proof
Improved phase-locked loop
to measure the phase, while multibit PLLs use more bits. PLLs are an essential component in telecommunications. Multibit PLLs achieve improved efficiency
PLL_multibit
generality defined by Alexander Merkurjev. Basically, essential dimension measures the complexity of algebraic structures via their fields of definition
Essential_dimension
Recursive algorithm in graph theory
weights. It was proposed by Mechthild Stoer and Frank Wagner in 1995. The essential idea of this algorithm is to shrink the graph by merging the most intensive
Stoer–Wagner_algorithm
barriers. A simplification of the problem, which encapsulates most of its essential features, makes the target region be the origin of the plane, and the
Barrier_resilience
Algorithm used in relational databases
interleaved linear scans will encounter these sets at the same time. The essential principle is implemented, for example, by the traditional Unix join command
Sort-merge_join
Solution to algorithmic problem
engines, and molecular phylogenetics research software. The worst-case complexity for this algorithm is O(n2 log n), but in practice O(n log n) is rather
Hunt–Szymanski_algorithm
Large-scale project of Bangladesh
Bangladesh, i.e. projects characterized by large investment commitment, vast complexity (especially in organizational terms), and long-lasting impact on the economy
List of megaprojects in Bangladesh
List_of_megaprojects_in_Bangladesh
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
NP-complete – this is the Cook–Levin theorem. This means that all problems in the complexity class NP, which includes a wide range of natural decision and optimization
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Type of image
{\displaystyle O(N)} time complexity. This saliency map algorithm has O ( N ) {\displaystyle O(N)} time complexity. Since the computational time
Saliency_map
Systems analysis technique
event-partitioning approach is explained by Stephen M. McMenamin and John F. Palmer in Essential Systems Analysis. A brief version of the approach is described in the
Event_partitioning
Unpredictable phenomenon in complex systems
Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties
Emergence
common for the Northern Territory, so that its two senators are also essential to providing that territory with balanced representation. Constituency
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
Issues_affecting_the_single_transferable_vote
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
for project management to be effective. Complexity can be: Structural complexity (also known as detail complexity, or complicatedness), i.e. consisting
Project_management
Japanese painter
the 1980s, his painting evolved towards greater chromatic and material complexity. In the later works inspired by the Odyssey, his research focused on the
Horiki_Katsutomi
French philosopher and sociologist (1921–2026)
of the theory of information who has been recognised for his work on complexity and Complex Thought, and for his scholarly contributions to such diverse
Edgar_Morin
positive project complexity proposed by Stefan Morcov, and to the antifragility concept proposed by Nicolas Taleb. Positive complexity generates project
Opportunity_management
Algorithm used for pathfinding and graph traversal
from source to goal. One major practical drawback is its O(bd) space complexity where d is the depth of the shallowest solution (the length of the shortest
A*_search_algorithm
Matrix normal form
it also has an entry 0 at position (k,jt), which is useful though not essential for the algorithm). This new entry β divides the entry a t , j t {\displaystyle
Smith_normal_form
Software size estimation technique
number and complexity of use cases. Unadjusted Actor Weight (UAW) – the point size of the software that accounts for the number and complexity of actors
Use_case_points
Theory of thinking and learning as forms of communication
of the other one keep moving the whole system toward an ever greater complexity". Studies of how children individualize numerical routines have examined
Commognition
Clinic Called Hope looks at the situation of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and the complexity of making widespread treatment viable. "Port Hope: A Question of Power"
List of The Nature of Things episodes
List_of_The_Nature_of_Things_episodes
Mixture of fragrant substance
analysis arises due to the complexity of a perfume's ingredients. This is particularly due to the presence of natural essential oils and other ingredients
Perfume
Regular expression denial-of-service attack
A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) is an algorithmic complexity attack that produces a denial-of-service by providing a regular expression
ReDoS
Graph with equal-size maximal independent sets
sub-classes and complexity results (Doctoral dissertation), University of Alberta Sankaranarayana, Ramesh S.; Stewart, Lorna K. (1992), "Complexity results for
Well-covered_graph
British scientist
ISBN 9780198539568 Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity Barrow, John D.; Tipler, Frank J. (1986). The Anthropic Cosmological Principle
John_D._Barrow
Special-purpose map to show geological features
geological mapping project covers an area with unique lithologies and complexities, and every geologist has a unique style of mapping, no software is perfect
Geological_map
Concept in genetics
genome projects allow the identification of the most essential genes and a reduction of genetic complexity, making engineered strains more predictable. Industrially
Minimal_genome
Molecular biology technique
compared to other methods. The DArT is broken down into three essential steps: Complexity reduction, genomic representation, and DArT assay. This step
Diversity_arrays_technology
Species of venomous snake
natrix. The common adder is found in different terrains, habitat complexity being essential for different aspects of its behaviour. It feeds on small mammals
Adder
2006 book by Nikos Salingaros
the built environment, using mathematics, thermodynamics, Darwinism, complexity theory and cognitive sciences. He postulates that cross-cultural universals
A_Theory_of_Architecture
Probabilistic primality test
< n − 1. For testing arbitrarily large n, choosing bases at random is essential, as we don't know the distribution of witnesses and strong liars among
Miller–Rabin_primality_test
Health insurance marketplace in California, U.S.
Covered California is a part of the Affordable Care Act, there are some essential health benefits that the insurance companies must offer to consumers.
Covered_California
Systems theory of change in complexity
minimum amount of complexity, and that attempting to "push down" the complexity of such a system in one place will invariably cause complexity to "pop up" elsewhere
Waterbed_theory
many Spanish-speaking countries, the figure of the gestor is essential due to the complexity of administrative systems that often require specialized knowledge
Gestor
8-speed automatic from 2008
to 0.2 seconds. In order to avoid a further increase in manufacturing complexity while expanding the number of gear ratios, ZF switched from the conventional
ZF_8HP_transmission
American professional esports player (1989–2020)
3rd–4th Place 2013 Innkeeper's Invitational Miesner, Andrew. "Complexity Gaming". Complexity Gaming. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved
Reckful
Speed web pages are downloaded and displayed
remove non-essential header information and lower original image quality on many high resolution images. These changes, such as pixel complexity or color
Web_performance
hemisphere (so-called "Indians") had various levels of socioeconomic complexities. The most complex and extensive at the time of European contact were
Economic history of Latin America
Economic_history_of_Latin_America
Algorithm for the minimization of Boolean functions
function. Use those prime implicants in a prime implicant chart to find the essential prime implicants of the function, as well as other prime implicants that
Quine–McCluskey_algorithm
Her voice was an instrument and she knew how to use it. With the same complexity as someone who has mastered the violin or the piano, Whitney mastered
Cultural impact of Whitney Houston
Cultural_impact_of_Whitney_Houston
Level of ease with which a reader can understand written text
natural language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation (such as typographic
Readability
Ancient Egyptian religious festivities
difficult art requiring around ten years of study. It is probable that this complexity produced a break between the mass of the Egyptian people and the priests
Mysteries_of_Osiris
2026 film by Christopher Nolan
impressed by the scope of Nolan's project. Its beauty is undeniable; the complexity of its shooting is overwhelming. Elsewhere, some reviewers found places
The_Odyssey_(2026_film)
History of a New York City Subway line
as well as having significant property impacts, increased construction complexity and cost, and increased travel times resulting from slower operating speeds
Construction of the Second Avenue Subway
Construction_of_the_Second_Avenue_Subway
Notable football skills and tactics
goalkeeper, which makes passing an integral part of the game. In terms of complexity, lower levels of the game such as youth, amateur, and semi-professional
Association_football_tactics
on their struggle for liberty, their commitment to free trade, and the essential role of cotton in the European economy. Most European leaders were unimpressed
Diplomacy of the American Civil War
Diplomacy_of_the_American_Civil_War
North Vietnamese and Viet Cong tactics in the Vietnam War
informed at the last feasible moment. Echelons of attack: Depending on the complexity of the attack, numerous sub-divisions might be involved. Local guerrillas
NLF_and_PAVN_battle_tactics
Study of organisms and their environment
S2CID 40349801. Loehle, C. (2004). "Challenges of ecological complexity". Ecological Complexity. 1 (1): 3–6. Bibcode:2004EcoCm...1....3.. doi:10.1016/j.ecocom
Ecology
Method used in supply chain management
suppliers of a company by dividing them into four classes, based on the complexity (or risk) of the supply market (such as monopoly situations, barriers
Kraljic_matrix
Approach to understanding the human brain
network representations is that they can describe and uncover higher-level complexity in terms of the interaction perspective and further identify the overall
Network_neuroscience
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
around 2000 essential genes (~10% of their genes). The synthetic organism, Syn 3, has a minimal genome of 473 essential genes and quasi-essential genes (necessary
Gene
Languages associated with scientific research
Nevertheless, significant criticism was still addressed at a few remaining complexities of the language, as well as its lack of scientific purpose and technical
Languages_of_science
song, one that announces 'There's a place for us.' Knopfler adds further complexity to the lyrics by having Romeo repeat this Juliet's words back to her:
List of songs based on literary works
List_of_songs_based_on_literary_works
350–534 series of wars in India
backdrop of other challenges to the empire's stability, highlighting the complexity of the political landscape during his reign. Skandagupta's achievement
Hunnic_Wars
HPV Vaccination program in Japan
and reported on the ongoing HPV vaccine litigation, highlighting the complexity of medical evidence, psychosocial factors, and public perception surrounding
HPV_vaccination_in_Japan
Malaysian law to abolish mandatory death penalty
the government must consider the views of all stakeholders, given the complexity and sensitivity of the issue. On 4 July 2019 during the Dewan Rakyat sitting
Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023
Abolition_of_Mandatory_Death_Penalty_Act_2023
(and arrangement) of the spindles. Despite the latter increasing the complexity in frame structure, the core spinning mechanism was not altered. The Garabo
History of science and technology in Japan
History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan
Diagnosis of disease that will never cause symptoms or death during a patient's lifetime
PMID 17494935. Lam, Yee (June 2020). "Bone Tumors: Benign Bone Tumors". FP Essentials. 493: 11–21. PMID 32573182. Stachs, Angrit; Stubert, Johannes; Reimer
Overdiagnosis
Form of literary device
rhythmic, structural, metrical, verbal, and visual elements. They are essential tools that a poet uses to create rhythm, enhance a poem's meaning, or
Poetic_device
1992 novel by Dorothy Allison
Bone and her mother's husband, Glen Waddell. The novel examines the complexities of mother–child relationships, as well as conditions of class, race,
Bastard_Out_of_Carolina
Setting of works by Jane Austen
in contrast, expands on Darcy’s role, with added scenes revealing a complexity of character that is only hinted at in the novel. The visual medium is
Jane Austen's literary universe
Jane_Austen's_literary_universe
History of the Italian city
settlements along the coast, built mostly during the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Essential for the development of Tergeste in Roman times was Via Flavia – the road
History_of_Trieste
1992 studio album by Pale Saints
of Trouser Press called In Ribbons "alluring and attractive, rich in complexity and raw emotion." Martin C. Strong wrote that "the subtlety of its shredding
In_Ribbons
It includes complex algebraic geometry and complex analytic geometry. Complexity theory the study of complex systems with the inclusion of the theory of
Glossary of areas of mathematics
Glossary_of_areas_of_mathematics
Liqueur made from lemons, liquor, and sugar
maximizes extraction of the lemon flavor, whereas darker alcohols add complexity of flavor. Many commercial brands of lemon liqueur are produced in Italy
Lemon_liqueur
1766 travel book by Tobias Smollett
of Horace Walpole, ambassador to France 1763–1765, an observer of the complexity of cultural relations between France and Great Britain in the 18th century
Travels Through France and Italy
Travels_Through_France_and_Italy
American musician (born 1992)
critic Ann Powers wrote, "Red Trees and White Trashes has the heft and complexity to likely earn a few Grammy nominations; but it's also obvious that Wells
Jesse_Welles
Scottish psychiatric social worker & psychoanalyst (1911-1988)
Bowlby's book, Attachment and Loss, there is a passing reference to the complexities of the institutional situation, and a disappointing emphasis on the assertion
James Robertson (psychoanalyst)
James_Robertson_(psychoanalyst)
Australian legislation
than a machete, to adjust to social media's "changing landscape and its complexity". The leaders of other states and territories gave their support to Malinauskas's
Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024
Online_Safety_Amendment_(Social_Media_Minimum_Age)_Act_2024
Organisational management method
has caused the environments of organisations to dynamically and grow in complexity. Especially the digital transformation and post-pandemic developments
Experimental organisational development
Experimental_organisational_development
Proof method
Kolmogorov complexity theory, named for Andrey Kolmogorov. One of the first uses of the incompressibility method with Kolmogorov complexity in the theory
Incompressibility_method
2007 film by Vadim Perelman
overblown melodrama, which oversteps its mark with pretensions of narrative complexity and social currency". Others criticized the film's narrative structure
The_Life_Before_Her_Eyes
Description of a system using mathematical concepts and language
its essential idea being that among models with roughly equal predictive power, the simplest one is the most desirable. While added complexity usually
Mathematical_model
Comic book superheroine
abilities are extensive, they are constrained by her concentration and the complexity of the transformations she performs. Overuse or attempting highly intricate
Atom_Eve
Abstract machine that models computation
In computational complexity theory, an interactive proof system is an abstract machine that models computation as the exchange of messages between two
Interactive_proof_system
Intelligence in machines
Computational learning theory can assess learners by computational complexity, sample complexity (how much data is required), or other notions of optimisation
Artificial_intelligence
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ESSENTIAL COMPLEXITY
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ESSENTIAL COMPLEXITY
ESSENTIAL COMPLEXITY
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