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Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
Self-reference is a concept that involves referring to oneself or one's own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics
Self-reference
Psychological model
The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on whether they are implicated in the information. When
Self-reference_effect
Relationship between objects
terms of mental processing, a self-reference is used in psychology to establish identification with a mental state during self-analysis. This seeks to allow
Reference
Method of organizing information in one's memory
the effect of self-reference on memory. In essence, researchers have investigated the potential mnemonic properties of self-reference. Research includes
Self-referential_encoding
Type of self reference
Meta-reference (or metareference) is a category of self-reference occurring in media or media artifacts such as texts, films, paintings, TV series, comic
Meta-reference
Statement in mathematical logic
(also known as diagonalization lemma, self-reference lemma or fixed point theorem) establishes the existence of self-referential sentences in certain formal
Diagonal_lemma
1998 Canadian Supreme Court case on the ability of Quebec to legally secede from Canada
Reference Re Secession of Quebec, [1998] 2 SCR 217, often referred to as the Secession Reference, is a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada
Reference Re Secession of Quebec
Reference_Re_Secession_of_Quebec
Humor that alludes to itself
books on the subject of self-reference; the term meta has come to be used, particularly in art, to refer to something that is self-referential. Meta-jokes
Self-referential_humor
Individual person as the object of its own reflective consciousness
third-person reference. Personal identity can be impaired in late-stage Alzheimer's disease and in other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the self is distinguishable
Self
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
are false. While constructed to avoid self-reference, there is no consensus whether it relies on self-reference or not. Opposite Day: "It is opposite
List_of_paradoxes
Series of references where the last object references the first
that self-reference is a necessary consequence of Aristotle's law of non-contradiction, a fundamental philosophical axiom. In this view, without self-reference
Circular_reference
Word puzzle
A self-reference puzzle is a type of logical puzzle where the question in the puzzle refers to the attributes of the puzzle itself. A common example is
Self-reference_puzzle
Formula that visually represents itself when graphed
Tupper's self-referential formula is a formula that visually represents itself when graphed at a specific location in the (x, y) plane. The formula was
Tupper's self-referential formula
Tupper's_self-referential_formula
Whole of an object being mathematically similar to part of itself
Non-well-founded set theory Recursion Self-dissimilarity Self-reference Self-replication Self-similarity of network data analysis Self-similar process Teragon Tessellation
Self-similarity
Logically self-contradictory statement
levels of abstraction. Self-reference occurs when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. Although statements can be self referential without being
Paradox
Literary device in Tolkien's fiction
if the story were already written". Flieger writes that this is "the most self-referential and post-modern moment in the entire book", since it constitutes
Tolkien's_frame_stories
Index of articles associated with the same name
degree", or "without self-reference", as in first-order logic and other logic uses, where it is contrasted with "allowing some self-reference" (higher-order
First-order
Prefix in English derived from Greek
Themas), popularized this meaning of the term. The book, which deals with self-reference and strange loops, and touches on Quine and his work, was influential
Meta_(prefix)
Epistemologically probative proposition
§ Self-evident truth and self-evident falsehood Axiom Contradiction Foundationalism Introspection Law of identity Primitive notion Self-reference Self-refuting
Self-evidence
Rhetorical device in the Qur'an
seeks to question the way in which the Quran self-designates itself and the purpose of these self-references. The Quran uses several terms to designate
Self-referential discourse of the Quran
Self-referential_discourse_of_the_Quran
Word that expresses a property it also possesses
contradiction. This is now known as the Grelling-Nelson paradox. Aptronym Self-reference Appendix:English autological terms on Wiktionary "homological", The
Autological_word
Japanese author
a full-time writer. In 2006, he submitted his science fiction novel Self-Reference ENGINE, made up of a number of related short works, to be considered
Toh_EnJoe
Attempt to refute the doomsday argument
The self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal is an attempt to refute the doomsday argument (that there is a credible link between the brevity of the
Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal
Object that exists in the imagination
in semiconductor theory. A reference that names an imaginary source is in some sense also a self-reference. A self-reference automatically makes a comment
Object_of_the_mind
British philosopher and filmmaker
explores problems of self-reference and non-realist metaphysics. In Reflexivity: The Post-Modern Predicament (1985), he argued that self-referential paradoxes
Hilary_Lawson
2003 film by Patty Jenkins
plastic surgery. In 2014, on Saturday Night Live, Charlize Theron made a self-reference to her role of Aileen Wuornos. In the sketch Pet Rescue Commercial,
Monster_(2003_film)
Mental thought-suppression game
among people who are less familiar with London stations, it morphed into its self-referential form. The creators of "LoseTheGame.net", a website which aims
The_Game_(mind_game)
Biological memory process in organisms
the word pairs. Research illustrates that the self-reference effect aids encoding. The self-reference effect is the idea that individuals will encode
Encoding_(memory)
Topics referred to by the same term
(disambiguation) Self-reference Terms of reference Web indexing All pages with titles beginning with Reference All pages with titles containing reference For Wikipedia's
Reference_(disambiguation)
Acronym whose expansion includes a copy of itself
redundantly coupled with its word(s) (Redundant Acronym Syndrome syndrome) Self-reference – Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself TLA, the three-letter
Recursive_acronym
1979 book by Douglas Hofstadter
meaningful context from the "meaningless" elements that compose a system; self-reference and formal rules; isomorphism; the meaning of communication; how knowledge
Gödel,_Escher,_Bach
Recency effect Rhyme-as-reason effect Ringelmann effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Self-reference effect Serial position effect Simon effect Sleeper effect
List_of_psychological_effects
Literary device where the author writes themself into their fictional story
appearance in performing art Self-parody – Parody of oneself Self-portrait – Portrait of an artist made by that artist Self-reference – Sentence, idea or formula
Self-insertion
Thought experiment in logic
focus on "truth values", for example by identifying it as paradox of self-reference. Epistemological studies of the paradox instead focus on issues relating
Unexpected_hanging_paradox
Paradox revealing a problem with self-reference in logic
The Epimenides paradox has to do with self-reference in logic. It is named after the Cretan philosopher Epimenides of Knossos (alive circa 600 BC) who
Epimenides_paradox
Mental picture of self that comes from different sources
Self-image is the mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to
Self-image
Symbolic serpent with its tail in its mouth
autopoietic calculus for self-reference, or self-indication, the logical processual notation for analysing and explaining self-producing autonomous systems
Ouroboros
Adage referring to time estimates
Hofstadter's law is a self-referential adage, coined by Douglas Hofstadter in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979) to describe
Hofstadter's_law
Biological processes that underlie human's perception of self-understanding
humans with the ability to self-reflect. The insular cortex is also thought to be involved in the process of self-reference. The sense of embodiment is
Neural_basis_of_self
Process of forming order by local interactions
Self-organization, also called spontaneous order in the social sciences, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between
Self-organization
Psychological model of memory
remembered better. Familiarity, transfer-appropriate processing, the self-reference effect, and the explicit nature of a stimulus modify the levels-of-processing
Levels_of_processing_model
False belief of emitting pungent body odors
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting
Olfactory_reference_syndrome
1972 book by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela
field of second-order cybernetics, which often dealt with themes of self-reference and feedback loops. The book is the 42nd volume in the series Boston
Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living
Autopoiesis_and_Cognition:_The_Realization_of_the_Living
Cycles going through a hierarchy
one finds oneself back where one started. Strange loops may involve self-reference and paradox. The concept of a strange loop was proposed and extensively
Strange_loop
Mental state of a reduced perception of self-awareness
Self-disorder, also called ipseity disturbance (/ɪpˈsiɪti/ ip-SEE-ih-tee), is a psychological phenomenon of disruption or diminishing of a person's minimal
Self-disorder
Demonym for New Zealanders
"Kiwi" (/ˈkiːwi/ KEE-wee) is a common self-reference used by New Zealanders, though it is also used internationally. The label is generally viewed as a
Kiwi_(nickname)
Prominent English football hooligan firm
usually as they aged up, was to membership in "F-Troup". The term of self-reference among the Millwall southeast London territorial members is "geezer"
Millwall_Bushwackers
Whipping oneself as part of a religious ritual
Self-flagellation is the disciplinary and devotional practice of flogging oneself with whips or other instruments that inflict pain. In Christianity, self-flagellation
Self-flagellation
Self-reference paradox
knower paradox is a paradox belonging to the family of the paradoxes of self-reference (like the liar paradox). Informally, it consists in considering a sentence
Knower_paradox
Intentional injury to one's body
cutting, self-abuse, self-injury, and self-mutilation have been used for any self-harming behavior regardless of suicidal intent. Common forms of self-harm
Self-harm
Latin phrase meaning 'continuing forever'
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mathematical induction Recursion Self-reference "The Song That Never Ends" Turtles all the way down Swift, Jonathan
Ad_infinitum
Software that can produce new versions of itself
Dogfooding Futamura projection Self-interpreter Self-reference Indirect self-modification Heaton, Robert. "What is a self-hosting compiler?". robertheaton
Self-hosting_(compilers)
Circular relationships between cause and effect
sociology more broadly—the field of origin—reflexivity means an act of self-reference where existence engenders examination, by which the thinking action
Reflexivity_(social_theory)
On the smallest non-interesting number
that make use of self-reference (such as Gödel's incompleteness theorems), the paradox illustrates some of the power of self-reference, and thus touches
Interesting_number_paradox
Concept in physics
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behavior thus displays
Self-organized_criticality
Act or mindset of putting things above one's own needs
Self-denial (related but different from self-abnegation or self-sacrifice) is an act of letting go of the self as with altruistic abstinence – the willingness
Self-denial
American philosopher and psychologist
has focused on the theory of reflexivity, self-referential argumentation, and the metatheory of reference and identification. In clinical psychology
Steven_James_Bartlett
Independent education without the guidance of teachers
Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) or self-education (also self-learning, self-study, and self-teaching) is the practice of education without the guidance
Autodidacticism
Colloquial demonym of the Philippines
Pinoy (/pɪˈnɔɪ/ or /piːˈnɔɪ/; Tagalog: [pɪˈnɔi]) is a common informal self-reference used by Filipinos to refer to citizens of the Philippines and their
Pinoy
Reference dependence is a central principle in prospect theory and behavioral economics generally. It holds that people evaluate outcomes and express
Reference_dependence
Phenomenon involving innocuous events
ideas of reference and of being influenced....Delusions of this kind merely bring to the patient from the outside what his self-observing and self-critical
Ideas and delusions of reference
Ideas_and_delusions_of_reference
Understanding of one's own basic needs and motives
and "What am I like?". Self-knowledge requires both self-awareness and self-consciousness (aware of the fact that one is self-aware). While young infants
Self-knowledge_(psychology)
Self-publishing is the publication of media (e.g. books, music, art) by its author at their own cost, without the involvement of a publisher. However,
List of self-publishing companies
List_of_self-publishing_companies
Process of repeating items in a self-similar way
Cilene Rodrigues are among many who have argued against this. Literary self-reference can in any case be argued to be different in kind from mathematical
Recursion
Topics referred to by the same term
not directly accountable to a particular function or product Indirect self-reference, describes an object referring to itself indirectly Indirect effect
Indirect
Self-describing sentence
An autogram (Ancient Greek: αὐτός = self, γράμμα = letter) is an autological sentence that describes itself in the sense of providing an inventory of its
Autogram
Suicide by setting oneself on fire
Self-immolation is the act of setting oneself on fire. It is mostly done for political or religious reasons, often as a form of protest or in acts of martyrdom
Self-immolation
Notion of self-reference in mathematics and philosophy
and philosophy of mathematics, something that is impredicative is a self-referencing definition. Roughly speaking, a definition is impredicative if it invokes
Impredicativity
Capacity for introspection and individuation as a subject
In the philosophy of self, self-awareness is the awareness and reflection of one's own personality or individuality, including traits, feelings, and behaviors
Self-awareness
Topics referred to by the same term
Reflection (disambiguation) Reflections (disambiguation) Self-reflexivity (see Self-reference) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Reflexive
Program that relocates its own address-dependent instructions and data when run
code in relocating itself while DOS boots Garbage collection Self-replication Self-reference Quine (computing) An exception to the requirement for a stub
Self-relocation
Short story by Jorge Luis Borges
author's 1949 story "The Zahir" (revised in 1974), continuing the theme of self-reference and attempting to abandon the terribly infinite, and to his 1941 story
The_Book_of_Sand
One's internal beliefs about oneself
In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs
Self-concept
Not requiring outside inputs to meet needs
interaction with others. Self-sufficiency entails the self being enough (to fulfill needs), and a self-sustaining entity can maintain self-sufficiency indefinitely
Self-sustainability
Capacity of an object, organism, or population to continue its own existence
00213.x. S2CID 145732747. self-stabilization, homeostasis self-replication self-reference recursion reproduction feedback loop cause and effect von Neumann
Self-perpetuation
Satirical term for self-important local officials
associated ironically with real-world people, sometimes used facetiously in self-reference, sometimes to praise someone, and at other times to criticize an organizational
Grand_Poobah
Spanish political activist
Spanish political party Vox. He has been nicknamed in the media and in self-reference as "El Negro de Vox" (Vox's Black Guy). Since 2019, he has been a consultant
Bertrand_Ndongo
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
Murray, Feedback Systems: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers Self-regulating mechanisms have existed since antiquity, and the idea of feedback
Feedback
Technique of placing a copy of an image within itself, or a story within a story
depicted within itself, in which Jersey Ellis conjectures that the self-references sometimes are used to strengthen the symbolism of gift-giving by documenting
Mise_en_abyme
Right to participate in one's own governance
In international law, self-determination refers to a people's right to form its own political entity. Self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern
Self-determination
Military forces of Japan
The Japan Self-Defense Forces (Japanese: 自衛隊, Hepburn: Jieitai; JSDF) are the military forces of Japan. The JSDF comprises the Japan Ground Self-Defense
Japan_Self-Defense_Forces
Topics referred to by the same term
that have self-declared as socialist that are not also communist states List of communist states, a list of communist states that have self-designated
List_of_socialist_states
Expression in the sayings of Jesus in Christian writings
Daniel (7.13), and a third which considered it as a general idiom for self-reference. By the 17th century, the first approach (focusing on his humanity)
Son_of_man_(Christianity)
Logical paradox concerning truth values
Quine sentence in fact uses an indirect type of self-reference. He then shows that indirect self-reference is crucial in many of the proofs of Gödel's incompleteness
Quine's_paradox
Psychological concepts often used in connection with narcissism
true self (also known as real self, authentic self, original self and vulnerable self) and the false self (also known as fake self, idealized self, superficial
True_self_and_false_self
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called an inertial space or a Galilean reference frame) is a frame of reference in which objects exhibit inertia:
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Self-replicating cellular automaton
John von Neumann's universal constructor is a self-replicating machine in a cellular automaton (CA) environment. It was designed in the 1940s, without
Von Neumann universal constructor
Von_Neumann_universal_constructor
Study of circular causal processes
purposeful behaviour, neural networks, heterarchy, information theory, and self-organisation. As cybernetics developed, it became broader in scope to include
Cybernetics
Self-replicating program
Van Orman Quine (1908–2000), who made an extensive study of indirect self-reference, and in particular for the following paradox-producing expression, known
Quine_(computing)
Canadian-born American philosopher
showed how to create a paradox similar to the liar paradox, but without self-reference. Unlike the liar paradox, which uses a single sentence, Yablo's paradox
Stephen_Yablo
Cognitive bias in which people think they are being noticed more than they really are
concepts are egocentric bias, self-referential encoding, self-reference effect and ideas of reference and delusions of reference. The spotlight effect plays
Spotlight_effect
Poem by John Donne
canonization". To Culler, however, this self-referentiality reveals "an uncanny neatness that generates paradox, a self-reference that ultimately brings out the
The_Canonization
In programming languages, the object or class the currently running code belongs to
and Swift, use self. Microsoft's Visual Basic uses Me. The concept is similar in all languages: this is usually an immutable reference or pointer which
This_(computer_programming)
2020 high-profile mariticide and trial in Florida, U.S.
Ashley and her defense attorney during the trial claimed that she did it in self-defense during a domestic dispute. Prosecutors argued that Ashley fabricated
Black_Swan_manslaughter_case
American mathematician and logician (1919–2017)
tick. Of the other two term papers, one, entitled "Languages in Which Self Reference is Possible" (which Carnap showed to Kurt Gödel), was later published
Raymond_Smullyan
Countermeasure to defend oneself against harm
Self-defense, or self-defence in Commonwealth English, is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The
Self-defense
Expressions that derive their reference from something within the surrounding text
Endophora can be broken into three subcategories: cataphora, anaphora and self-reference. Deixis – Words requiring context to understand their meaning Generic
Endophora
Human emotional need
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest personal aspirational human need in the hierarchy. It represents where one's potential
Self-actualization
1997 book by Douglas Hofstadter about translation
same concepts Hofstadter has addressed in prior works, such as reference and self-reference, structure and function, and artificial intelligence. One theme
Le_Ton_beau_de_Marot
Term for sexual and gender minorities
century in the United States, the term queer was used as a term of self-reference (or identity category) for homosexual men who adopted masculine behavior
Queer
travel, tourism, insurance
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