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Humor that alludes to itself
Self-referential humor, also known as self-reflexive humor, self-aware humor, or meta humor, is a type of comedic expression that—either directed toward
Self-referential_humor
Sentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
linguistics, as well as in humor. Self-referential statements are sometimes paradoxical, and can also be considered recursive. Indirect self-reference describes
Self-reference
Prefix in English derived from Greek
modern nomenclature, the prefix meta can also serve as a prefix meaning self-referential, as a field of study or endeavor (metatheory: theory about a theory;
Meta_(prefix)
2013 video game
includes self-referential humor and numerous fourth wall breaks. Upon release, the game received mixed reviews, being praised for its humor and plot elements
Deadpool_(video_game)
1986 film by Tom McLoughlin
positive reviews from critics. In the years since its release, its self-referential humor and numerous instances of breaking the fourth wall have been praised
Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives
Friday_the_13th_Part_VI:_Jason_Lives
gag Russian jokes Russian political jokes Satire Sardarji joke Self-referential humor Shaggy dog story Slapstick Snipe hunt Surreal humour Three wishes
Index_of_joke_types
Action-adventure video game series
on over-the-top gameplay, popular culture homages, parodies, and self-referential humor. This change in direction helped define the series' identity, but
Saints_Row
Dark fantasy television series (2005–2020)
monster-of-the-week formula while exploring family psychology and self-referential humor. Filmed in Vancouver, Canada, the series uses chiaroscuro cinematography
Supernatural (American TV series)
Supernatural_(American_TV_series)
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
known." Liar paradox: "This sentence is false." This is the canonical self-referential paradox. Also "Is the answer to this question 'no'?", and "I'm lying
List_of_paradoxes
Comedy-drama rock musical theater play
journey of self-discovery as an artist, while combining strong existentialist and meta-fictional elements (especially self-referential humor). The musical's
Passing_Strange
Fictional mansion
"almost a parody" by Samuel Claiborn of IGN, citing its "geeky, self-referential humor". He recommended the DLC to "die-hard fans", saying normal players
Spencer_Mansion
American late-night satirical news television program
stories, political figures, and media organizations. It often uses self-referential humor. Jon Stewart hosts the Monday edition. The current team of hosting
The_Daily_Show
American animated television series
superhero films. Distinct from other Disney Channel shows in its use of self-referential humor, Schooley and McCorkle developed fast-paced sitcom-style dialogue
Kim_Possible
CGI-animated television series
redesigns, the series gained a cult following online for its witty and self-referential humor. The series focuses on the adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles
Sonic_Boom_(TV_series)
Christian ska and punk band
also known for their comic songs which rely on droll self-deprecating and self-referential humor, absurdist non-sequiturs and frequent references to pop
Five_Iron_Frenzy
2022 film by Akiva Schaffer
was sent Gregor and Mand's script; he agreed due to the film's self-referential humor, his love for both the original series and Roger Rabbit, and an
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (film)
Chip_'n_Dale:_Rescue_Rangers_(film)
2012 American action film by Simon West
choreography never disappoints". Variety's Justin Chang appreciated the self-referential humor in each actor's film history and the violent action scenes; however
The_Expendables_2
2012 Australian children's novel
Weekly said the work has a "cartoon-laden carnival of slapstick and self-referential humor" and liked illustrator Terry Denton's "furiously scrawled line drawings"
The_26-Storey_Treehouse
2013 film by James Nguyen
considered one of the worst films of all time, Birdemic 2 features self-referential humor about the reception of the previous film. Taking place four years
Birdemic_2:_The_Resurrection
11th episode of the 5th season of The Amazing World of Gumball
animated series can successfully transition lead roles by leaning into self-referential humor. At the 2018 British Animation Awards, "The Copycats" won the Children's
The_Copycats
American slasher film
or overly self-referential, suggesting it did not fully escape the conventions it sought to critique. Maslin wrote that the film's humor became "one-note"
Scream_(1996_film)
American animated sitcom
writing him with a different personality. Family Guy often includes self-referential humor. The most common form is jokes about the Fox network, and occasions
Family_Guy
American filmmaker (born 1946)
in general, resulting in a film with several meta-references and self-referential humor. Both Zach Galligan and Phoebe Cates returned to star in the film
Joe_Dante
American late-night talk show
received recent news coverage. Alongside satire, the show uses self-referential humor, black comedy and observational comedy, and has been noted for its
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver
American animator and television producer (1920–1989)
the plum, Jack announced, "Lord, what foods these morsels be!" Self-referential humor was another trademark: in one episode, the breathless announcer
Jay_Ward
1990 horror comedy film directed by Joe Dante
satirize the original film, the sequel has some meta-references and self-referential humor. These include a cameo appearance by film critic Leonard Maltin
Gremlins_2:_The_New_Batch
2023 video game
positive reviews from media writers, with many noting the game's self-referential humor. Serin Kaan of Rock Paper Shotgun and Will Nelson of PCGamesN both
Loverwatch
2012 American TV series or program
Chewoo, and Roodee (on the bottom). Genre Adventure Surreal comedy Self-referential humor Created by David Feiss Based on YooHoo & Friends by Aurora World
YooHoo & Friends (2012 TV series)
YooHoo_&_Friends_(2012_TV_series)
Genre of novels, plays, poems, films, or other media
Hardy and Tom and Jerry. Absurdism Absurdist humor Existentialism Literary nonsense Self-referential humor Theatre of the Absurd List of genres Henderson
Absurdist_fiction
Disney cartoon characters
Self-referential humor: Scrooge with Huey, Dewey, and Louie in "Return to Plain Awful" (1989) by Don Rosa
Huey,_Dewey,_and_Louie
2008 American webcomic
lady. The webcomic has run for hundreds of pages and tends to use self-referential humor from time to time. Gunshow frequently features some longer storylines
Gunshow_(webcomic)
American animated sitcom
denied any causal connection. The Simpsons also often includes self-referential humor. The most common form is jokes about Fox Broadcasting. The show
The_Simpsons
American animated television series
is known for quality writing and wry humor. Mixing puns, cultural and topical satire, and self-referential humor, it appealed to adults as well as children
The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends
The_Adventures_of_Rocky_and_Bullwinkle_and_Friends
Portuguese stand-up comedian (born 1994)
Medium Stand-up film Genres Observational comedy Story telling Self-referential humor Subject Cultural Exploration • Observational Comedy • Globalism
André_de_Freitas
13th episode of the 6th season of Community
happen to him as everyone else moves away. The episode includes many self-referential pitches for what a "season seven" of the show would look like. It also
Emotional Consequences of Broadcast Television
Emotional_Consequences_of_Broadcast_Television
2022 video game
similarly criticized what they felt was too much of a focus of self-referential humor and said it would probably only appeal to Dead by Daylight fans. In
Hooked on You: A Dead by Daylight Dating Sim
Hooked_on_You:_A_Dead_by_Daylight_Dating_Sim
16th episode of the 5th season of The Simpsons
the show with a sports theme. Nathan Rabin notes the episode's self-referential humor. Lisa muses that "It seems every week the Simpsons go through a
Homer_Loves_Flanders
Plot device that resets continuity in works of fiction
using the reset-button technique sometimes point out, as a form of self-referential humor, their own use of the device. Alluding to the trope, the CBBC television
Reset_button_technique
1968 studio album by The Mothers of Invention
notes that Zappa’s satire was often misread as affectionate or self-referential humor by those he was mocking, which was later most evident with the success
We're Only in It for the Money
We're_Only_in_It_for_the_Money
23rd episode of the 9th season of The Simpsons
actually succeeds in something." Les Chappell notes the episode's self-referential humor: "Marge asks if anyone's pointed out that Homer's totally unfit
King of the Hill (The Simpsons)
King_of_the_Hill_(The_Simpsons)
American procedurally generated sitcom livestream
popularity in February 2023 after media coverage of the show. The nonsensical humor, undistinguished style, and enthusiastic audience activity has received
Nothing,_Forever
2005 video game
from the focus on humor that's bizarre and out there". Despite this, GameSpot's Ricardo Torres stated that "The self-referential humor that gave the original
Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time
Mario_&_Luigi:_Partners_in_Time
2011 film by James Bobin
Angeles Times and Entertainment Weekly praised the screenplay's self-referential humor, Segel and Adams' supporting roles, and the film's clever employment
The_Muppets_(2011_film)
Online community and website
meant the early work was often of poor quality and was filled with self-referential humor. As E2 has expanded, stricter quality standards have developed,
Everything2
Traditional Cajun waltz
blonde” meaning pretty girlfriend. Many of the covers included self-referential humor in regard to the production context of the song. A popular rendition
Jole_Blon
1953 animated short film by Chuck Jones
a story by Michael Maltese. The film contains many examples of self-referential humor, breaking the fourth wall. The cartoon's plot was essentially replicated
Duck_Amuck
2004 video game
playable characters and scenarios. IGN's Ivan Sulic enjoyed the game's self-referential humor. CUBE UK predicted the game would be like the others in the Spyro
Spyro:_A_Hero's_Tail
2002 American TV series or program
themselves. The type of humor changed markedly from season one to season two, with the former containing much self-referential humor and breaking of the "fourth
She_Spies
3rd episode of the 6th season of Family Guy
Critic gave the episode a negative review criticizing the episode's self-referential humor and the fact that the characters would be so selfish that they would
Believe It or Not, Joe's Walking on Air
Believe_It_or_Not,_Joe's_Walking_on_Air
2014 American web series
outlet, the press release showed the fledgling series' capacity for self-referential humor and numerous celebrity guest appearances. A 20-second teaser trailer
Play_It_Again,_Dick
American comic strip
much that he goes to seek out a brick in the final panel. Even self-referential humor is evident—in one strip, Officer Pupp, having arrested Ignatz, berates
Krazy_Kat
2007 single by Fergie featuring Ludacris
title in the lyrics. Lamb also noted that "The frequent sparks of self-referential humor present in much of Fergie's music are missing here which limits
Glamorous_(song)
1997 video game
Wojciech Kotas of The Mac Gamer's Ledge, which found The X-Files' self-referential humor better than the "lukewarm", limited, and uninspired parody of the
The_X-Fools
Type of self reference
meta-reference, they are not necessarily meta-referential themselves. However, innately meta-referential devices (e.g. metalepsis) constitute a category
Meta-reference
1998 role-playing game supplement
Pyramid stated that "this Wraith book really captures the ironic, self-referential humor that marks the better White Wolf books. As Richard Dansky's last
Renegades (Wraith: The Oblivion)
Renegades_(Wraith:_The_Oblivion)
Quality of being common, coarse, or unrefined
social climbers. John Bayley said that the term can never be used self-referentially, because to be aware of vulgarity is to display a degree of sophistication
Vulgarity
American philosopher and psychologist
of these must be recognized to be self-referentially inconsistent. He characterized the resulting methodology as self-validating in the sense that it cannot
Steven_James_Bartlett
9th episode of the 3rd season of Community
reputation that it's hard to get new viewers due to its irreverence and self-referential humor. It's hard to always appreciate the benefits of Community when you
Foosball and Nocturnal Vigilantism
Foosball_and_Nocturnal_Vigilantism
On the smallest non-interesting number
mathematics that make use of self-reference (such as Gödel's incompleteness theorems), the paradox illustrates some of the power of self-reference, and thus touches
Interesting_number_paradox
Form of word play
distressed is parsed as dis-tressed (having hair cut off), or in the self-referential pun "I entered ten puns in a pun competition hoping one would win,
Pun
1994 film by Quentin Tarantino
The film features self-referential elements, monologues, casual conversations with eclectic dialogue, and an ironic combination of humor and violence. TriStar
Pulp_Fiction
15th and 16th episodes of the 12th season of Two and a Half Men
boldness inherent in the self-referential nature has to be applauded". They praised its unapologetic overtly self-referential meta approach: "Two and a
Of_Course_He's_Dead
1998 American slasher film by Ronny Yu
three films, Bride of Chucky takes a markedly humorous turn towards self-referential parody. It also departs from the Andy Barclay storyline of the first
Bride_of_Chucky
Standing against corruption and poverty
and Ernie Colón (inker), and published by CrossGen. The comics are self-referential and multi-genre satire. The series is composed of two storylines: "Cross
The_Crossovers
2013 single by Mariah Carey
emotion", while also "[not] forget[ting] to include a touch of self-referential humor along the way." In the United States, "The Art of Letting Go" failed
The_Art_of_Letting_Go
2026 film by Michael Tiddes
modern horror movies and missing more than it cuts, Scary Movie's self-referential callbacks and tired gags make for a stunted return to what was already
Scary_Movie_(2026_film)
Process of repeating items in a self-similar way
procedurePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Tupper's self-referential formula – Formula that visually represents itself when graphed Turtles
Recursion
2020 digital remotely performed musical by Jason Howland and Nathan Tysen
series of short musical episodes, the story incorporates parody and self-referential humor, blending elements of classic whodunits with the limitations of
A_Killer_Party
2026 Philippine comedy-drama television series
described the series as fast-paced and engaging, highlighting its self-referential portrayal of Philippine show business, its mixture of personal and
Call_My_Manager
American journalist and television announcer (1932–2010)
performed double duty and often introduced his own newscasts with the self-referential cue "and now Charlie O'Donnell with the news." Additionally, Barry
Charlie_O'Donnell
2025 video game
Alex Hutchinson as "optimistic yet funny dystopia". The humor in the game was self-referential, and was designed to be more "pointed" than its predecessor
Revenge_of_the_Savage_Planet
contributing to an aspect of American culture—namely, a tendency towards self-referential satire, later further developed by Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin
The_Sot-Weed_Factor_(poem)
19th episode of the 7th season of The X-Files
sixth season episode "The Unnatural." The episode—written with a "self-referential" tone—features myriad guest stars, including, most notably, Garry Shandling
Hollywood_A.D.
1997 studio album by The Aquabats
sensibility, anchored by the Aquabats' characteristic songwriting staples of self-referential anthems ("Theme Song!"), songs developing characters in the band's
The_Fury_of_The_Aquabats!
1988 film by John De Bello
been more favorable. JoBlo.com reviewer Jason Adams wrote, "The zany, self-referential style lends itself to an unending stream of gags, and overall more
Return_of_the_Killer_Tomatoes
American artist and singer
videos and photography. His visual language—often maximalist, deeply referential, and playfully confrontational—draws inspiration from punk graphics,
Ssion
2015 film by Seth MacFarlane
"MacFarlane and co-writers Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild have a gift for referential riffs, but the plot is the thinnest of narratives just to connect all
Ted_2
2001 role-playing video game
to brave the Japanese language will find one of the most original, self-referential titles ever made, a stroke of genius that's a virtual dream come true
Segagaga
Obsolete diagnostic class of autism
JL, Wheelwright SJ, Baron-Cohen S (September 2007). Zak P (ed.). "Self-referential cognition and empathy in autism". PLOS ONE. 2 (9) e883. Bibcode:2007PLoSO
Asperger_syndrome
Abridged web series
and dialogue. Its comedy comprises both pop culture references and self-referential humour. Regarded as the first abridged series, Yu-Gi-Oh!: The Abridged
Yu-Gi-Oh!: The Abridged Series
Yu-Gi-Oh!:_The_Abridged_Series
1977 film by Woody Allen
and interpersonal communication" and "immediately establishes [a] self-referential stance" that invites the spectator "to read the narrative as something
Annie_Hall
2004 video game
stealth and infiltration, while retaining the series' self-referential, fourth-wall-breaking sense of humor. The story of Snake Eater is told through numerous
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater
Metal_Gear_Solid_3:_Snake_Eater
2024 Marvel Studios film
to follow, lacking in real tension or stakes and overly reliant on self-referential story lines. "Deadpool & Wolverine". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media
Deadpool_&_Wolverine
American adult animated sitcom
for the show's literary references. Archer also develops a unique self-referentiality through character-based jokes, catchphrases, and running gags that
Archer_(2009_TV_series)
Personification of New England
and language. The emblem had been developing for decades as a minor self-referential device in American literature, but saw full development in this novel
Brother_Jonathan
Play by George Bernard Shaw
Air theatre in 1934. John Anthony Bertolini describes the play as a self-referential work in which the characters all performing roles. He considers it
The_Six_of_Calais
Children's book series
local Centerboro, and human villains. Much of the humor in the books is derived from the self-referential way in which the author acknowledges the unreality
Freddy_the_Pig
1988 American black comedy slasher film by Michael A. Simpson
time. They decided to push the film into a comedic, self-referential direction, focusing on dark humor. Despite being producers, Stan Wakefield and Silva
Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers
Sleepaway_Camp_II:_Unhappy_Campers
12th episode of the 5th season of The Simpsons
it was a catchphrase of Krusty the Clown. The episode ends with a self-referential scene in which several characters say their catchphrases, including
Bart_Gets_Famous
Vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all
to something outside itself, scat music—like instrumental music—is self-referential and "d[oes] what it mean[s]." Through this wordlessness, commentators
Scat_singing
2018 studio album by Poppy
Neil Z. Yeung. "Poppy". AllMusic. Retrieved December 14, 2018. the self-referential electro-pop of 2017's Poppy.Computer and the forays into nu-metal and
Am_I_a_Girl?
2024 studio album by Taylor Swift
O'Sullivan asserted that Swift's albums contain multiple layers of self-referential "lore", writing that the unfavorable reviews were due to critics not
The_Tortured_Poets_Department
2020 video game
narrator interacts with the player, and also identified British humour, self-referential humour, and video gaming references, plus Japanese culture. He noted
There Is No Game: Wrong Dimension
There_Is_No_Game:_Wrong_Dimension
Animated television series
parody and meta-humor, specifically between the narrator and the characters. The show often included anachronisms, self-referential commentary, and over-the-top
Dave_the_Barbarian
2019 film by Rian Johnson
sustained interest from enthusiastic pre-release reviews, the unique self-referentiality, and the ensemble's star power, especially that of Evans, Craig,
Knives_Out
Horror film subgenre
canon can be divided into three eras: the classical (1974–1993), the self-referential (1994–2000) and the neoslasher cycle (2000–2013). Slasher films typically
Slasher_film
Series of children's novels
review in Publishers Weekly of Whales on Stilts noted that the "humor is very self-referential", such as when "awkward Harcourt writers" follow Jasper and
M. T. Anderson's Thrilling Tales
M._T._Anderson's_Thrilling_Tales
2010 novel by Brandon Sanderson
requests to readers (to change their underwear daily, for instance), and self-referential comments on the literary nature of the book—might make the series appear
Alcatraz Versus the Shattered Lens
Alcatraz_Versus_the_Shattered_Lens
2013 action-adventure game
Polygon's Danielle Riendeau described Saints Row IV as "big, goofy, and self-referential fun" and thought that the game accomplished what it set out to be:
Saints_Row_IV
Comic strip by Stephan Pastis
style is notable for its black comedy, simplistic artwork, self-deprecating fourth wall meta-humor, social commentary, mockery of itself or other comic strips
Pearls_Before_Swine_(comics)
travel, tourism, insurance
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
Boy/Male
Biblical
A rock.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Sword
Girl/Female
British, English
Soft
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Reverential Salutation
Boy/Male
Welsh
peace'.
Boy/Male
Indian
Sword
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sword
Female
Egyptian
, a form of Isis.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Biblical
a rock
Girl/Female
African, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Saviour; Ewe of West Africa; Goddess of the Moon; Cliff; Rock
Boy/Male
British, English, Nigerian, Norwegian
Rock
Girl/Female
Hebrew Biblical
Rock.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Boy/Male
British, English, Hebrew
A Tree
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Sword; Brave; Sword of Religion
Male
Yiddish
(סֶעף) Variant spelling of Yiddish Zeff, SEFF means "wolf."
Male
English
(סֶלַע) Anglicized form of Hebrew Cela, SELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra. In use as a unisex name.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek SolomÅn, SELYF means "peaceable."Â
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : from the Middle English personal name Saulf, Old English Sǣwulf, composed of the elements sǣ ‘sea’ + wulf ‘wolf’.
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
SELF REFERENTIAL-HUMOR
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