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List of concepts in artificial intelligence
This glossary of artificial intelligence is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to the study of artificial intelligence (AI), its subdisciplines
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Type of machine learning model
Generative artificial intelligence – AI that generates contentPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets List of artificial intelligence algorithms
Large_language_model
Subset of artificial intelligence
Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn
Machine_learning
This is a list of artificial intelligence algorithms, including algorithms and algorithmic methods used in artificial intelligence (AI) for search, automated
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines or software
Outline of artificial intelligence
Outline_of_artificial_intelligence
Conversational software
significant amounts of water for cooling. Applications of artificial intelligence Artificial human companion Artificial intelligence and elections Autonomous
Chatbot
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical type of artificial intelligence that matches or surpasses human capabilities across virtually
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
Intelligence of machines
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning
Artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence in healthcare refers to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to medical and healthcare data in areas including disease
Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare
AI whose outputs can be understood by humans
artificial intelligence (AI), explainable AI (XAI), generally overlapping with interpretable AI or explainable machine learning (XML), is a field of research
Explainable artificial intelligence
Explainable_artificial_intelligence
The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories, and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence by master
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
language for Cyc. Glossary of artificial intelligence List of constraint programming languages List of computer algebra systems List of logic programming
List of programming languages for artificial intelligence
List_of_programming_languages_for_artificial_intelligence
Guidelines and laws to regulate AI
Regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating artificial intelligence (AI). The
Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subfields have been used in applications throughout industry and academia. Machine learning has been used for various
Applications of artificial intelligence
Applications_of_artificial_intelligence
Methods in artificial intelligence research
In artificial intelligence (AI), symbolic artificial intelligence (also known as classical artificial intelligence or logic-based artificial intelligence)
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Computational model used in machine learning
2018. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Pasick A (27 March 2023). "Artificial Intelligence Glossary: Neural Networks and Other Terms Explained". The New York Times
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
1956 scientific conference on artificial intelligence
Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely considered to be the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field. The
Dartmouth_workshop
Period of rapid progress in AI
An AI boom is a period of rapid growth in the field of artificial intelligence. The most recent boom happened in the 2020s before seeing increased acceleration
AI_boom
AI that generates content
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses generative models to generate text, images, videos,
Generative_AI
Software user interface
Examples of a human-on-the-loop lethal autonomous weapon system posing a threat to friendly forces. "DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Glossary", DoD 5000
Human-in-the-loop
Usage of artificial intelligence to generate music
Music software utilizes artificial intelligence to generate, classify, or recommend music. Similar to its applications in other fields, AI in music simulates
Artificial intelligence in music
Artificial_intelligence_in_music
Visual content generation through artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence visual art, or AI art, is artistic content generated or enhanced through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) programs. The
AI_art
A broad range of public, academic, and political debates regarding the societal effects of artificial intelligence (AI) have intensified particularly in
Artificial intelligence controversies
Artificial_intelligence_controversies
AI to benefit humanity
Friendly artificial intelligence (friendly AI or FAI) is hypothetical artificial general intelligence (AGI) that would have a positive (benign) effect
Friendly artificial intelligence
Friendly_artificial_intelligence
Zero Moment Point. Outline of robotics Index of robotics articles Artificial intelligence Glossary of artificial intelligence "robotics". Oxford Dictionaries
Glossary_of_robotics
Machine learning technique
Networks for Transfer" (PDF), Learning Proceedings of the 22nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2007), Vancouver, BC, pp. 608–614, retrieved
Transfer_learning
government and state governments have developed some regulation of artificial intelligence, including executive orders, federal laws, and state laws. Federal
Regulation of artificial intelligence in the United States
Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence_in_the_United_States
Software to detect AI-generated content
Artificial intelligence detection software aims to determine whether some content (text, image, video, or audio) was generated using artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence content detection
Artificial_intelligence_content_detection
Field of machine learning
Andrew W. (1996). "Reinforcement Learning: A Survey". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 4: 237–285. arXiv:cs/9605103. doi:10.1613/jair.301.
Reinforcement_learning
Artificial intelligence systems that perceive and act in the physical world
Physical artificial intelligence or physical AI refers to artificial intelligence (AI) systems that perceive, reason about and act within the physical
Physical artificial intelligence
Physical_artificial_intelligence
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), alignment aims to steer AI systems toward a person's or group's intended goals, preferences, or ethical principles
AI_alignment
Deep learning architecture
Methods, Applications, and Challenges". Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 159 111279. doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111279. Pióro, Maciej;
Mamba (deep learning architecture)
Mamba_(deep_learning_architecture)
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within AI that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic
Ethics of artificial intelligence
Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence
Hypothesized risk to human existence
has been hypothesized that substantial progress in artificial general intelligence (AGI) and artificial superintelligence (ASI) will lead to human extinction
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
Paradigm in machine learning that uses no classification labels
(Helmholtz). Of the networks bearing people's names, only Hopfield worked directly with neural networks. Boltzmann and Helmholtz came before artificial neural
Unsupervised_learning
Type of large language model
pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a type of large language model (LLM) that is widely used in generative artificial intelligence chatbots. GPTs are based on a deep
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Subfield of artificial intelligence
Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) (also called Decentralized Artificial Intelligence) is a melding of artificial intelligence with distributed
Distributed artificial intelligence
Distributed_artificial_intelligence
American computer laboratory
AI Artificial intelligence Glossary of artificial intelligence Google Brain Google X Neven, Hartmut (May 16, 2013). "Launching the Quantum Artificial Intelligence
Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab
Quantum_Artificial_Intelligence_Lab
Machine learning technique
Hinton, Geoffrey E. (1989). "Connectionist learning procedures". Artificial Intelligence. 40 (1–3): 185–234. doi:10.1016/0004-3702(89)90049-0. Tomasi, Carlo
Attention_(machine_learning)
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
provided as an overview of, and topical guide to, machine learning: Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer science
Outline_of_machine_learning
AI system to detect and respond to human emotions
reasoning Emotion recognition Facial recognition system Glossary of artificial intelligence Human–robot interaction Pepper (robot) Soft computing Evolutionary
Artificial_empathy
Artificial intelligence field of study
accidents, misuse, or other harmful consequences arising from artificial intelligence systems. It encompasses AI alignment (which aims to ensure AI systems
AI_safety
Type of feedforward neural network
of deep learning, and are applicable across a vast set of diverse domains. In 1943, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts proposed the binary artificial neuron
Multilayer_perceptron
Software program
imagination DALL-E Feature detection (computer vision) Hallucination (artificial intelligence) Neural style transfer Procedural textures Psychedelic art Texture
DeepDream
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
using graph structures for queries Machine learning – Subset of artificial intelligence Nearest neighbor search – Optimization problem in computer science
Vector_database
Process of analyzing large data sets
any application of computer decision support systems, including artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning) and business intelligence. Often the more
Data_mining
Artificial intelligence computer system made by IBM
Watsonx Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence) Glossary of artificial intelligence Artificial general intelligence Tech companies in the New York
IBM_Watson
Public availability of AI parameters
released learned parameters of a trained artificial intelligence model, principally its weights and biases. In an artificial neural network, weights are
Open_weights
Integrated circuit technology
for applications including artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and sensory processing. Carver Mead proposed one of the first applications for
Neuromorphic_computing
Similarity measure for number sequences
Alexander; Chanona-Hernández, Liliana (2013). Advances in Computational Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7630. LNAI 7630. pp. 1–11. doi:10
Cosine_similarity
Research awards
There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in artificial intelligence. The David E. Rumelhart Prize is an annual award for making
Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence
Competitions_and_prizes_in_artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence company
Vicarious was an artificial intelligence company based in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. It uses the theorized computational principles of the brain
Vicarious_(company)
Nonprofit contract research institute
CLAIRE, a European organization on artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence Glossary of artificial intelligence Research at DFKI Research at DFKI
German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
German_Research_Centre_for_Artificial_Intelligence
American artificial intelligence company
OpenAI is an American artificial intelligence (AI) research organization headquartered in San Francisco. It develops generative AI models, particularly
OpenAI
Branch of philosophy
philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of computer science that explores artificial intelligence and
Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence
Machine learning technique
Saeed; Ebrahimpour, Reza (12 May 2012). "Mixture of experts: a literature survey". Artificial Intelligence Review. 42 (2): 275–293. doi:10.1007/s10462-012-9338-y
Mixture_of_experts
Concept asserting ongoing stock market bubble
growing since 2025 amid the AI boom, a period of rapid increase in investment in artificial intelligence (AI) that is affecting the broader economy. Speculation
AI_bubble
Measurable property or characteristic
engineering Hashing trick Statistical classification Explainable artificial intelligence Bishop, Christopher (2006). Pattern recognition and machine learning
Feature_(machine_learning)
Theory of machine learning
(or just learning theory) is a subfield of artificial intelligence devoted to studying the design and analysis of machine learning algorithms. Theoretical
Computational_learning_theory
Laboratory at US university
and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
MIT_Computer_Science_and_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory
Academic conference in machine learning
NeurIPS and ICLR, one of the three primary conferences of highest impact and reputation in machine learning and artificial intelligence research. It is organized
International Conference on Machine Learning
International_Conference_on_Machine_Learning
Machine-learning and computational-neuroscience conference
one of the three primary conferences of high impact in machine learning and artificial intelligence research. The conference includes three days of invited
Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
Conference_on_Neural_Information_Processing_Systems
Overview of and topical guide to deep learning
Wikiversity Artificial intelligence Artificial neural network Generative artificial intelligence Glossary of artificial intelligence Lists of open-source
Outline_of_deep_learning
Tree-based ensemble machine learning methods
"Stochastic Discrimination" (PDF). Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence. 1 (1–4): 207–239. Bibcode:1990AnMAI...1..207K. doi:10.1007/BF01531079
Random_forest
Optimization algorithm
Gradient descent is particularly useful in machine learning and artificial intelligence for minimizing the cost or loss function. Gradient descent is generally
Gradient_descent
Type of convolutional neural network
Semantic Segmentation". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 39 (4): 640–651. arXiv:1411.4038. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2572683. PMID 27244717
U-Net
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence
Diffusion_model
Academic conference in machine learning
and ICML, it is one of the three primary conferences of highest impact and reputation in machine learning and artificial intelligence research. The conference
International Conference on Learning Representations
International_Conference_on_Learning_Representations
Statistical Markov model
Classification". IJCAI Proceedings-International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 22: 1192. Wong, W.; Stamp, M. (2006). "Hunting for metamorphic
Hidden_Markov_model
Reverse-engineering neural networks
or MI) is a subfield of research within explainable artificial intelligence that aims to understand the internal workings of neural networks by analyzing
Mechanistic_interpretability
Statistical model of language
Technology portal Artificial intelligence and elections Cache language model Deep linguistic processing Ethics of artificial intelligence Factored language
Language_model
Data analysis technique
generate synthetic signals by re-arranging components of real data. Lotte proposed a method of "Artificial Trial Generation Based on Analogy" where three data
Data_augmentation
Problem setup in machine learning
Vivek (2008). Importance of semantic representation: dataless classification. Twenty-Third AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. pp. 830–835. Larochelle
Zero-shot_learning
AI that learns decision rules from data
Machine Learning Methods for Functional Prediction". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 3 (1995): 383–403. arXiv:cs/9512107. Bibcode:1995cs
Rule-based_machine_learning
Machine-learning process
formalism to describe knowledge of the world as patterns. It differs from other approaches to artificial intelligence in that it does not begin by prescribing
Grammar_induction
Machine learning strategy
Active learning is a special case of machine learning in which a learning algorithm can interactively query a human user (or some other information source)
Active learning (machine learning)
Active_learning_(machine_learning)
Machine learning calibration technique
machine learning, Platt scaling or Platt calibration is a way of transforming the outputs of a classification model into a probability distribution over
Platt_scaling
Concept of open-source software applied to AI
Open-source artificial intelligence, as defined by the Open Source Initiative, is an AI system that is freely available to use, study, modify, and share
Open-source artificial intelligence
Open-source_artificial_intelligence
Machine learning technique
Maximisation for Sparse Bayesian Models". Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics: 276–283. Retrieved 21 November
Relevance_vector_machine
Process of automating the application of machine learning
was proposed as an artificial intelligence-based solution to the growing challenge of applying machine learning. The high degree of automation in AutoML
Automated_machine_learning
Tasks in machine learning
meaning of 'validation' and 'test' sets. This is the most blatant example of the terminological confusion that pervades artificial intelligence research
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Use of AI in government areas
Artificial intelligence (AI) has a range of uses in government. It can be used to further public policy objectives (in areas such as emergency services
Artificial intelligence in government
Artificial_intelligence_in_government
Chinese artificial intelligence company
Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence Basic Technology Research Co., Ltd., doing business as DeepSeek, is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company
DeepSeek
Alphabetical list of terms in field of knowledge
A glossary (from Ancient Greek: γλῶσσα, glossa; language, speech, wording), also known as a vocabulary or clavis, is an alphabetical list of terms in a
Glossary
relationship between Buddhist philosophy and artificial intelligence (AI) includes how principles such as the reduction of suffering and ethical responsibility
Buddhism and artificial intelligence
Buddhism_and_artificial_intelligence
Suite of artificial intelligence tools developed by Apple Inc.
Apple Intelligence (AI) is a collection of artificial intelligence features developed by Apple. Relying on a combination of on-device and server processing
Apple_Intelligence
Machine learning problem
probabilities using bayesian binning" (PDF). Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Nixon, J.; Dusenberry, M.W.; Zhang, L.; Jerfel, G
Probabilistic_classification
Type of feedforward neural network
Rajshree (2019-11-19). Recent Trends and Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-32644-9. Archived
Convolutional_neural_network
Framework for machine learning
drawing from the fields of statistics and functional analysis. Statistical learning theory deals with the statistical inference problem of finding a predictive
Statistical_learning_theory
Industrial artificial intelligence, or industrial AI, refers to the application of artificial intelligence to industrial business processes. Unlike general
Artificial intelligence in industry
Artificial_intelligence_in_industry
Machine learning paradigm
Representations". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. arXiv:1809.04506. "Open Sourcing BERT: State-of-the-Art Pre-training for Natural
Self-supervised_learning
Framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning
approximately correct (PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant. In this framework
Probably approximately correct learning
Probably_approximately_correct_learning
Type of artificial neural network
A feedforward neural network is an artificial neural network in which information flows in a single direction – inputs are multiplied by weights to obtain
Feedforward_neural_network
Type of international competition
A military artificial intelligence arms race is a technological, economic, and military competition between two or more states to develop and deploy advanced
Artificial intelligence arms race
Artificial_intelligence_arms_race
Period of reduced funding and interest in AI research
In the history of artificial intelligence (AI), an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in AI research. The field has experienced several
AI_winter
Speech synthesis software
VALL-E is a generative artificial intelligence system for speech synthesis developed by Microsoft Research and announced on January 5, 2023. It can "recreate
VALL-E
Machine learning technique
pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i
Gradient_boosting
Class of artificial neural network
are recurrent neural networks". Proceedings of STeP '96/Publications of the Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society: 13–24. Robinson, Anthony J.; Fallside
Recurrent_neural_network
Type of activation function
In the context of artificial neural networks, the rectifier or ReLU (rectified linear unit) activation function is an activation function defined as the
Rectified_linear_unit
Method in natural language processing
Int'l J. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). Globerson, Amir (2007). "Euclidean Embedding of Co-occurrence Data" (PDF). Journal of Machine Learning
Word_embedding
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GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
GLOSSARY OF-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE
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