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Study of the relations between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics
Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The two independent
Quantum_thermodynamics
Concept in general relativity and quantum field theory
black hole thermodynamics; it is the most widely accepted physical model that combines general relativity, quantum field theory, and thermodynamics, though
Black_hole_thermodynamics
American theoretical physicist
specializing in quantum thermodynamics. She works at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is a fellow of the Joint Center for Quantum Information
Nicole_Yunger_Halpern
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
Maximum entropy thermodynamics Non-equilibrium thermodynamics Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics Psychrometrics Quantum thermodynamics Statistical
Thermodynamics
Device converting heat flow into usable work at the nanoscale
refrigerators can function at the single-particle scale, necessitating quantum thermodynamics. A 3-level amplifier uses hot and cold reservoirs to maintain population
Quantum_heat_engine
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
be just one nuclide (i.e. a system of quarks) as hypothesized in quantum thermodynamics. The system is the part of the universe being studied, while the
Thermodynamic_system
German physicist
development of quantum thermodynamics with focus on the thermodynamics of quantum information, quantum speed limit for open systems, quantum control and
Sebastian_Deffner
Property of a thermodynamic system
early in the history of classical thermodynamics, and with the development of statistical thermodynamics and quantum theory, entropy changes have been
Entropy
Observational basis of thermodynamics
The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize
Laws_of_thermodynamics
Field of statistical mechanics
fluctuating trajectory. Stochastic thermodynamics can be applied to driven (i.e. open) quantum systems whenever the effects of quantum coherence can be ignored
Stochastic_thermodynamics
Law of physics
process Ground state Laws of thermodynamics Quantum thermodynamics Residual entropy Thermodynamic entropy Timeline of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics
Third_law_of_thermodynamics
Irish theoretical physicist
College Dublin. He has worked on quantum thermodynamics, quantum information, and many-body physics. Goold leads the Quantum Systems Unit (QuSys) at Trinity
John_Goold_(physicist)
Physical law for entropy and heat
universe History of thermodynamics Jarzynski equality Laws of thermodynamics Maximum entropy thermodynamics Quantum thermodynamics Reflections on the Motive
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics
History_of_thermodynamics
Physical law for definition of temperature
The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference
Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
Physical quantity
formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes
Energy
Israeli theoretical quantum physicist
control of quantum system interactions with the environment, quantum thermodynamics and quantum measurement theory. Since 1997 he has been a professor at
Gershon_Kurizki
Greek-American thermodynamicist
Greek-American engineer who contributed to thermodynamics both in its general formulation and its quantum foundations. Gyftopoulos received an undergraduate
Elias_Gyftopoulos
Quantum mechanical system that interacts with a quantum-mechanical environment
information science, quantum thermodynamics, quantum cosmology, quantum biology, and semi-classical approximations. Open quantum systems are sometimes
Open_quantum_system
Process whose direction can be reversed
In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process, involving a system and its surroundings, whose direction can be reversed by infinitesimal changes
Reversible process (thermodynamics)
Reversible_process_(thermodynamics)
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
reconcile quantum mechanics and thermodynamics over the years, their compatibility is still an open fundamental problem. The full extent that quantum properties
Zero-point_energy
Statistical mechanics of quantum-mechanical systems
related phenomenon of superconductivity. Quantum thermodynamics Thermal quantum field theory Stochastic thermodynamics Abstract Wiener space Fano, U. (1957)
Quantum_statistical_mechanics
Swiss theoretical quantum physicist and professor
for Quantum Information Theory. His research interests include Quantum Information and Computation, the Foundations of Quantum Physics and Quantum thermodynamics
Renato_Renner
Type of energy transfer
calorimetry, an irreversible technique. A fundamental guiding principle of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy. The total energy of a system is the sum
Work_(thermodynamics)
Fact that observing a situation changes it
effect occurs in quantum mechanics, as demonstrated by the double-slit experiment. Physicists have found that observation of quantum phenomena by a detector
Observer_effect_(physics)
Scientific subjects
physics include classical mechanics; thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; electromagnetism; relativity; quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and molecular
Branches_of_physics
Law of thermodynamics establishing the conservation of energy
The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. For a thermodynamic process
First_law_of_thermodynamics
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
disciplines, including quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe
Quantum_mechanics
Physical quantity of hot and cold
expressed in the third law of thermodynamics. At this temperature, matter contains no macroscopic thermal energy, but still has quantum-mechanical zero-point
Temperature
Concept
system through this reversible process, dWrev. But from the first law of thermodynamics, dE = δQ + δW. Therefore, d S = δ ⟨ Q rev ⟩ T {\displaystyle dS={\frac
Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
Entropy_(statistical_thermodynamics)
Australian physicist
stochastic Schrödinger equations, quantum information theory, quantum references, wave–particle duality, quantum thermodynamics, and the physical nature of
Joan_Vaccaro
Finnish physicist (born 1958)
worked in the fields of low-temperature physics, nanoelectronics and quantum thermodynamics. He is the recipient of the 2020 Simon Memorial Prize. Jukka Pekola
Jukka_Pekola
Branch of thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Costa Rican physicist
applications of quantum field theory to particle physics and cosmology, as well as on self-oscillating dynamical systems and quantum thermodynamics. Jenkins
Alejandro_Jenkins
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
Predecessor to modern quantum mechanics (1900–1925)
pre-quantum thermodynamics that had troubled 19th-century scientists. Let us now describe this. The level sets of H are the orbits, and the quantum condition
Old_quantum_theory
Maximum attainable efficiency of any heat engine
[kaʁno]), also called Carnot's rule or Carnot's law, is a principle of thermodynamics developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 that specifies limits
Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)
Carnot's_theorem_(thermodynamics)
Extensive parameter used to describe a thermodynamic system's state
In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state. The specific volume, an intensive
Volume_(thermodynamics)
Quantum state with the lowest possible energy
In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy
Quantum_vacuum_state
Chemistry based on quantum physics
and thermodynamics of a system. Quantum chemistry also covers the computation of quantum effects on molecular dynamics and chemical kinetics. Quantum chemistry
Quantum_chemistry
History of the physical concept
of energy was made clear in the 19th century with the principles of thermodynamics, particularly the conservation of energy which established that energy
History_of_energy
Type of energy transfer
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as energy in transfer between a body and its surroundings, other than through thermodynamic work or through transfer
Heat
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
Subset of irreversible thermodynamics
Endoreversible thermodynamics is a subset of irreversible thermodynamics aimed at making more realistic assumptions about heat transfer than are typically
Endoreversible_thermodynamics
Relationship between the concepts of thermodynamic entropy and information entropy
the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy change associated with information gain, developing the thermodynamics of quantum and classical feedback-controlled
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory
Scientific field of study
to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity
Physics
State function whose change relates to the system's maximal work output
In thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system. The change in the free energy is the maximum
Thermodynamic_free_energy
Description of gravity using discrete values
OCLC 659549695. Wald, Robert M. (1994). Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87027-4
Quantum_gravity
British scientist
theory for thermodynamics on the nano and quantum scale. In 2017, Oppenheim and Lluis Masanes derived the third law of thermodynamics using quantum information
Jonathan_Oppenheim
Physics of many interacting particles
Partition function (mathematics) Quantum probability Percolation theory Schramm–Loewner evolution List of textbooks in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
Statistical_mechanics
American mechanical engineer (1927–2018)
mechanics and thermodynamics, arguably a precursor of the emerging interconnected fields of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and quantum thermodynamics (see e.g
George_N._Hatsopoulos
Swiss physicist (born 1950)
relativistic statistical mechanics and the foundations of classical and quantum thermodynamics. He studied physics and was awarded B.Sc. (1972), M.Sc. (1974) and
Peter_Hänggi
Belgian physical chemist (1917–2003)
in 1967, he co-founded the Center for Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, now the Center for Complex Quantum Systems. In that year, he also returned
Ilya_Prigogine
Extension of quantum field theory to curved spacetime
Quantum field theory in curved space-time and black hole thermodynamics. Chicago U. ISBN 0-226-87025-1. Fewster, C. J. (2008). "Lectures on quantum field
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
Quantum_field_theory_in_curved_spacetime
Mathematical model which approximates the behavior of real gases
additive constant. The ideal quantum Boltzmann gas overcomes this limitation by taking the limit of the quantum Bose gas and quantum Fermi gas in the limit
Ideal_gas
Thermodynamic cycle
Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth
Miller_cycle
Thermodynamic process of a closed system in which volume remains constant
In thermodynamics, an isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process
Isochoric_process
Type of system
Elements of Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading MA, p. 43. Rivas, Ángel; Huelga, Susana F. (October 2011). Open Quantum Systems. Berlin
Closed_system
State of thermodynamic systems where no net flow of matter or energy occurs
Thermodynamic equilibrium is a notion of thermodynamics with axiomatic status[clarification needed] referring to an internal state of a single thermodynamic
Thermodynamic_equilibrium
Field of scientific study
Equilibrium thermodynamics is the systematic study of transformations of matter and energy in systems in terms of a concept called thermodynamic equilibrium
Equilibrium_thermodynamics
Time reversal symmetry in physics
equilibrium states when the second law of thermodynamics predicts the time symmetry to hold. However, quantum noninvasive measurements are predicted to
T-symmetry
Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
macroscopic quantities thermodynamic work and heat transfer as defined in thermodynamics, but the kelvin was redefined by international agreement in 2019 in
Thermodynamic_temperature
Pair of values which express a thermodynamic system's internal energy
In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is expressed in terms of pairs of conjugate variables such as temperature and entropy, pressure and
Conjugate variables (thermodynamics)
Conjugate_variables_(thermodynamics)
Properties independent of system size, and proportional to system size
and extensive properties has some theoretical uses. For example, in thermodynamics, the state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by
Intensive and extensive properties
Intensive_and_extensive_properties
Journal
semi-classical approximations in quantum theory, quantum thermodynamics and statistical physics, quantum computation and control theory." IJGMMP was founded
International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
International_Journal_of_Geometric_Methods_in_Modern_Physics
Serbian-born British physicist (1971-)
broad range of topics within quantum physics, including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum thermodynamics. In recognition of his scholarly
Vlatko_Vedral
Thermodynamic process
Isochoric process Isothermal process Polytrope Quasistatic equilibrium Thermodynamics Vapor-compression refrigeration Horedt, G. P. (2004-08-10). Polytropes:
Polytropic_process
Physics applied to chemical systems
and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical
Physical_chemistry
Equation of the state of a hypothetical ideal gas
kinetic energy with temperature Configuration integral – Function in thermodynamics and statistical physics Dynamic pressure – Kinetic energy per unit volume
Ideal_gas_law
A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics. 1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer
Timeline_of_thermodynamics
Chemical process in the liquefaction of gas
Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth
Hampson–Linde_cycle
Mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics
mathematical tool used in quantum mechanics, particularly in quantum information science, quantum optics, and quantum thermodynamics, to describe the joint
Margenau-Hill quasiprobability distribution
Margenau-Hill_quasiprobability_distribution
theory of everything loop quantum gravity spin network black hole thermodynamics Quantum group Hopf algebra Noncommutative quantum field theory See list of
List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory
Physics textbooks List
mechanics and quantum mechanics List of textbooks in electromagnetism List of textbooks on relativity List of textbooks in thermodynamics and statistical
List_of_textbooks_in_physics
Thermodynamic process in which no mass or heat is exchanged with surroundings
quantum adiabatic process provides a good justification for identifying it as the quantum analogue of adiabatic processes in classical thermodynamics
Adiabatic_process
Refrigerator that uses a heat source
absorption step, repeating the cycle. Adsorption refrigeration Icyball Quantum absorption refrigerator Granryd, Eric; Palm, Björn (2005), "4-3", Refrigerating
Absorption_refrigerator
Type of dense exotic matter in physics
"degeneration"; he attributed this to quantum effects. In subsequent work in various papers on quantum thermodynamics by Albert Einstein, by Max Planck,
Degenerate_matter
Thermodynamic process with no change in enthalpy
Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, Section 2.1 (3rd edition). G. J. Van Wylen and R. E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, Section 5.13 (3rd
Isenthalpic_process
quantities in thermodynamics, using mathematical notation, are as follows: Many of the definitions below are also used in the thermodynamics of chemical
Table of thermodynamic equations
Table_of_thermodynamic_equations
Heat required to raise the temperature of a given unit of mass of a substance
In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in
Specific_heat_capacity
Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist (1844–1906)
require quantum statistics and provide insight into the meaning of temperature. He made multiple attempts to explain the second law of thermodynamics, with
Ludwig_Boltzmann
Absorption refrigerator invented in 1930
Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth
Einstein_refrigerator
Thermodynamic cycle
Thermodynamics The classical Carnot heat engine Branches Classical Statistical Chemical Quantum thermodynamics Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Laws Zeroth
Atkinson_cycle
Function describing equilibrium states of a system
In the thermodynamics of equilibrium, a state function, function of state, or point function for a thermodynamic system is a function relating several
State_function
Law of physics and chemistry
conserved. This is obvious to a modern analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics, but in the 18th and 19th centuries, the fate of the lost energy was
Conservation_of_energy
Process that cannot be undone or reversed
In thermodynamics, an irreversible process is a process impossible to reverse or undo. All complex natural processes are irreversible, although a phase
Irreversible_process
Branch of thermodynamics
Computational thermodynamics is the use of computers to simulate thermodynamic problems specific to materials science, particularly used in the construction
Computational_thermodynamics
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
the quantum entanglement of small bits of spacetime information. As such, entropic gravity is said to abide by the second law of thermodynamics under
Entropic_gravity
Ecuadorian-American chemical physicist
statistical mechanics, stochastic processes, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and quantum thermodynamics. She is Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Chancellor's
Katja_Lindenberg
Physical property of matter
done and the change in internal energy, according to the first law of thermodynamics. The heat capacity is called C p {\displaystyle C_{p}} and defined as:
Heat_capacity
Topics referred to by the same term
involving a vascular tumor KMS state (Kubo–Martin–Schwinger), in quantum thermodynamics Kernel mode-setting, of computer display KMS driver, Linux kernel
KMS
thought experiments History of quantum field theory History of chemistry History of molecular theory History of thermodynamics Timeline of atomic and subatomic
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Quantum field theory at non-zero temperatures
or thermo field dynamics. Matsubara summation Polyakov loop Quantum thermodynamics Quantum statistical mechanics Mustafa, Munshi G. (2023-08-01). "An introduction
Thermal_quantum_field_theory
Thermodynamic process
In thermodynamics, a quasi-static process, also known as a quasi-equilibrium process (from Latin quasi, meaning ‘as if’), is a thermodynamic process that
Quasistatic_process
Thermodynamic quantity
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient
Heat_capacity_ratio
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
from a colder place to a warmer place. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder location to a hotter area;
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
Equations on thermodynamic quantities
In thermodynamics, the fundamental thermodynamic relation are four fundamental equations which demonstrate how four important thermodynamic quantities
Fundamental thermodynamic relation
Fundamental_thermodynamic_relation
Mass fraction of a saturated mixture which is vapor
In thermodynamics, vapor quality is the mass fraction that is vapor in a saturated mixture; in other words, saturated vapor has a "quality" of 100%, and
Vapor_quality
Model that is used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems
Conference 2009. Inc. ^Van Wyllen 'Fundamentals of thermodynamics' (ISBN 85-212-0327-6) ^Wong 'Thermodynamics for Engineers',2nd Ed.,2012, CRC Press, Taylor
Rankine_cycle
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