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Value of a given part of a monitored or controlled process
control theory, a process variable (PV; also process value or process parameter) is the current measured value of a particular part of a process which is being
Process_variable
User-definable variable associated with each running process in many operating systems
environment variable is a user-definable value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. Environment variables are part of
Environment_variable
Control loop feedback mechanism
target value (setpoint or SP) with the actual value of the system (process variable or PV). The difference between these two values is called the error
PID_controller
System that manages the behavior of other systems
to automatically control a process or operation. The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the
Control_system
Mathematical variable needed to describe the state of a thermodynamical system
important property which makes them state variables, to be distinguished from e.g. process variables (better: process quantities), for which one cannot speak
State_variable
Fundamental building block of control systems
process necessary to automatically adjust the value of a measured process variable (PV) to equal the value of a desired set-point (SP). Fundamentally
Control_loop
Discipline that uses industrial control to achieve a production level of consistency
sensors continuously measure various process variables (such as temperature, pressure, etc.) and product quality variables. A programmable logic controller
Industrial_process_control
Target value for the process variable of a control system
essential variable, or process value (PV) of a control system, which may differ from the actual measured value of the variable. Departure of such a variable from
Setpoint_(control_system)
Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium
thermodynamic process. The equilibrium states are each respectively fully specified by a suitable set of thermodynamic state variables, that depend only
Thermodynamic_process
Branch of engineering and mathematics
process variable (PV), and compares it with the reference or set point (SP). The difference between actual and desired value of the process variable,
Control_theory
Types of numerical variables in mathematics
a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete. If it can take on two real values and all the values between them, the variable is continuous in
Continuous or discrete variable
Continuous_or_discrete_variable
Valve that regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid
detrimentally affect the process variable, and interaction from other loops in the network provides disturbances that influence the process variable. To reduce the
Flow_control_valve
Critical process parameters (CPP) in pharmaceutical manufacturing are key variables affecting the production process. CPPs are attributes that are monitored
Critical_process_parameters
Engineering discipline that deals with control systems
process variable (PV), and compares it with the reference or set point (SP). The difference between actual and desired value of the process variable,
Control_engineering
Feedback controller
action from the controller is independent of the "process output" (or "controlled process variable"). A good example of this is a central heating boiler
Closed-loop_controller
Computer environment variable
as a child process of the command shell or program that issued the command. On DOS, OS/2, and Windows operating systems, the %PATH% variable is specified
PATH_(variable)
Welding process
Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric arc is formed between an electrode (which
Plasma_arc_welding
Control system whose input is independent of output
action ("input" to the system) is independent of the "process output", which is the process variable that is being controlled. It does not use feedback to
Open-loop_controller
Linear feedback control system
engineering and process control, is a type of linear feedback control system in which a correction is applied to the controlled variable, and the size of
Proportional_control
Collection of random variables
stochastic (/stəˈkæstɪk/) or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a family of random variables in a probability space, where the index
Stochastic_process
Statistical model
and explain the mechanism or process that underlies the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, through the inclusion of a
Mediation_(statistics)
Concept in statistics
processing, bioinformatics, chemometrics, demography, economics, management, political science, psychology and the social sciences. Latent variables may
Latent and observable variables
Latent_and_observable_variables
Type of random mathematical object
point process has the property that the number of points in a bounded region of the process's underlying space is a Poisson-distributed random variable. Consider
Poisson_point_process
Control systems and control theory based on negative feedback
feedback for producing a control signal to maintain the controlled process variable (PV) at the desired setpoint (SP). There are several types of linear
Linear_control
Process control systems and associated instrumentation
measuring process variables (PVs), compare the collected data with desired setpoints (SPs), and derive command functions that are used to control a process through
Industrial_control_system
Advanced method of process control
dependent variables of the modeled system that will be caused by changes in the independent variables. In a chemical process, independent variables that can
Model_predictive_control
Process of altering the timing of a valve lift event
Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve
Variable_valve_timing
Use of various control systems for operating equipment
action from the controller is independent of the "process output" (or "controlled process variable"). A good example of this is a central heating boiler
Automation
Data transmission rate management
sensor is used to capture a process variable. The process variable is sent to a transmitter which translates the variable to the controller. The controller
Flow_control_(data)
Variable representing a random phenomenon
A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which
Random_variable
Markov-based processes with variable "memory"
In the mathematical theory of stochastic processes, variable-order Markov (VOM) models are an important class of models that extend the well known Markov
Variable-order_Markov_model
Random process of binary (boolean) random variables
Bernoulli process (named after Jacob Bernoulli) is a finite or infinite sequence of binary random variables, so it is a discrete-time stochastic process that
Bernoulli_process
Semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process
arc welding (FCAW or FCA) is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process. FCAW requires a continuously-fed consumable tubular electrode containing
Flux-cored_arc_welding
Statistical model
probability theory and statistics, a Gaussian process is a stochastic process (a collection of random variables indexed by time or space), such that every
Gaussian_process
State of a system after conditions are changed, before it settles into steady state
system is said to be transient or in a transient state when a process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a steady
Transient_state
Joining metals using electricity, beneath a granulated flux material
arc welding (SAW) is a common arc welding process. The first SAW patent was taken out in 1935. The process requires a continuously fed consumable solid
Submerged_arc_welding
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes systematically with time. This variation may be caused by
Variable_star
Method in statistics
random variable. It is applicable when the random variable being considered can be defined as a differentiable function of a random variable which is
Delta_method
Error condition in a proportional–integral–derivative controller
integration: disabling the integral function until the to-be-controlled process variable (PV) has entered the controllable region Preventing the integral term
Integral_windup
Programming language
). The scope of a private variable is the local function, the scope of a public variable is the entire process. Variables, private and public, may be
Caché_ObjectScript
Method to develop and test theories
2011). Process-tracing thus focuses on (complex) causal relationships between the independent variable(s) and the outcome of the dependent variable(s), evaluates
Process_tracing
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
all commands the exit status is stored in the special variable $?. Bash 3.0 supports in-process regular expression matching using a syntax reminiscent
Bash_(Unix_shell)
In the theory of stochastic processes in probability theory and statistics, a nuisance variable is a random variable that is fundamental to the probabilistic
Nuisance_variable
Form of outsourcing
competencies. By transforming fixed costs into variable costs, companies can accelerate business processes and leverage specialized expertise from third-party
Business_process_outsourcing
Topics referred to by the same term
a process variable Anti-lock brake controller, in an anti-lock braking system Industrial control system, a general term used in industrial process control
Controller
Optimization technique
has the ability to contribute valuable information on the effect of process variables on a particular product characteristic or feature. Typical methods
EVOP
Concept in probability and statistics
statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution
Independent and identically distributed random variables
Independent_and_identically_distributed_random_variables
Randomly determined process
stochastic process as a family of random variables indexed by the real line. Further fundamental work on probability theory and stochastic processes was done
Stochastic
Branch of engineering studying process variables
measurement and control of process variables, and the design and implementation of systems that incorporate them. Process variables include pressure, temperature
Instrumentation and control engineering
Instrumentation_and_control_engineering
Type of data structure
end do o = process(vals,n) end function read_and_process Certain C language standards require support for variable-length arrays. Variable-length arrays
Variable-length_array
Dedicated computer system
monitor a process variable and, based on an error term, effect change on a control output (manipulated variable) to drive the process variable to a setpoint
Computer_appliance
Representation of a type of random process
random process. It can be used to describe time-varying processes from many natural and artificial sources. The model specifies output variables that are
Autoregressive_model
continuous-time stochastic process, or a continuous-space-time stochastic process is a stochastic process for which the index variable takes a continuous set
Continuous-time stochastic process
Continuous-time_stochastic_process
Statistical principle about ratio of effects to causes
explained by a large proportion of process variation being associated with a small proportion of process variables. This is a special case of the wider
Pareto_principle
Topics referred to by the same term
Variable data printing, type of on-demand printing in which text and graphics may be altered in-process Variable data publishing, may to any variable
VDP
Printing process
Rotogravure (or gravure for short) is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing
Rotogravure
Topics referred to by the same term
process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a steady state. Transient modelling, a way of looking at a process
Transience
Enclosed volume where interconversion of compounds takes place
state, and key process variables change with time. There are three idealised models used to estimate the most important process variables of different chemical
Chemical_reactor
Science and research term
intuitive, the variable is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing. In data processing data are often
Variable and attribute (research)
Variable_and_attribute_(research)
Statistical phenomenon
of an independent variable A on an outcome variable C via a mediator variable B differs depending on levels of a moderator variable D. Specifically, either
Moderated_mediation
rules of measuring in physics. Quality as a variable refers to qualitative changes in the production process. Qualitative changes take place when relative
Measurement_in_economics
Frameworks for modeling variables that evolve over time
analog signal at constant or variable rate. This process is called sampling. By observing an inherently discrete-time process, such as the weekly peak value
Discrete time and continuous time
Discrete_time_and_continuous_time
Time at which a random variable stops exhibiting a behavior of interest
type of "random time": a random variable whose value is interpreted as the time at which a given stochastic process exhibits a certain behavior of interest
Stopping_time
input as well as dimensional tolerances. The vibration welding process has five main variables: frequency, amplitude, pressure, time, and depth. Frequency
Vibration welding of thermoplastics
Vibration_welding_of_thermoplastics
Topics referred to by the same term
in fluid dynamics Presta valve, one of the two common tire valves Process variable, in control systems Programmed visibility, of traffic signals Parvalbumin
PV
Stochastic process modeling random walk with friction
nontrivial process that satisfies these three conditions, up to allowing linear transformations of the space and time variables. Over time, the process tends
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck_process
Component of a computer process
dynamically allocated variables and non-thread-local global variables at any given time. The implementation of threads and processes differs between operating
Thread_(computing)
Random process independent of past history
the process, as follows. Let X t {\displaystyle X_{t}} be the random variable describing the state of the process at time t, and assume the process is
Markov_chain
Piece of machine equipment
motor drive". Power electronics-based variable-frequency drives are rapidly making older technologies redundant. Process control and energy conservation are
Motor_drive
Device for extracting and cleaning a filtrate
food processing and rocket fuels. A suspension feed enters the process to undergo pre-acceleration and distribution. The subsequent processes involve
Pusher_centrifuge
Probability distribution
a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f(x)=12πσ2exp(−(x−μ)22σ2)
Normal_distribution
Technique in statistics
the explanatory variable (the variable correlated with the endogenous variable) but has no independent effect on the dependent variable and is not correlated
Instrumental_variables
Pair of values which express a thermodynamic system's internal energy
internal energy of a system is expressed in terms of pairs of conjugate variables such as temperature and entropy, pressure and volume, or chemical potential
Conjugate variables (thermodynamics)
Conjugate_variables_(thermodynamics)
Class of stochastic process
only transitory effects, with the variable tending towards a deterministically evolving mean. A trend-stationary process is not strictly stationary but can
Stationary_process
Mutual exclusion algorithm
section on the part of processes 0 and 1, respectively, and a variable turn that indicates who has priority between the two processes. Dekker's algorithm
Dekker's_algorithm
Electrical signalling scheme
instruments in series. The relationship between current value and process variable measurement is set by calibration, which assigns different ranges of
Current_loop
Outputs created from a common input
processing a common input; this common process is also called joint production. A joint product can be the output of a process with fixed or variable
Joint_product
Type of signal in signal processing
image processing, the pixels of a white noise image are typically arranged in a rectangular grid, and are assumed to be independent random variables with
White_noise
Theoretical framework
development of a system model which takes all system variables into account at a high level may make the process of understanding the system functionality more
Conceptual_model
Concept in probability theory and statistics
complex random variables are found in digital signal processing, quadrature amplitude modulation and information theory. A complex random variable Z {\displaystyle
Complex_random_variable
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
on variables whose sizes are greater than the length of the word. For example, where an 8-bit processor must add two 16-bit integers, the processor must
Parallel_computing
Sharing of data between running processes in a computer system
monolithic kernel (central, with less spawn independent processes). IPC interfaces generally encompass variable analytic framework structures. This IPCs methods
Inter-process_communication
Observed value of a random variable
height, a given realization could be "2 meters”. The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about. Statistical quantities
Realization_(probability)
Concept in control theory
control computer, that identifies important independent and dependent process variables and the dynamic relationships (models) between them and often uses
Advanced_process_control
Relational database and programming language
myProcessVariable and live throughout the duration of the process. Inter-process (or Global) variables are prefixed with a <> like <>myGlobalVariable and live
4th_Dimension_(software)
Computer programming, a variable accessible throughout a computer program
the current process ID. Local variable Non-local variable Singleton pattern Variables Static variable Dynamic variable External variable "Fortran 77 Tutorial"
Global_variable
Fresh variables may be used to replace other variables, to eliminate variable shadowing or capture. For instance, in alpha-conversion, the processing of
Fresh_variable
Concept in mathematics or computer science
science, a variable may be said to be either free or bound. Some older books use the terms real variable and apparent variable for free variable and bound
Free variables and bound variables
Free_variables_and_bound_variables
that explain the variance in a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. While process theories focus on how something happens, variance
Process_theory
Probability distribution modeling a coin toss which need not be fair
Jacob Bernoulli, is the discrete probability distribution of a random variable which takes the value 1 with probability p {\displaystyle p} and the value
Bernoulli_distribution
Stochastic process in probability theory
stochastic process assigns a random variable Xt to each point t ≥ 0 in time. In effect it is a random function of t. The increments of such a process are the
Lévy_process
Computerized control system with distributed decision-making
as the final control element. The controller compares the measured process variable with the required setpoint and adjusts the control valve to reduce
Distributed_control_system
signal processing operations. The signals processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous variable in a domain
Glossary_of_computer_science
Central computer component that executes instructions
A central processing unit (CPU), also known as a central processor, main processor, or simply processor, is the primary processor in a given computer
Central_processing_unit
User-friendly interactive Unix shell
expanding file paths (with wildcards and brace expansion), environment variables, and command-specific completions. Command-specific completions, including
Fish_(Unix_shell)
Type of star that is luminous, blue, and variable in brightness
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are rare, massive, evolved stars that show unpredictable and sometimes dramatic variations in their spectra and brightness
Luminous_blue_variable
Type of on-demand printing in which text and graphics may be altered in-process
Variable data printing (VDP) (also known as variable information printing (VIP) or variable imaging (VI)) is a form of digital printing, including on-demand
Variable_data_printing
Random variable with multiple component dimensions
aggregate random variables, e.g. a random matrix, random tree, random sequence, stochastic process, etc. Formally, a multivariate random variable is a column
Multivariate_random_variable
Free graphics library
use of static variables and methods in classes is prohibited unless Processing is explicitly told to code in pure Java mode. Processing also allows for
Processing
Stochastic process that is a continuous function of time or index parameter
stochastic process is a continuous variable. Some authors define a "continuous (stochastic) process" as only requiring that the index variable be continuous
Continuous_stochastic_process
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