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Science and research term
science and research, an attribute is a quality of an object (person, thing, etc.). Attributes are closely related to variables. A variable is a logical
Variable and attribute (research)
Variable_and_attribute_(research)
Topics referred to by the same term
complex analysis Variable (research), a logical set of attributes Control variable, a measurable entity which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout
Variable
Concept in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences
statistics and machine learning), the dependent variable is called target variable (or in some tools as label attribute), while an independent variable may be
Dependent and independent variables
Dependent_and_independent_variables
User-definable variable associated with each running process in many operating systems
environment variable is a user-definable value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. Environment variables are part of
Environment_variable
individual attributes of various variables, scales are more nuanced and take into account differences in intensity among the attribute of the same variable in
Composite_measure
Single, ordinal psychometric scale
sensitivity in recording the assessed attribute, as illustrated by Example 1. Example 1: Dichotomous variables A Guttman scale may be hypothesized for
Guttman_scale
Member variable of a class that all its objects possess a their own copy of
the instance variable. An instance variable is not a class variable, although there are similarities. Both are a type of class attribute (or class property
Instance_variable
categories) or continuous (numerical) attributes as the variables being explained (dependent variables). By modeling these attribute patterns, ALAAMs help reveal
Autologistic actor attribute models
Autologistic_actor_attribute_models
Type of data measuring one attribute
a research question with descriptive study and the second one is to get knowledge about how attribute varies with individual effect of a variable in
Univariate_(statistics)
Statistical method in psychology
of several attributes of people that may be observed and measured. Examples of measured variables could be the physical height, weight, and pulse rate
Exploratory_factor_analysis
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
POINTER variable, for example following a linked list. The AREA attribute is used to declare programmer-defined heaps. Data can be allocated and freed within
PL/I
Airplane wings capable of changing position to alter their geometry
variable-sweep wing, colloquially known as a "swing wing", is an airplane wing, or set of wings, that may be modified during flight, swept back and then
Variable-sweep_wing
Survey-based statistical technique
survey-based statistical technique used in market research that helps determine how people value different attributes (feature, function, benefits) that make up
Conjoint_analysis
Type of statistical bias
omitted-variable bias (OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing the effect
Omitted-variable_bias
Operations research that evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making
government and medicine). It is also known as multi-attribute decision making (MADM), multiple attribute utility theory, multiple attribute value theory
Multiple-criteria decision analysis
Multiple-criteria_decision_analysis
Type of requirement in systems engineering
Eeles on ResearchGate". "Quality Attributes" (PDF). sei.cmu.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2012. "The SEI Quality Attribute Workshop"
Architecturally significant requirements
Architecturally_significant_requirements
Qualitative methodology used to describe traits of humans on psychological attributes
and social research in general. Psychographic attributes can be contrasted with demographic variables (such as age and gender), behavioral variables (such
Psychographics
Individual component of an HTML document
document fragment, interface and attribute nodes). The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many
HTML_element
Statistical method
operations research, finance, and machine learning. It may help to deal with data sets where there are large numbers of observed variables that are thought
Factor_analysis
List of probabilistic data structures for databases
attribute can take any of the values b3, b3′ or b3′′) Assuming that there is uncertainty about the first tuple, certainty about the second tuple, and
Probabilistic_database
Language for the .NET platform
Wrapper(var attribute) { this.attribute = attribute; } public var get() { return attribute; } public void set(var attribute) { this.attribute = attribute; } }
StaDyn
Protocol for communicating routing information on the Internet
withdrawn. Withdrawn Routes: variable A list of withdrawn routes, specified as a series of <length, prefix> tuples. Total Path Attribute Length: 16 bits Length
Border_Gateway_Protocol
Gain from observing another random variable
value of attribute a {\displaystyle a} . This is intuitively plausible when interpreting entropy Η as a measure of uncertainty of a random variable T {\displaystyle
Information gain (decision tree)
Information_gain_(decision_tree)
OFFSET variable identifies the relative location of a based variable in the containing file. A DESCRIPTOR variable resembles a pointer variable, but also
Apple_(programming_language)
Monitoring system in computer drives
T. information and annualized failure rates: In the 60 days following the first uncorrectable error on a drive (S.M.A.R.T. attribute 0xC6 or 198) detected
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology
System for displaying information by using different colors
the variable type: Categorical variable – the variable may represent discrete values of unordered qualitative data (e.g. blood type) Binary variables are
Color_code
Computing paradigm based on information entities ("granules")
set (value-attribute system) onto different sets of variables, we recognize alternative sets of equivalence-class "concepts" in the data, and these different
Granular_computing
Systematic study undertaken to increase knowledge
dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ probability
Research
that make up the investigated attribute (the content-universe). Hence, Facet theory proposes techniques for sampling variables for observation from the entire
Facet_theory
the redundancy or dependency among a set of n random variables. For a given set of n random variables { X 1 , X 2 , … , X n } {\displaystyle \{X_{1},X_{2}
Total_correlation
Research conducted by social scientists
attributes: male, female and non-binary gender. Variables are also divided into independent variables (data) that influences the dependent variables (which
Social_research
Belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another
(the ability to confidently attribute change to one variable or cause), qualitative depth, and finances available for research. Experimental methods, which
Causation_(sociology)
Graphic techniques used in visual design
purposefully distorted to represent a variable other than area. A shape is a simple design that is used to symbolize an attribute on a map. Shape is most commonly
Visual_variable
Decision tree algorithm
iteration of the algorithm, it iterates through every unused attribute of the set S {\displaystyle S} and calculates the entropy H ( S ) {\displaystyle \mathrm
ID3_algorithm
of their attributes on multiple variables. Such classification is usually done on a nominal scale. Typologies are used in both qualitative and quantitative
Typology (social science research method)
Typology_(social_science_research_method)
Extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect
differences. When the researcher may confidently attribute the observed changes or differences in the dependent variable to the independent variable (that is, when
Internal_validity
Branch of statistics
inference and inference of association is that causal inference analyzes the response of an effect variable when a cause of the effect variable is changed
Causal_inference
Book by Robert Heinlein and Spider Robinson
Variable Star is a 2006 science fiction novel by American author Spider Robinson, based on the surviving seven pages of an eight-page 1955 novel outline
Variable_Star
interpretation and attributes of a set of identifiers. A definition of an identifier is a declaration for that identifier that: for an object [variable or constant]
Glossary_of_computer_science
Species of bird
The variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) is a species of wader in the family Haematopodidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The Māori name is tōrea-pango
Variable_oystercatcher
Causal or moderating relationship between statistical variables
that is common in social and health science research: the interaction between an explanatory variable and an environmental variable suggests that the effect
Interaction_(statistics)
Overall strategy utilized to carry out research
and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and
Research_design
Database model
relation names and attribute names. We will represent these as strings such as "Person" and "name" and we will usually use the variables r , s , t , …
Relational_model
Method for analyzing revealed preferences
may be attribute specific or some other function of the variables (which would explain the discrepancy). This is a subject of current research in the
Choice_modelling
Machine learning algorithm
target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches
Decision_tree_learning
Statistical bias in linear regressions
the independent variable. Consider fitting a straight line for the relationship of an outcome variable y to a predictor variable x, and estimating the
Regression_dilution
Choice between two or more discrete alternatives
(latent) variables, they are referred as hybrid choice models. Marketing researchers use discrete choice models to study consumer demand and to predict
Discrete_choice
Causal research, is the investigation of (research into) cause-relationships. To determine causality, variation in the variable presumed to influence the
Causal_research
attempting multiple transformations of an explanatory variable in generalized linear models". BMC Medical Research Methodology. 13 (1): 75. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-75
Data_analysis
Machine learning method
Versteeg, R.; Conte, M.; Varesio, L. (2013). "Use of Attribute Driven Incremental Discretization and Logic Learning Machine to build a prognostic classifier
Logic_learning_machine
Probability distribution
theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The
Normal_distribution
General-purpose programming language
explicit object-oriented programming via an obj keyword and a typestates system for variable state changes, such as going from uninitialized to initialized
Rust_(programming_language)
Statistical data type
data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known.
Ordinal_data
The attribute hierarchy method (AHM), is a cognitively based psychometric procedure developed by Jacqueline Leighton, Mark Gierl, and Steve Hunka at the
Attribute_hierarchy_method
All procedures for the numerical representation of empirical facts
controlling other variables relevant to the experimental outcomes. In the field of health, for example, researchers might measure and study the relationship
Quantitative_research
Distinction between nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio variables
the difference between categorical, ordinal and interval variables?". Institute for Digital Research and Education. University of California, Los Angeles
Level_of_measurement
Plot using the dispersal of scattered dots to show the relationship between variables
each one's lung capacity (first variable) and how long that person could hold their breath (second variable). The researcher would then plot the data in a
Scatter_plot
Statistical modeling method
(dependent variable) and one or more explanatory variables (regressor or independent variable). A model with exactly one explanatory variable is a simple
Linear_regression
(2004), Quantifying and visualizing attribute interactions: An approach based on entropy, Journal of Machine Learning Research, (submitted) pp. 38–43
Kirkwood_approximation
"noise-reduction" bias, unilaterial variable-area both with and without "noise-reduction" bias, and an extra cost "Modulite" unilateral variable area which featured a
Auricon
Scientific inquiry based on observation or experimental procedure
to experience and empirical evidence, modern science places a much greater emphasis on the process of empirical research. He attributes the beginning
Empirical_research
Process in machine learning and statistics
selection is the process of selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors) for use in model construction. Feature selection techniques
Feature_selection
Whether items that propose to measure the same construct produce similar scores
In statistics and research, internal consistency is typically a measure based on the correlations between different items on the same test (or the same
Internal_consistency
About polynomials in several variables
Jacobian conjecture is a conjecture concerning polynomials in several variables that states that if a polynomial function from an n {\displaystyle n}
Jacobian_conjecture
Methods employed to reduce error in science tests
receive the experimental treatment, allowing researchers to isolate the effect of the independent variable. Scientific controls are a fundamental part
Scientific_control
Type of quantum mechanics theory
In physics, a hidden-variable theory is a deterministic model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional
Hidden-variable_theory
Graphical model
data set, and edges represent the dependencies between these objects. Each object and edge receives a type, and each object has an attribute set. Model
Relational_dependency_network
Design of tasks
more independent variables, also referred to as "input variables" or "predictor variables." The change in one or more independent variables is generally hypothesized
Design_of_experiments
dependent variable in the resulting choice model. A choice set has the following elements: Alternatives: A number of hypothetical alternatives, Car A and Car
Choice_set
In-depth, detailed examination of a particular case
value on the X variable. Arend Lijphart, and Harry Eckstein identified five types of case study research designs (depending on the research objectives),
Case_study
Star in the Taurus constellation
they attribute to the rotation of a starspot. Intense study of large numbers of stars suggest that 6.7% of stars with temperatures between 10,000 K and 18
Maia_(star)
Unix access rights flag
setuid and an environment variable that allowed executing code from untrusted shared libraries. The setuid bit was invented by Dennis Ritchie and was in
Setuid
Approximation of a mathematical set
the discovery of attribute dependencies; that is, we wish to discover which variables are strongly related to which other variables. Generally, it is
Rough_set
Concept in psychology
outcome Additional research led to the hypothesis that typical expectancy shifts were displayed more often by those who attributed their outcomes to ability
Locus_of_control
Error in statistical reasoning with groups
"lurking" variable (or confounding variable) causing the paradox is the size of the stones, which was not previously known to researchers to be important
Simpson's_paradox
Experiment methodology
multiple versions of a single variable, for example by testing a subject's response to variant A against variant B, and to determine which of the variants
A/B_testing
Function with variable number of arguments
In mathematics and in computer programming, a variadic function is a function of indefinite arity, i.e., one which accepts a variable number of arguments
Variadic_function
Table layout for visualizing performance; also called an error matrix
indicates that a particular condition or attribute is present Some researchers have argued that the confusion matrix, and the metrics derived from it, do not
Confusion_matrix
Simulation system language
("Blocks") to control the flow of a Transaction, statistics collection, and variables. Simulations have Transaction entry points through the GENERATE command
GPSS
Method used in statistics, pattern recognition, and other fields
observations x → {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}} (also called features, attributes, variables or measurements) for each sample of an object or event with known
Linear_discriminant_analysis
Statistical test
to influence a Dependent variable. It is used in the fields of Psychology, Agriculture, Education, and Biomedical research. For example, it can be used
Two-way_analysis_of_variance
Method to develop and test theories
cases. This can create a stronger basis for attributing causal significance to the remaining independent variables. A limitation to process-tracing is the
Process_tracing
Process involving chance used in research for allocating experimental subjects to groups
provides control for all attributes of the members of the samples—in contrast to matching on only one or more variables—and provides the mathematical
Random_assignment
Class of web security vulnerabilities
JavaScript execution context and HTML elements in the Document Object Model (DOM). When an undefined JavaScript variable is declared in the same context
DOM_clobbering
32-bit computer number format
floating radix point. A floating-point variable can represent a wider range of numbers than a fixed-point variable of the same bit width at the cost of
Single-precision floating-point format
Single-precision_floating-point_format
XML-based markup language
that permits the combination of results of a variable of each rule in a final result; defuzzifier attribute defines the method used to execute the conversion
Fuzzy_markup_language
Where all data references are valid
it requires that if a value of one attribute (column) of a relation (table) references a value of another attribute (either in the same or a different
Referential_integrity
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
m input variables x1,i ... xm,i (also called independent variables, explanatory variables, predictor variables, features, or attributes), and a binary
Logistic_regression
Theoretical framework
dependent variable is a polynomial of the independent variable with parametric coefficients, model selection is selecting the highest exponent, and may be
Conceptual_model
Script file for Microsoft computer operating systems
replaceable parameters, whereas Digital Research, Novell and Caldera established the term replacement variables for them. JP Software calls them batch
Batch_file
Married couple of British evolutionary biologists
islands; four species were significantly less variable on the islands, and one species was significantly more variable. On average, the birds on the islands had
Peter_and_Rosemary_Grant
Refutation of a logical fallacy
to the inability to legitimately deduce a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or variables solely on the basis of an observed association
Correlation does not imply causation
Correlation_does_not_imply_causation
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
using all information from the observed variables. This means the estimates are more accurate than if a researcher were to calculate each part of the model
Structural_equation_modeling
Measurement of algorithmic bias
{\displaystyle R} on the sensitive attribute A {\displaystyle A} must be justified by the actual dependence of the true target variable Y {\displaystyle Y} . Another
Fairness_(machine_learning)
of variables: Yes / No variables (n=48): For this type of variable, candidates are assigned a score of 1 if they possess a certain attribute and 0 otherwise
Bio-index_model
Collection of data
characteristics define a data set's structure and properties. These include the number and types of the attributes or variables, and various statistical measures applicable
Data_set
Method in machine learning
is similar to bagging except that the features ("attributes", "predictors", "independent variables") are randomly sampled, with replacement, for each
Random_subspace_method
Study with uncontrolled variable of interest
social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws conclusions without controlling the independent variable due to ethical or practical
Observational_study
Concept in psychology and communication studies
Association Test (IAT) examines the strength between the target concept and an attribute element by considering the latency in which a person can examine two
Attitude_(psychology)
Open standard from the medical computer science
can have only one attribute containing pixel data. For many modalities, this corresponds to a single image. However, the attribute may contain multiple
DICOM
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