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1988 Soviet missions to Mars
moon Phobos. Phobos 1 was launched on 7 July 1988, and Phobos 2 on 12 July 1988. Phobos 1 suffered a terminal failure en route to Mars. Phobos 2 attained
Phobos_program
Soviet Mars moon probe (1988–1989)
Phobos 2 was the last space probe designed by the Soviet Union. It was designed to explore the moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. It was launched on 12
Phobos_2
Soviet mars probe
Phobos 1 was a failed uncrewed Soviet space probe of the Phobos Program, intended to explore Mars and its moon Phobos, launched in July 1988. The Phobos
Phobos_1
Larger of the two moons of Mars
astronomer Asaph Hall. Phobos is named after the Greek god of fear and panic, who is the twin brother of Deimos and son of Ares (Mars). Phobos is a small, irregularly
Phobos_(moon)
Natural satellites of the planet Mars
planet) into battle. Compared to the Earth's Moon, the moons Phobos and Deimos are very small. Phobos has a diameter of 22.2 km (13.8 mi) and a mass of 1.08×1016
Moons_of_Mars
2011 Russian attempted sample-return mission to the Martian moon Phobos
Fobos-Grunt or Phobos-Grunt (Russian: Фобос-Грунт, lit. 'Phobos-soil') was an attempted Russian sample return mission to Phobos, one of the moons of Mars
Fobos-Grunt
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Phobos in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Phobos (Greek for "fear") most commonly refers to: Phobos (moon), a moon of Mars Phobos (mythology)
Phobos
Japanese sample-return mission to Phobos
back the first samples from Mars's larger moon Phobos. MMX will deploy a rover to the surface of Phobos, land and collect samples from the surface, and
Martian_Moons_eXploration
Soviet dog, first animal to orbit Earth (c. 1954–1957)
Laika's death. In Warsaw Pact countries, open criticism of the Soviet space program was difficult because of political censorship, but there were notable cases
Laika
Space program of the Soviet Union
however it failed en route. Two more spacecraft were sent during the Phobos program; both failed. In 1996, Russia launched Mars 96, its first interplanetary
Soviet_Mars_program
1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
The Shuttle–Mir program (Russian: Программа «Мир»–«Шаттл») was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States that involved American
Shuttle–Mir_program
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
probe program Meteor meteorological satellites Molniya communications satellites Mir space station Proton satellites Phobos Mars probes program Salyut
Soviet_space_program
NASA Mars orbiter mission concept
Discovery Program List of missions to Mars Phobos Surveyor (US mission to Phobos design) Fobos Grunt (Russian mission to Phobos) Phobos program (Soviet
Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment
Phobos_And_Deimos_&_Mars_Environment
Smaller and outer moon of Mars
years ago. The common progenitor of Phobos and Deimos was most probably hit by another object and shattered to form Phobos and Deimos. Deimos is a gray-colored
Deimos_(moon)
Proposed Phobos orbiter
PhobosPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment – NASA Mars orbiter mission concept Phobos program –
Phobos_Surveyor
Proposed Mars exploration aircraft
Mars 2 Mars 3 Mariner 9 Mars 4† Mars 5 Viking program Viking 1 Viking 2 Phobos program Phobos 1† Phobos 2† Mars Observer† Mars Global Surveyor Nozomi†
Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer
Investigation of outer space
begin exploration of the Phobos and Martian circumterrestrial orbit, and study whether the moons of Mars, or at least Phobos, could be a "trans-shipment
Space_exploration
probes Phobos 1 and 2 were sent to Mars in 1988 to study Mars and its two moons, with a focus on Phobos. Phobos 1 lost contact on the way to Mars. Phobos 2
Exploration_of_Mars
being detected earlier. The Russian Space Research Institute's Phobos 1 (Phobos program) deactivated its attitude thrusters and could no longer properly
List_of_software_bugs
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
engineer and spacecraft designer who led the development of the Soviet space program during the early years of the Space Race. Korolev directed development
Sergei_Korolev
Russian upper stage rocket engine
Isayev Chemical Engineering Design Bureau, for the two spacecraft of the Phobos program. While the Mars missions were unsuccessful, the spacecraft manufacturer
S5.92
Fear of the number 13
Ancient Greek τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaídeka) 'thirteen' and Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is fear or avoidance of the number 13. It is also a reason for
Triskaidekaphobia
Soviet Mars rover launched in 1971
had an algorithm to overcome obstacles: when it approached one, it was programmed to reverse and "use the skids on alternate sides to walk around the obstacle"
PrOP-M
Type of spacecraft
Martian moons Phobos and Deimos, only few of them intended to land on the surface of these satellites. Two probes under the Soviet Phobos program were successfully
Lander_(spacecraft)
Russian scientist (1857–1935)
and Valentin Glushko, who contributed to the success of the Soviet space program. Tsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts of
Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program. The
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Soviet pioneer cosmonaut (1934–1968)
States Congress) (18 May 2013). Histories of the Soviet / Russian Space Program. Vol. 1. Progressive Management Publications. ISBN 978-1-5496-9658-9. OCLC 1019250543
Yuri_Gagarin
Soviet-era program that sent dogs to space
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet space program used dogs for suborbital and orbital space flights as proof-of-concept to determine whether human spaceflight
Soviet_space_dogs
Viking program — two NASA orbiters and landers (1974) Phobos program — failed USSR orbiters and Phobos landers For completeness, this section lists probes
List_of_Solar_System_probes
Soviet space station programme
flew under the Salyut designation. Salyut 1, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station. Salyut flights broke several
Salyut_programme
Russian Aerospace Company
interplanetary probe designs for Luna sample return program, the Lunokhod program, Vega program, Phobos program, etc. The former OKB-301 became named NPO Lavochkin
Lavochkin
Proposed Russian Mars sample-return mission
atmosphere, solar radiation, and the surface of Mars Spaceflight portal Phobos program Phobos-Grunt design Zak, Anatoly (4 May 2017). "ExoMars to pave the way
Mars-Grunt
Failed Mars mission
Pacific Ocean, Chile, and Bolivia. The Mars 96 spacecraft was based on the Phobos probes launched to Mars in 1988. They were of a new design at the time and
Mars_96
Soviet rocket engineer (1908–1989)
was program manager of the Soviet space program from 1974 until 1989. Glushko served as a main designer of rocket engines in the Soviet program during
Valentin_Glushko
Radio telescope in Crimea
observatory — RT-70 Venera 13, Venera 14, Venera 15, Venera 16 Vega program Astron Phobos program Granat Interball Fobos-Grunt (in 2011) Spektr-R In 1999, 2001
Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope
Yevpatoria_RT-70_radio_telescope
Soviet engineer and missile designer (1911–1971)
Soviet engineer born in Irkutsk who was the leading designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union. Yangel was the grandson of a Russian political
Mikhail_Yangel
Soviet human spaceflight project
high-stress situations, and physically fit. Chief designer of the Soviet space program, Sergei Korolev, decided that the cosmonauts must be male, between 25 and
Vostok_programme
Soviet spaceflight program
on 2010-02-07. Retrieved 2010-03-31. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Voskhod program. Voskhod manned space project on Encyclopedia Astronautica
Voskhod_programme
"ALADDIN: PHOBOS-DEIMOS SAMPLE RETURN" (PDF). Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved 12 February 2021. DePhine: The Deimos and Phobos Interior
List_of_missions_to_Mars
Bibliography of works about Russian and Soviet technology
1411–1414. Sagdeev, R. Z., & Zakharov, A. V. (1989). Brief history of the Phobos mission. Nature, 341(6243), 581–585. Siddiqi, A. A. (2000). Challenge to
Bibliography of Russian and Soviet science: Space programs
Bibliography_of_Russian_and_Soviet_science:_Space_programs
European Martian moon exploration mission
Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer (DePhine) is a European mission concept to use a dedicated orbiter to explore the two moons of Mars: Phobos and Deimos
Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer
Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer
Soviet/Russian space station (1986–2001)
trainer. Three command and control modules were constructed for the Mir program. One was used in space; one remained in a Moscow warehouse as a source
Mir
Solar system exploration program by NASA
would conduct multiple landings on Phobos and Deimos. Hall, a Phobos and Deimos sample return mission. Aladdin, a Phobos and Deimos sample return mission
Discovery_Program
1981 video game
Communications: 32–33. ISSN 0147-8907. Keita Iida, "PHOBOS", Atari HQ Bang, Derrick (May–Jun 1983). "Phobos". Computer Gaming World. p. 44. Retrieved 28 July
Caverns_of_Mars
Network of space communication facilities
Venera 12 Venera 13, Venera 14, Venera 15, Venera 16 Vega program Astron Phobos program Granat Interball Spektr-R Fobos-Grunt (in 2011) "Uzbekistan, Russia
Soviet_Deep_Space_Network
Russian upper rocket stage
Fregat’s design was largely based on the spacecraft bus used in the Soviet Phobos program of the late 1980s, itself based on the architecture used for the Soviet
Fregat
Soviet scientist and engineer
1914 – 8 December 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union. He invented the first Soviet pulse jet engine
Vladimir_Chelomey
Martian moons lander
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission to Phobos, a moon of Mars. The rover is designed to land on Phobos and explore its surface before the MMX spacecraft
Idefix_(rover)
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
October 2011 and February 2022 when the last launch occurred before the program was cancelled due to sanctions imposed on Russia by European nations in
Soyuz_programme
Russian space program organization
subject to change. The Soviet space program came under the control of the Russian Federation in December 1991; the new program, now called the Russian Federal
Roscosmos_Cosmonaut_Corps
Planned European interplanetary space tug supporting Mars missions
Mars 2 Mars 3 Mariner 9 Mars 4† Mars 5 Viking program Viking 1 Viking 2 Phobos program Phobos 1† Phobos 2† Mars Observer† Mars Global Surveyor Nozomi†
LightShip_(spacecraft)
Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX
SpaceX Mars colonization program (also referred to as Occupy Mars as a joking reference to the Occupy movement) is the stated long-term objective of the
SpaceX Mars colonization program
SpaceX_Mars_colonization_program
Soviet international spaceflight program
The Interkosmos space program was an international Soviet space program designed to promote cooperation among socialist countries in space exploration
Interkosmos
Early Soviet rocket laboratory
were very important for later achievements of the Soviet rocket and space programs. The 'Reactive Scientific Research Institute' (RNII) was officially established
Reactive Scientific Research Institute
Reactive_Scientific_Research_Institute
Wayback Machine through the Meta Object Protocol D Language Feature Table Phobos std.algorithm D language String Mixins The Little JavaScripter demonstrates
Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages
Comparison_of_multi-paradigm_programming_languages
Russian engineer (1887–1933)
enrolled in the Riga urban technical high school in 1898, for a seven-year program in which he was a top student. During this time, he became acquainted with
Friedrich_Zander
Soviet rocket laboratory 1921 to 1933
Sputnik program Kosmos Bion GLONASS Molniya Meteor Zenit Luna program Zond program Lunokhod program Mars program Phobos program Marsnik program Astron
Gas_Dynamics_Laboratory
Rectangular boulder discovered on the surface of Mars
same time, the Phobos monolith made international news. solar system portal astronomy portal List of rocks on Mars Mineralogy of Mars Phobos monolith, boulder
Mars_monolith
Overview of and topical guide to Mars
features of Mars seen by the Spirit rover Moons of Mars Phobos Phobos monolith Transit of Phobos from Mars Deimos Transit of Deimos from Mars History of
Outline_of_Mars
NASA space program from 1962 to 1973
provided the first closeup pictures of Mars's two small, irregular moons, Phobos and Deimos. Mission: orbit Mars Mass 998 kg (2,200 lb) Sensors: wide- and
Mariner_program
Fourth planet from the Sun
formed from a moon, 20 times more massive than Phobos, orbiting Mars billions of years ago; and Phobos would be a remnant of that ring. Martian time periods
Mars
Technology museum in Zhytomyr, Ukraine
speed of folding 70 km per second. Trajectory of flight to Phobos in 1988. Phobos program Trajectory of flight to Mars View of the porthole with a level
Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics
Serhiy_Pavlovych_Korolyov_Museum_of_Cosmonautics
Russian and Soviet rocket engineer
Sputnik program Kosmos Bion GLONASS Molniya Meteor Zenit Luna program Zond program Lunokhod program Mars program Phobos program Marsnik program Astron
Nikolai Tikhomirov (chemical engineer)
Nikolai_Tikhomirov_(chemical_engineer)
Early Soviet rocket research bureau
Propulsion-Interplanetary Flights (Translated from Russian) (PDF). Israel Program for Scientific Translations. pp. 32, 38–39, 58–59. Retrieved 13 June 2022
Group for the Study of Reactive Motion
Group_for_the_Study_of_Reactive_Motion
Proposed Russian space mission
Sciences in 1997. The project was delayed in the mid-2000s in favor of Phobos-Grunt and Luna-Glob, and it has not been approved since then. Zak, Anatoly
Mars-Aster
Comics character
Piotr Phobos' best-trained students, become founding members of the Soviet Super-Soldiers, a team of government agents. After discovering Phobos' plan
Ursa_Major_(character)
currently in operation on Mars. § - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter
List_of_Mars_landers
Multi-paradigm system programming language
alternative runtime and standard library named Tango, as an alternative to Phobos, D's official runtime and standard library. The first public Tango announcement
D_(programming_language)
Chinese Mars orbiter, never left Earth orbit
"Phobos-Grunt: Failed Russian Mars Probe Falls to Earth". ABC News, 15 January 2012. "Daring Russian sample return mission to Martian moon Phobos aims
Yinghuo-1
States and Soviet Union space missions. Gombosi was involved in the Phobos program to Mars, the Cassini–Huygens mission to Saturn, the Rosetta mission
Tamas_Gombosi
List of fears of different things or objects
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, 'fear') occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe
List_of_phobias
Space agency of Russia
the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2011. "Russia's failed Phobos-Grunt space probe heads to Earth". BBC News. BBC. 14 January 2012. Retrieved
Roscosmos
American physicist (1930–1988)
role with the Japanese space program". Scarf also worked on multiple Soviet space missions, like the Soviet Phobos program. When NASA was prohibited to
Frederick_L._Scarf
Space program of Japan
planned to launch in December 2026 and conduct the first sample return from Phobos. JAXA operates the medium-lift H3 rocket, from Tanegashima Space Center
Japanese_space_program
Crater on the surface of Mars's moon Phobos
years, making it one of the youngest features on Phobos. When the Limtoc impactor collided with Phobos, it created a significant amount of ejecta which
Limtoc
French-American animated television series
Phobos' cunning. When Meridian is finally freed from evil and the true heir takes the throne, a mysterious evil sorceress named Nerissa takes Phobos'
W.I.T.C.H._(TV_series)
Model organism for space research
2011. Retrieved 12 January 2025. Universe Today, "Russian Space Program Prepares for Phobos-Grunt Re-Entry", David Warmflash, 13 December 2011 O'Callaghan
Tardigrades_in_space
Fear and dislike of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange
(from Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign
Xenophobia
the aim of bringing back the first samples from Phobos. The mission also carries the European Phobos rover Idefix. In early November, ESA's Hera spacecraft
2026_in_spaceflight
S-type asteroid in the inner asteroid belt with stony mineralogical composition
rock. A system of much more prominent grooves is seen on the Martian moon Phobos. The pitted appearance of some grooves may suggest that the surface is covered
951_Gaspra
on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021. "Programming glitch, not radiation or satellites, doomed Phobos-Grunt". 7 February 2012. Archived from the original
History of the Chinese space program
History_of_the_Chinese_space_program
s. 3 ep. 12 "Double Helix" s. 4 ep. 23 "Origin of Species" s. 4 ep. 24 "Phobos Rising" s. 7 ep. 21 "The Human Factor" s. 7 ep. 22 "Human Trials" s. 5 ep
List of The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) episodes
List_of_The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)_episodes
East German Remote sensing device
Optoelectronic Stereo Scanner (WAOSS). Participation in the 1988/89 Mars lunar Phobos program, which greatly exceeded GDR involvement in the Vega missions. The Central
MKF-6_(multispectral_camera)
Landing technique
been launched, including penetrators on the two Phobos probe landers targeted for Mars' moon Phobos and ones for Mars itself on Mars 96 and Deep Space
Lithobraking
Uncrewed spaceflight program by NASA
Mars Exploration Program (MEP) is a long-term effort to explore the planet Mars, funded and led by NASA. Formed in 1993, MEP has made use of orbital spacecraft
Mars_Exploration_Program
1985 Soviet space program with the first balloon flight on Venus
The Vega program (Russian: Вега) was a series of Venus missions that also took advantage of the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1986. Vega 1 and Vega
Vega_program
US spacecraft and robotics company
Robotics was sold to Blue Origin. In February 2023, the company shipped the Phobos Mining System to the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and has
Honeybee_Robotics
2013–2017 proposed NASA space mission
"Investigation of a Phobos Sample Return Mission". Archived from the original on October 5, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016. Hoffman, S. "A Phobos-Deimos Mission
Asteroid_Redirect_Mission
NASA program for public suggestions for MRO images
HiWish is a program created by NASA to request a location for the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to photograph. It was started in January
HiWish_program
Observance on 12 April
Venera (1961–1985) Zond (1964–1970) Astron (1983–1991) Vega (1984–1987) Phobos (failed) (1988–1989) Granat (1989–1998) Gamma (1990–1992) Mars 96 (failed)
International Day of Human Space Flight
International_Day_of_Human_Space_Flight
Japan's national air and space agency
launched in October 2026 and is planned to return samples from Mars' moon, Phobos. JAXA operates the H3, a medium-lift launch vehicle, from Tanegashima Space
JAXA
Part of the Fobos-Grunt mission (2011)
Scientist, "Phobos-Grunt Mission Carrying Yinghuo-1 Space Probe Suffers Technical Glitch", Srinivas Laxman, 9 November 2011 The Planetary Society, "Phobos LIFE
Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
on Titan in 2005. The Soviet probe Phobos 2 came within 190 km (120 mi) of performing a landing on Mars' moon Phobos in 1989 before radio contact with
Moon_landing
surrounding the current Phobos (see below) the relationship between the two has not been explicitly explained. The original Phobos first appeared in the
List of Marvel Comics characters: P
List_of_Marvel_Comics_characters:_P
American physicist
plasma. He has been the spokesperson of the PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. PHOBOS has the largest pseudorapidity coverage of
Wit_Busza
Persistent and abnormal fear of water
Aquaphobia (from Latin aqua 'water' and Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is an irrational fear of water. Someone with aquaphobia may have an anxious
Aquaphobia
study methane levels and concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere. Idefix - Phobos rover, in collaboration with DLR, for the JAXA-led Martian Moons eXploration
French_space_programme
Type of spectrometer
resolution for the heavier elements. Alpha-X, for DAS lander on Phobos 1 and Phobos 2. ALPHA, for Mars 96 landers. Collaboration between Germany, Russia
Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer
Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer
Minor planet found within the inner Solar System
unclear whether Martian moons Phobos and Deimos are captured asteroids or were formed due to impact event on Mars. Phobos and Deimos both have much in
Asteroid
Proposed concepts
[citation needed] Some have also considered exploring the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos. By 2020, virtual visits to Mars, using haptic technology, had
Human_mission_to_Mars
travel, tourism, insurance
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