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PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE

  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase
  • Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

    Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine

    Phenylalanine hydroxylase

    Phenylalanine hydroxylase

    Phenylalanine_hydroxylase

  • Phenylketonuria
  • Amino acid metabolic disorder

    nonfunctional phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of excess phenylalanine. This results in the buildup of dietary phenylalanine to

    Phenylketonuria

    Phenylketonuria

    Phenylketonuria

  • Phenylalanine
  • Type of α-amino acid

    irreversible reaction, the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. L-Phenylalanine is biologically converted into L-tyrosine

    Phenylalanine

    Phenylalanine

    Phenylalanine

  • Tyrosine hydroxylase
  • Human enzyme

    Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase together make up the family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAHs). Tyrosine

    Tyrosine hydroxylase

    Tyrosine hydroxylase

    Tyrosine_hydroxylase

  • Tryptophan hydroxylase
  • Class of enzymes

    hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase together constitute the family of biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. TPH

    Tryptophan hydroxylase

    Tryptophan hydroxylase

    Tryptophan_hydroxylase

  • Tetrahydrobiopterin
  • Chemical compound

    cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters

    Tetrahydrobiopterin

    Tetrahydrobiopterin

    Tetrahydrobiopterin

  • Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
  • Protein family

    aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1),

    Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

    Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

    Biopterin-dependent_aromatic_amino_acid_hydroxylase

  • Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
  • Class of enzymes

    recessive genetic disorder in humans in which mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH, EC 1.14.16.1) gene inactivate the enzyme is being explored

    Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

    Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

    Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase

  • Α-Methylphenylalanine
  • Monoamine metabolism inhibitor

    neurotransmitters. It is also an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase, and in conjunction with phenylalanine administration, induces hyperphenylalaninemia

    Α-Methylphenylalanine

    Α-Methylphenylalanine

    Α-Methylphenylalanine

  • List of adrenergic drugs
  • inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine. Entacapone Tolcapone L-Phenylalanine → L-tyrosine → L-DOPA (levodopa) → dopamine L-DOPS (droxidopa) Ferrous

    List of adrenergic drugs

    List of adrenergic drugs

    List_of_adrenergic_drugs

  • Sepiapterin
  • Medication

    for the treatment of hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin is a phenylalanine hydroxylase activator. It is also metabolite that is naturally synthesized

    Sepiapterin

    Sepiapterin

    Sepiapterin

  • Catecholamine
  • Class of chemical compounds

    fight-or-flight response. Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Tyrosine is also ingested directly from

    Catecholamine

    Catecholamine

    Catecholamine

  • Hyperphenylalaninemia
  • Medical condition

    failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine as a result of the entire or partial absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. The coloration of the

    Hyperphenylalaninemia

    Hyperphenylalaninemia

    Hyperphenylalaninemia

  • Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
  • Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

    Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), also known as dopamine β-monooxygenase, is an enzyme (EC 1.14.17.1) that in humans is encoded by the DBH gene. Dopamine

    Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

    Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

    Dopamine_beta-hydroxylase

  • Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
  • Medical condition

    acid, by phenylalanine hydroxylase. However, this enzyme requires tetrahydrobiopterin as a cofactor and thus its deficiency slows phenylalanine metabolism

    Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

    Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

    Tetrahydrobiopterin_deficiency

  • Pleiotropy
  • Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits

    12 that encodes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This mutation leads to the accumulation of the amino acid phenylalanine in the body, affecting multiple

    Pleiotropy

    Pleiotropy

    Pleiotropy

  • Hydroxylation
  • Chemical reaction which adds an –OH group to an organic compound

    into dopamine. 17α-Hydroxylase Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase Dopamine beta-hydroxylase Phenylalanine hydroxylase Tyrosine hydroxylase Hydroxylations are

    Hydroxylation

    Hydroxylation

  • Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
  • Medical condition

    Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD) is a disorder caused by disfunction of tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of dopamine.

    Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency

    Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency

    Tyrosine_hydroxylase_deficiency

  • Tyrosine
  • Amino acid

    amino acid phenylalanine (Phe), which is derived from food. The conversion of Phe to Tyr is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, a monooxygenase

    Tyrosine

    Tyrosine

    Tyrosine

  • 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid
  • Chemical compound

    of the amino acid phenylalanine. The aromatic side chain of phenylalanine is hydroxylated by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase to form tyrosine. The

    4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

    4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

    4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic_acid

  • QDPR
  • Human gene

    Tetrahydrobiopterin works with an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase to process a substance called phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid (a building block

    QDPR

    QDPR

    QDPR

  • Aromatic amino acid
  • Amino acid having an aromatic ring

    inability to breakdown phenylalanine, is due to a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. A dietary lack of tryptophan can cause stunted skeletal development

    Aromatic amino acid

    Aromatic amino acid

    Aromatic_amino_acid

  • Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase
  • Class of enzymes

    4-monooxygenase, cinnamate hydroxylase, cinnamic 4-hydroxylase, cinnamic acid 4-monooxygenase, cinnamic acid p-hydroxylase, hydroxylase, cinnamate 4-, t-cinnamic

    Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

    Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

    Trans-cinnamate_4-monooxygenase

  • Phenylpyruvic acid
  • Chemical compound

    oxidative deamination of phenylalanine. When the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is reduced, the amino acid phenylalanine accumulates and gets

    Phenylpyruvic acid

    Phenylpyruvic acid

    Phenylpyruvic_acid

  • Outline of biochemistry
  • Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry

    individual is missing an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. Absence of this enzyme allows the buildup of phenylalanine, which can lead to intellectual

    Outline of biochemistry

    Outline of biochemistry

    Outline_of_biochemistry

  • Methylene blue
  • Blue dye also used as a medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Methylene blue

    Methylene blue

    Methylene_blue

  • Dopaminergic
  • Substance related to dopamine functions

    β-hydroxylase inhibitors include the centrally active nepicastat and the peripherally selective etamicastat and zamicastat. Phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitors

    Dopaminergic

    Dopaminergic

    Dopaminergic

  • 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene
  • Chemical compound

    4-Dihydroxystyrene (DHS) is a centrally-acting inhibitor of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH). It is likely that DHS and other PH inhibitors will never

    3,4-Dihydroxystyrene

    3,4-Dihydroxystyrene

    3,4-Dihydroxystyrene

  • Essential amino acid
  • Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body

    Phenylalanine and tyrosine are grouped together because tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine using the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Historically

    Essential amino acid

    Essential_amino_acid

  • Enzyme
  • Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst

    the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of phenylalanine, result in build-up of phenylalanine and related

    Enzyme

    Enzyme

    Enzyme

  • 9-Methyl-β-carboline
  • Chemical compound

    dopaminergic neuron cell cultures demonstrated increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and associated transcription factors, increased neurite outgrowth, regeneration

    9-Methyl-β-carboline

    9-Methyl-β-carboline

    9-Methyl-β-carboline

  • Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase
  • Class of enzymes

    Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.40, phenylalanine N-hydroxylase, CYP79A2) is an enzyme with systematic name L-phenylalanine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase

    Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase

    Phenylalanine N-monooxygenase

    Phenylalanine_N-monooxygenase

  • List of dopaminergic drugs
  • Dopastin • Fusaric acid • Nepicastat • Phenopicolinic acid • Tropolone L-Phenylalanine → L-tyrosine → L-DOPA (levodopa) Ferrous iron (Fe2+) • Tetrahydrobiopterin •

    List of dopaminergic drugs

    List of dopaminergic drugs

    List_of_dopaminergic_drugs

  • Tobacco
  • Agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Tobacco

    Tobacco

    Tobacco

  • Benmoxin
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Benmoxin

    Benmoxin

    Benmoxin

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
  • Medical condition

    Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency is an uncommon form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) resulting from a mutation

    Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency

    Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia_due_to_17α-hydroxylase_deficiency

  • Hydralazine
  • Anti-hypertension medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Hydralazine

    Hydralazine

    Hydralazine

  • Dopamine
  • Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter

    perform its neuronal activity. L-Phenylalanine is converted into L-tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, with molecular oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin

    Dopamine

    Dopamine

    Dopamine

  • Changa (drug)
  • DMT-infused smoking blend

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Changa (drug)

    Changa (drug)

    Changa_(drug)

  • Papaver somniferum
  • Species of flowering plant in the poppy family

    of benzylisoquinoline. First, the amino acid phenylalanine, through the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, is transformed into tyrosine. Tyrosine can follow

    Papaver somniferum

    Papaver somniferum

    Papaver_somniferum

  • Ayahuasca
  • South American psychoactive decoction

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Ayahuasca

    Ayahuasca

    Ayahuasca

  • Norepinephrine
  • Catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter

    with tyrosine being the most common. Phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, with molecular oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin

    Norepinephrine

    Norepinephrine

    Norepinephrine

  • Selegiline
  • Medication

    combination with oral L-phenylalanine or β-phenethylamine in the treatment of depression and was reported to be effective. L-Phenylalanine is known to be metabolized

    Selegiline

    Selegiline

    Selegiline

  • Tetrindole
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Tetrindole

    Tetrindole

    Tetrindole

  • Isoniazid
  • Antibiotic for treatment of tuberculosis

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Isoniazid

    Isoniazid

    Isoniazid

  • Vafidemstat
  • Experimental enzyme inhibitor

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Vafidemstat

    Vafidemstat

    Vafidemstat

  • Pterin
  • Substituted bicyclic heterocyclic compound derived from pteridine

    The aromatic amino acid hydroxylases include phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylases. They are involved in the

    Pterin

    Pterin

    Pterin

  • Β-Carboline
  • Group of chemical compounds

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Β-Carboline

    Β-Carboline

    Β-Carboline

  • Codexis
  • American protein engineering company

    Codexis developed a recombinant phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme, to act as a substitute phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme for people who suffer

    Codexis

    Codexis

  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
  • Type of medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

    Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

    Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor

  • PCBD1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    B, Neuheiser F, Curtius HC, Hunziker P, et al. (March 1993). "Phenylalanine hydroxylase-stimulating protein/pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase from

    PCBD1

    PCBD1

    PCBD1

  • List of medical abbreviations: P
  • (meaning intermittent AF) PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension phenylalanine hydroxylase PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PAL posterior axillary

    List of medical abbreviations: P

    List_of_medical_abbreviations:_P

  • Toloxatone
  • Antidepressant

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Toloxatone

    Toloxatone

    Toloxatone

  • Brofaromine
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Brofaromine

    Brofaromine

    Brofaromine

  • Furazolidone
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Furazolidone

    Furazolidone

    Furazolidone

  • Ivar Asbjørn Følling
  • Norwegian physician and biochemist

    down the amino acid phenylalanine due to a hereditary deficiency of the necessary enzyme which is called phenylalanine hydroxylase. Følling's discovery

    Ivar Asbjørn Følling

    Ivar_Asbjørn_Følling

  • Ampyzine
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Ampyzine

    Ampyzine

    Ampyzine

  • Linezolid
  • Antibiotic medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Linezolid

    Linezolid

    Linezolid

  • 4-Fluoroselegiline
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    4-Fluoroselegiline

    4-Fluoroselegiline

    4-Fluoroselegiline

  • Moclobemide
  • Antidepressant

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Moclobemide

    Moclobemide

    Moclobemide

  • Eprobemide
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Eprobemide

    Eprobemide

    Eprobemide

  • 6-APBT
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    6-APBT

    6-APBT

    6-APBT

  • Safrazine
  • Pharmaceutical drug

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Safrazine

    Safrazine

    Safrazine

  • Compound heterozygosity
  • Condition in medical genetics

    1966). "Atypical phenylketonuric heterozygote. Deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase and transaminase activity". Journal of Pediatrics. 68 (3): 351–360

    Compound heterozygosity

    Compound_heterozygosity

  • Phenoxypropazine
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Phenoxypropazine

    Phenoxypropazine

    Phenoxypropazine

  • Zalsupindole
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Zalsupindole

    Zalsupindole

    Zalsupindole

  • Bromo-DragonFLY
  • Psychedelic drug

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Bromo-DragonFLY

    Bromo-DragonFLY

    Bromo-DragonFLY

  • Befloxatone
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Befloxatone

    Befloxatone

    Befloxatone

  • Queuine
  • Chemical compound

    animals provided dietary phenylalanine, suggesting that queuine depletion impairs the activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase. BH4 is a cofactor for the

    Queuine

    Queuine

    Queuine

  • Aleph-2
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Aleph-2

    Aleph-2

    Aleph-2

  • 6-MAPBT
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    6-MAPBT

    6-MAPBT

    6-MAPBT

  • Morpheein
  • Model of protein allosteric regulation

    tetrameric and dimeric forms of wild-type and Thr427→Pro mutant human phenylalanine hydroxylase". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (4): 997–1005. doi:10

    Morpheein

    Morpheein

    Morpheein

  • Monoamine oxidase
  • Family of enzymes

    S, Mosienko V, Bashammakh S, Alenina N, Bader M (2010). "Tryptophan hydroxylase as novel target for the treatment of depressive disorders". Pharmacology

    Monoamine oxidase

    Monoamine oxidase

    Monoamine_oxidase

  • 5-MAPBT
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    5-MAPBT

    5-MAPBT

    5-MAPBT

  • Levodopa/benserazide
  • Medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Levodopa/benserazide

    Levodopa/benserazide

  • 6-Methoxyharmalan
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    6-Methoxyharmalan

    6-Methoxyharmalan

    6-Methoxyharmalan

  • Bulbocapnine
  • Chemical compound

    inhibits biosynthesis of dopamine via inhibition of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. Like apomorphine, it is reported to be an inhibitor of amyloid beta

    Bulbocapnine

    Bulbocapnine

    Bulbocapnine

  • Α-Methyl-p-tyrosine
  • Chemical compound

    α-methyltyrosine, also known in its chiral 2-(S) form as metirosine, is a tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor and is therefore a drug involved in inhibiting the catecholamine

    Α-Methyl-p-tyrosine

    Α-Methyl-p-tyrosine

    Α-Methyl-p-tyrosine

  • Mepacrine
  • Medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Mepacrine

    Mepacrine

    Mepacrine

  • Benserazide
  • Chemical compound often used as medication

    central nervous system: 5-HTP to serotonin Tryptophan to tryptamine Phenylalanine to phenethylamine L-Tyrosine to tyramine Centrally mediated side effects

    Benserazide

    Benserazide

    Benserazide

  • Carbidopa
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Carbidopa

    Carbidopa

    Carbidopa

  • Sembragiline
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Sembragiline

    Sembragiline

    Sembragiline

  • Foscarbidopa/foslevodopa
  • Combination medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Foscarbidopa/foslevodopa

    Foscarbidopa/foslevodopa

    Foscarbidopa/foslevodopa

  • Our Fragile Intellect
  • 2012 article by Gerald Crabtree

    genes may not even be expressed in the brain. For example, the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene is expressed only in the liver, yet its mutation leads to

    Our Fragile Intellect

    Our_Fragile_Intellect

  • List of enzymes
  • 1 CYP2E1 EC 1.14.14.1 CYP3A4 EC 1.14.14.1 Category:EC 1.14.16 Phenylalanine hydroxylase EC 1.14.16.1 Category:EC 1.14.18 Tyrosinase EC 1.14.18.1 Category:EC

    List of enzymes

    List_of_enzymes

  • Tacrine
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Tacrine

    Tacrine

    Tacrine

  • Monoamine oxidase A
  • Endogenous enzyme

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Monoamine oxidase A

    Monoamine oxidase A

    Monoamine_oxidase_A

  • 3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine

    3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine

    3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine

  • Human disease modifier gene
  • Type of modifier gene

    in the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) as a cause of PKU. This led to the understanding that aberrant phenylalanine metabolism was responsible

    Human disease modifier gene

    Human_disease_modifier_gene

  • Diphenhydramine
  • Antihistamine medication

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Diphenhydramine

    Diphenhydramine

    Diphenhydramine

  • Harmala alkaloid
  • Group of chemical compounds

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Harmala alkaloid

    Harmala alkaloid

    Harmala_alkaloid

  • Pharmahuasca
  • Pharmaceutical version of the traditional Ayahuasca entheogen

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Pharmahuasca

    Pharmahuasca

  • Pirlindole
  • Chemical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Pirlindole

    Pirlindole

    Pirlindole

  • Alkylglycerol monooxygenase
  • Class of enzymes

    chromosome 7. In analogy to the enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase, alkylglycerol

    Alkylglycerol monooxygenase

    Alkylglycerol_monooxygenase

  • 4-Methylthioethylamphetamine
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    4-Methylthioethylamphetamine

    4-Methylthioethylamphetamine

    4-Methylthioethylamphetamine

  • Phenelzine
  • Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor and antidepressant drug

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Phenelzine

    Phenelzine

    Phenelzine

  • Aleph-7
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    Aleph-7

    Aleph-7

    Aleph-7

  • Disulfiram
  • Chemical compound

    alcohol is consumed. Besides inhibiting ALDH, disulfiram is a dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor. DBH is an enzyme that converts the monoamine neurotransmitter

    Disulfiram

    Disulfiram

    Disulfiram

  • Chromosome 12
  • Human chromosome

    enzyme Diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolase 2 PAH: phenylalanine hydroxylase PIP4K2C: encoding protein Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase

    Chromosome 12

    Chromosome 12

    Chromosome_12

  • 6-Methoxyharman
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) PAHTooltip Phenylalanine hydroxylase Substrates→Products: Phenylalanine→Tyrosine Inhibitors: 3,4-Dihydroxystyrene α-Methylphenylalanine

    6-Methoxyharman

    6-Methoxyharman

    6-Methoxyharman

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