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Algorithm whose behavior and output may depend on the run
In computer science and computer programming, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors
Nondeterministic_algorithm
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
basis for the abbreviation NP; "nondeterministic, polynomial time". These two definitions are equivalent because the algorithm based on the Turing machine
NP_(complexity)
Algorithm for exact cover problem
Algorithm X is an algorithm for solving the exact cover problem. It is a straightforward recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, backtracking algorithm
Knuth's_Algorithm_X
cover problem Min conflicts algorithm general algorithms for the constraint satisfaction Algorithm X: a nondeterministic algorithm Dancing Links: an efficient
List_of_algorithms
Computational complexity
theory, NL (Nondeterministic Logarithmic-space) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine
NL_(complexity)
Topics referred to by the same term
Nondeterministic programming Nondeterministic algorithm Nondeterministic model of computation Nondeterministic finite automaton Nondeterministic Turing machine Indeterminacy
Nondeterminism
Algorithm in theoretical computer science
Kleene's algorithm transforms a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a regular expression. Together with other conversion algorithms, it establishes
Kleene's_algorithm
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
symbol is required for each state transition. A nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), or nondeterministic finite-state machine, does not need to obey these
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
On finding a repeating loop in a sequence
Scott A. Vanstone, p. 125, describes this algorithm and others Floyd, R.W. (1967), "Nondeterministic Algorithms", J. ACM, 14 (4): 636–644, doi:10.1145/321420
Cycle_detection
Unsolved problem in computer science
an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time". An answer to the P versus NP question would determine
P_versus_NP_problem
Type of algorithm in computer science
In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying
Deterministic_algorithm
Bijective correspondence in mathematics
forgotten. Other methods of defining the correspondence include a nondeterministic algorithm in terms of jeu de taquin. The bijective nature of the correspondence
Robinson–Schensted correspondence
Robinson–Schensted_correspondence
Algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure
A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random
Randomized_algorithm
implemented using a pattern matching machine. The algorithm can also be implemented to run on a nondeterministic Turing machine that uses only logarithmic space;
Sardinas–Patterson_algorithm
Logic problem, AND of pairwise ORs
of the internet, and reconstruction of evolutionary trees. A nondeterministic algorithm for determining whether a 2-satisfiability instance is not satisfiable
2-satisfiability
Complexity class
name, "nondeterministic" refers to nondeterministic Turing machines, a way of mathematically formalizing the idea of a brute-force search algorithm. Polynomial
NP-completeness
Algorithm to transform a regular expression into a finite automaton
McNaughton–Yamada–Thompson algorithm, is a method of transforming a regular expression into an equivalent nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA). This
Thompson's_construction
Measurement of computational complexity
science also considers nondeterministic algorithms and other advanced models of computation. Asymptotically optimal algorithm Hartmanis, J.; Stearns,
Asymptotic computational complexity
Asymptotic_computational_complexity
Unproven computational hardness assumption
NEXPTIME problems nondeterministically in a smaller amount of time, violating the time hierarchy theorem. Therefore, the existence of algorithm A proves the
Exponential_time_hypothesis
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
known algorithm that efficiently solves each SAT problem (where "efficiently" means "deterministically in polynomial time"). Although such an algorithm is
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Method for making finite automata deterministic
construction or subset construction is a standard method for converting a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a deterministic finite automaton (DFA)
Powerset_construction
Given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems
we have an infinite time hierarchy. The time hierarchy theorem for nondeterministic Turing machines was originally proven by Stephen Cook in 1972. It was
Time_hierarchy_theorem
computer science, angelic non-determinism is the execution of a nondeterministic algorithm where particular choices are declared to always favor a desired
Angelic_non-determinism
transforming a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into an equivalent NFA that has a minimum number of states. While efficient algorithms exist for DFA
NFA_minimization
List of unsolved computational problems
This question has profound implications for fields such as cryptography, algorithm design, and computational theory. What is the relationship between BQP
List of unsolved problems in computer science
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science
Type system used in computer programming and mathematics
schemes and their constraints, using techniques similar to those of nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) simplification (useful in the presence of inferred
Hindley–Milner_type_system
Algorithmic problem on pairs of sequences
computer science problem. Because it is polynomial and has an efficient algorithm to solve it, it is employed to compare data and merge changes to files
Longest_common_subsequence
Computational problem of graph theory
Maps. For this application fast specialized algorithms are available. If one represents a nondeterministic abstract machine as a graph where vertices describe
Shortest_path_problem
Logic for safely sharing computer resources
Lamport's bakery algorithm is a computer algorithm devised by computer scientist Leslie Lamport, as part of his long study of the formal correctness of
Lamport's_bakery_algorithm
Model of computational complexity
of that function. It measures the number of input bits that a nondeterministic algorithm would need to look at in order to evaluate the function with certainty
Decision_tree_model
Type of graph in mathematics
strongly unambiguous graphs or mangroves; they can be used to model nondeterministic algorithms in which there is at most one computational path connecting any
Multitree
Heuristic search algorithm for evaluating game trees
computer science, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a heuristic tree search algorithm for some kinds of decision processes, most notably those employed in software
Monte_Carlo_tree_search
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
construction algorithm computes an equivalent nondeterministic finite automaton. A conversion in the opposite direction is achieved by Kleene's algorithm. Finally
Regular_expression
Parser algorithm for languages
cannot accommodate the nondeterministic and ambiguous nature of natural language, and the GLR algorithm can. Briefly, the GLR algorithm works in a manner similar
GLR_parser
Relation between deterministic and nondeterministic space complexity
accepting halting states. In this case, the algorithm returns true when the machine has a nondeterministic accepting path, and false otherwise. The number
Savitch's_theorem
complete for NL, the class of decision problems that can be solved by a nondeterministic Turing machine using a logarithmic amount of memory space. The NL-complete
NL-complete
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
state. The deterministic Turing machine (DTM) is a variant of the nondeterministic Turing machine (NTM). Intuitively, an NTM is just a regular Turing
Complexity_class
Type of automaton
automata can recognize all deterministic context-free languages while nondeterministic ones can recognize all context-free languages, with the former often
Pushdown_automaton
Parsing related to computer science
"deterministic" and "non-deterministic" differs from that used to describe nondeterministic algorithms.) The deterministic behavior is desired and expected in compiling
Deterministic_parsing
Israeli mathematician and computer scientist (1931–2026)
the paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems". Soon, using nondeterministic automata, they were able to re-prove Kleene's result that finite state
Michael_O._Rabin
reductions involved deterministic algorithms, the corresponding concepts for randomized algorithms and nondeterministic algorithms have also been considered.
Fine-grained_reduction
Programming technique on linked lists
implementing backtracking algorithms, such as Knuth's Algorithm X for the exact cover problem. Algorithm X is a recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, backtracking
Dancing_links
Regular expression denial-of-service attack
building a finite-state automaton. Regex can be easily converted to nondeterministic automata (NFAs), in which, for each state and input symbol, there may
ReDoS
Data mining technique
PrefixSpan algorithm and place the products on shelves based on the order of mined purchasing patterns. Commonly used algorithms include: GSP algorithm Sequential
Sequential_pattern_mining
Mathematical model describing how an output of a function is computed given an input
deterministic and nondeterministic variants. Nondeterministic models are used in the study of computational complexity of algorithms. Models differ in
Model_of_computation
Mathematical model of computation
A probabilistic Turing machine is a type of nondeterministic Turing machine in which each nondeterministic step is a "coin-flip", that is, at each step
Probabilistic_Turing_machine
Branch of computational complexity theory
that can be decided by a nondeterministic h(k)⋅|x|O(1)-time Turing machine that makes at most O(f(k)⋅logn) nondeterministic choices in the computation
Parameterized_complexity
Largest integer that divides given integers
algorithm for computing the GCD exists, even for nondeterministic Turing machines. Although the problem is not known to be in NC, parallel algorithms
Greatest_common_divisor
Problem in computer science
nothing compared to the time of a journey through such a cycle. For nondeterministic finite automata (restricted to finite memory), it is also decidable
Halting_problem
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
Links between nodes are often implemented by pointers. nondeterministic algorithm An algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Task of transforming a deterministic finite automaton
equivalent if they recognize the same regular language. Several different algorithms accomplishing this task are known and described in standard textbooks
DFA_minimization
Autonomous military technology system
unlawful in that if a weapon cannot predict its own outcome (Nondeterministic algorithm), the commander authorizing its use cannot guarantee the weapon
Lethal_autonomous_weapon
Boolean satisfiability is NP-complete and therefore that NP-complete problems exist
if P = NP). A decision problem is in NP if it can be decided by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. An instance of the Boolean satisfiability
Cook–Levin_theorem
Finite-state machine
email addresses are syntactically valid. DFAs have been generalized to nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) which may have several arrows of the same label
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Computer memory needed by an algorithm
The space complexity of an algorithm or a data structure is the amount of memory space required to solve an instance of the computational problem as a
Space_complexity
Method by which work is assigned
sure all real-time deadlines can still be met. The specific heuristic algorithm used by an operating system to accept or reject new tasks is the admission
Scheduling_(computing)
Mathematical model of computation
transition for a given state. The powerset construction algorithm can transform any nondeterministic automaton into a (usually more complex) deterministic
Finite-state_machine
Subfield of computational complexity theory
central problems whose best known algorithms are conjectured to be optimal; under these conjectures, the best known algorithms for many problems across seemingly
Fine_grained_complexity
Attempts to formalize the concept of algorithms
Algorithm characterizations are attempts to formalize the word algorithm. Algorithm does not have a generally accepted formal definition. Researchers
Algorithm_characterizations
Type of finite automaton in automata theory
goes to the right most symbol and cycles there infinitely. A two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) may have multiple transitions defined in the
Two-way_finite_automaton
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
is a tautology'. A proof system can be thought of as a nondeterministic polynomial-time algorithm for proving non-satisfiability. That is, given a formula
Proof_complexity
Study of abstract machines and automata
Scott, along with the computational equivalence of deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata. In the 1960s, a body of algebraic results known as
Automata_theory
Overview of and topical guide to computer programming
sequence Search algorithm Sorting algorithm Merge algorithm String algorithms Greedy algorithm Reduction Sequential algorithm Parallel algorithm Distributed
Outline of computer programming
Outline_of_computer_programming
Algorithm relating regular expressions to NFAs
construction algorithm, invented by Victor Mikhailovich Glushkov, transforms a given regular expression into an equivalent nondeterministic finite automaton
Glushkov's construction algorithm
Glushkov's_construction_algorithm
Form of computer memory management
in this regard is reference counting. Garbage collection can have a nondeterministic impact on execution time, by potentially introducing pauses into the
Tracing_garbage_collection
Closure of nondeterministic space under complementation
computational complexity theory, the Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem states that nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation. It was proven
Immerman–Szelepcsényi_theorem
Both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems given more space
theorems are separation results that show that both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems in (asymptotically) more space, subject
Space_hierarchy_theorem
Theorem in computational complexity theory
{\displaystyle {\mathsf {NP}}} is the complexity class of problems solvable in nondeterministic polynomial time and where P C P [ r ( n ) , q ( n ) ] {\displaystyle
PCP_theorem
Behavior in concurrent computing
those steps, the algorithm accepts (indicating "it halts"); if not, it rejects ("it has not halted"). The second part nondeterministically picks a natural
Unbounded_nondeterminism
transition system Deterministic finite automaton Nondeterministic finite automaton Generalized nondeterministic finite automaton Regular language Pumping lemma
List of computability and complexity topics
List_of_computability_and_complexity_topics
Class of computational complexity
{SPACE}}(n^{k}).} It turns out that allowing the Turing machine to be nondeterministic does not add any extra power. Because of Savitch's theorem, N P S P
PSPACE
Subset of languages in formal theory
than that of a nondeterministic one. In the naive implementation, the latter must make copies of the stack every time a nondeterministic step occurs. The
Deterministic context-free language
Deterministic_context-free_language
nondeterministic recognition algorithms. However, for the k {\displaystyle k} -creative sets, the lack of a (more restricted) recognition algorithm can
Polynomial_creativity
Computer science problem
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Algorithm Implementation/Strings/Longest common substring In computer science, a longest common substring of two
Longest_common_substring
State machine for tree structures
rules from Δ have the same left hand side; otherwise it is called nondeterministic (NFTA). Non-deterministic top-down tree automata have the same expressive
Tree_automaton
Complexity class
form "compute f(x)", where f is the number of accepting paths of a nondeterministic Turing machine running in polynomial time. Unlike most well-known complexity
♯P
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
exchange for communicating and synchronizing Orc – highly concurrent, nondeterministic, based on Kleene algebra Oz-Mozart – multiparadigm, supports shared-state
Concurrent_computing
for specifying arbitrary probabilistic programs, as well as a set of algorithms for performing probabilistic inference in the generative models those
Church_(programming_language)
Branch of artificial intelligence
dimensions. Are the actions deterministic or non-deterministic? For nondeterministic actions, are the associated probabilities available? Are the state
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
Computer science award
archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-22 Immerman, Neil (1988), "Nondeterministic space is closed under complementation" (PDF), SIAM Journal on Computing
Gödel_Prize
Combinational digital circuit
multiple-precision arithmetic is an algorithm that operates on integers which are larger than the ALU word size. To do this, the algorithm treats each integer as an
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Algorithm trading more space for lower time
algorithm Computational resource – Aspect of computational complexity theory Savitch's theorem – Relation between deterministic and nondeterministic space
Space–time_tradeoff
Algorithmic process of solving equations
computer science, specifically automated reasoning, unification is an algorithmic process of solving equations between symbolic expressions, each of the
Unification (computer science)
Unification_(computer_science)
Functional programming construct
Thompson, Ken (1968). "Programming Techniques: Regular expression search algorithm". Communications of the ACM. 11 (6): 419–422. doi:10.1145/363347.363387
Pattern_matching
Memory space for a non-deterministic Turing machine
computer would need to solve a given computational problem with a given algorithm. The reason is that DSPACE describes the space complexity used by deterministic
NSPACE
Concurrent constraint logic programming language
otherwise the results of searching for a satisfying assignment will be nondeterministic and unpredictable. Establishing confluence is usually done by way of
Constraint_Handling_Rules
Type of context-free grammar
polynomial time, for example by the CYK algorithm. Unambiguous context-free grammars can be nondeterministic. For example, the language of even-length
Ambiguous_grammar
Combinatorial reconfiguration problem
In theoretical computer science, nondeterministic constraint logic is a combinatorial system in which an orientation is given to the edges of a weighted
Nondeterministic constraint logic
Nondeterministic_constraint_logic
Computer scientist
entitled Semantics and Correctness of Classes of Deterministic and Nondeterministic Recursive Programs. After postdoctoral study at the University of California
Jean_Gallier
Concept in theoretical computer science
119112334170342540 steps before halting. The problem can be extended to nondeterministic Turing machines by looking for the system with the most states across
Busy_beaver
Hypothetical computational model
of carrying out computations involving a countably infinite number of algorithmic steps. These machines are ruled out in most models of computation. The
Zeno_machine
Cryptographic device
number generator (PRNG) that utilizes a deterministic algorithm and non-physical nondeterministic random bit generators that do not include hardware dedicated
Hardware random number generator
Hardware_random_number_generator
Variation of a finite automaton that runs on infinite input
and therefore in which such subsets they can encode. Formally, a nondeterministic ω-automaton is a tuple A = ( Q , Σ , Δ , Q 0 , Acc ) {\textstyle A=(Q
Ω-automaton
automata Emptiness problem for a nondeterministic two-way finite state automaton Equivalence problem for nondeterministic finite automata Word problem and
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Topics referred to by the same term
to: quantum indeterminacy in quantum computers nondeterministic finite automata nondeterministic algorithm In concurrency: indeterminacy in concurrent computation
Indeterminacy_in_computation
Computational Formula that can be measured in terms of True or False
problem for PSPACE, the class of problems solvable by a deterministic or nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial space and unlimited time. Given the formula
True quantified Boolean formula
True_quantified_Boolean_formula
Computational problems no algorithm can solve
undecidable problem is a decision problem for which an effective method (algorithm) to derive the correct answer does not exist. More formally, an undecidable
List_of_undecidable_problems
Theoretical programming language for describing concurrent computations
contains no method of flow control, and program statements run in a nondeterministic way until statements cease to cause changes during execution. This
UNITY_(programming_language)
Concept in theoretical computer science
exactly those input strings that the original automation rejects. With a nondeterministic finite automaton, the state complexity of the complement automaton
Complementation_of_automata
automatons to regular expressions,[how?] as in Kleene's algorithm. Regular expression Nondeterministic finite automaton Daintith, John (2004). "Arden's Rule"
Arden's_rule
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NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
NONDETERMINISTIC ALGORITHM
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