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Selective removal of alleles that are deleterious
In natural selection, negative selection or purifying selection is the selective removal of alleles that are deleterious. This can result in stabilising
Negative selection (natural selection)
Negative_selection_(natural_selection)
Topics referred to by the same term
Negative selection may refer to: Negative selection (natural selection), the selective removal of rare alleles that are deleterious Negative selection
Negative_selection
Aversion to the success of one's subordinates
Negative selection is a political process that occurs especially in rigid hierarchies, most notably dictatorships, but also to lesser degrees in such settings
Negative_selection_(politics)
Elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes by the immune system
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive
Central_tolerance
Type of specialized cells
cortex to the medulla, where the process continues as a negative selection. Without negative selection thymocytes are unable to respond to TCR triggering by
Thymic_epithelial_cell
Immune cell
thymocytes into mature T cells according to either negative or positive selection. This selection process is vitally important in shaping the population
Thymocyte
Endocrine gland
receptors of the body (called positive selection) and not against proteins of the body (called negative selection). The thymus is the largest and most active
Thymus
Breeding for desired characteristics
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular
Selective_breeding
White blood cells of the immune system
double-negative one (DN1) cells. To become T cells, the thymocytes must undergo multiple DN stages as well as positive selection and negative selection. Double
T_cell
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
balancing selection acts to maintain genetic variation in a population, even in the absence of de novo mutation, by negative frequency-dependent selection. One
Natural_selection
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
Balancing selection Disruptive selection Frequency-dependent foraging by pollinators Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Peppered
Directional_selection
Allele equilibrium in a population when creation equals elimination by negative selection
counteracted by negative selection, which acts to purge deleterious mutations. Setting aside other factors (e.g., balancing selection, and genetic drift)
Mutation–selection_balance
technique has shown its efficacy, even though it remains limited. With negative selection, the antibody used is against surface antigen(s) which are known to
Magnetic-activated cell sorting
Magnetic-activated_cell_sorting
Type of selection in evolution where a trait stabilizes around the average value
Stabilizing selection (not to be confused with negative or purifying selection) is a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes
Stabilizing_selection
Disorders of adaptive immune system
(positive selection). In contrast, variants in the TYK2 gene protect against autoimmune diseases but increase the risk of infection (negative selection). This
Autoimmune_disease
Evolutionary process
frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype or genotype increases as it becomes more common. In negative frequency-dependent selection, the fitness
Frequency-dependent_selection
Phenomenon inducing a loss of genetic diversity
Background selection describes the loss of genetic diversity at a locus due to negative selection against deleterious alleles with which it is in linkage
Background_selection
Genetic study of ancient Neanderthal DNA
selected out of the gene pool. Barring hybrid incompatibility or negative selection, most Neanderthal DNA may descend from the children of modern human
Neanderthal_genetics
Microbiological technique
especially useful for "negative selection". However, it is more correct to refer to "negative screening" instead of using the term 'selection'. For example, if
Replica_plating
Gene conferring a phenotype useful for artificial selection
antibiotic selection. Negative or counterselectable markers are selectable markers that eliminate or inhibit growth of the host organism upon selection. An example
Selectable_marker
Management concept by Laurence J. Peter
Founder's syndrome – Founder(s) maintaining disproportionate control Negative selection (politics) – Aversion to the success of one's subordinates Parkinson's
Peter_principle
Class of rule-based machine learning systems
(on negative selection) and Kephart et al. published their first papers on AIS in 1994, and Dasgupta conducted extensive studies on Negative Selection Algorithms
Artificial_immune_system
Proposed cause of autoimmunity
positive selection, but bind strongly to self-antigens are negatively selected also by active induction of apoptosis. This negative selection is known
Molecular_mimicry
are considered to result in positive selection, whereas high affinity interactions are typical for negative selection and interaction with mTECs. MHC II
Cortical thymic epithelial cells
Cortical_thymic_epithelial_cells
Human hybridization during the Paleolithic
influenced the biology of modern humans through both positive and negative selection. Adaptive introgression provided genetic variants that proved beneficial
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans
Young adult novel by Kiera Cass
The Selection is a young adult novel by Kiera Cass first published on April 14, 2012, by HarperCollins. It is the first in a five-book series, followed
The_Selection
called negative selection. If the maturing B cells strongly interact with these self antigens, they undergo death by apoptosis. Negative selection is important
Receptor_editing
Molecule triggering an immune response
antigens. Antibodies usually do not react with self-antigens due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow. The diseases
Antigen
Biological test for adaptive evolution
between species (i.e. Dn/Ds = Pn/Ps). When positive or negative selection (natural selection) influences nonsynonymous variation, the ratios will no
McDonald–Kreitman_test
Method for identifying the sequence-specific target site of a DNA-binding domain
clone. The two reporter genes, HIS3 and URA3, allow for positive and negative selections, respectively. At the end of the process, positive clones are sequenced
Bacterial_one-hybrid_system
involved in selection as they do not impact an organism’s fitness. These findings began to show that the positive or negative selection in Darwinian
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
The_Neutral_Theory_of_Molecular_Evolution
Gene variant
experienced negative selection pressure as a result of pathogens that became more widespread during Roman expansion. The idea that negative selection played
CCR5-Δ32
Aversion to the success of one's peers
Anti-intellectualism Crab mentality Discrimination of excellence Leveling mechanism Negative selection (politics) Overachievement Schadenfreude Taking the piss The Moral
Tall_poppy_syndrome
Aspect of T-cell interactions
involves two distinct developmental stages: positive selection and negative selection. Positive selection ensures that any T-cells with a high enough affinity
MHC_restriction
Type of white blood cell
B cells do not receive the proper signals and cease to develop. Negative selection occurs through the binding of self-antigen with the BCR; if the BCR
B_cell
Extinct human species
that negative selection was likely acting on archaic variants, and provides an appropriate set of null models for evaluating positive selection on introgressed
Neanderthal
Removal of autoreactive B and T cells before they become immunocompetent
recognition and destruction of the self host cells, making it a type of negative selection. Ultimately, clonal deletion plays a role in central tolerance. Clonal
Clonal_deletion
Technique for producing oligonucleotides that specifically bind to a target
specificity of aptamers selected by a given SELEX procedure, a negative selection, or counter selection, step can be added prior to or immediately following target
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
Systematic_evolution_of_ligands_by_exponential_enrichment
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial
Gram-negative_bacteria
Hypothesis about ADHD
positive selection. Furthermore, a 2020 study found that ADHD allele frequency has been decreasing for up to 35,000 years, indicating negative selection. These
Hunter versus farmer hypothesis
Hunter_versus_farmer_hypothesis
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
Disruptive selection. Character displacement Balancing selection Directional selection Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Sympatric
Disruptive_selection
Cellular process
epithelial cells, and cross present "self" peptides on MHC class I as a negative selection check on cytotoxic T cells that have a high affinity for self peptides
Cross-presentation
American economist (born 1969)
Report 2005. "Doctors without Borders? Relicensing Requirements and Negative Selection in the Market for Physicians" (with Robert Sauer), Journal of Labor
Adriana_Kugler
Removal of autoreactive T and B cells outside of the primary lymphoid organs
lymphocytes in the periphery. Dendritic cells (DCs) participate in the negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus, but they also mediate peripheral
Peripheral_tolerance
Book
proposes Putt's Law and Putt's Corollary which are principles of negative selection similar to the Dilbert principle proposed by Scott Adams in 1995.
Putt's Law and the Successful Technocrat
Putt's_Law_and_the_Successful_Technocrat
mutation – mutational meltdown natural selection – natural genetic engineering – nature versus nurture – negative selection – Neo-Darwinism – neutral theory
Index of evolutionary biology articles
Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles
Ecological theory concerning the selection of life history traits
The r/K selection theory is an evolutionary hypothesis examining the selection of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of
R/K_selection_theory
(complexity). Both of these tendencies can be overcome by selection, including stabilizing or negative selection, with the result that diversity or complexity often
Zero-Force_Evolutionary_Law
Cell from a primary tumor carried by blood circulation
epithelial cancer cells in breast cancer patients by negative selection. The principle of negative selection is based on the retrieval of all blood cells by
Circulating_tumor_cell
Satirical observation by Scott Adams
do not manage and those who manage what they do not understand."). Negative selection (politics) – Aversion to the success of one's subordinates Listen
Dilbert_principle
cells must generate a functional B cell receptor (BCR) and overcome negative selection induced by reactivity with autoantigens. Transitional cells can be
Transitional_B_cell
Immune system protein
proteins are eliminated through cell death (apoptosis). Thus AIRE drives negative selection of self-recognizing T cells. When AIRE is defective, T cells that
Autoimmune_regulator
Selective trading based on possession of hidden information
suggested that, the utilization of collateral could reduce the negative effect of adverse selection. In practice, through the promotion of information sharing
Adverse_selection
T cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
context of MHC1. Positive selection means selecting those TCRs capable of recognizing self MHC molecules. negative selection, in which those double-positive
Cytotoxic_T_cell
Process in evolutionary theory
Apostatic selection is a form of negative frequency-dependent selection. It describes the survival of individual prey animals that are different (through
Apostatic_selection
Study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease
presence of evolutionary pressures that induce negative selection during molecular evolution. This negative selection can be determined by tracking the skewness
Genetic_epidemiology
State of unresponsiveness of the immune system
the same antigen, autoreactivity is held in check. This process of negative selection ensures that T and B cells that could initiate a potent immune response
Immune_tolerance
Photographic image produced directly from film
in the selection of images for further enlargement, and for cataloging and identification purposes. For 120 roll film (once a common negative size for
Contact_print
thymocytes determines whether the thymocytes undergo positive or negative selection. Thymic nurse cells (TNCs) are a sub-population of cortical thymic
Thymic_nurse_cell
Bias in a statistical analysis due to non-random selection
Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that the association between exposure
Selection_bias
in these autoreactive T cells (negative selection) or they deviate them to become T regulatory cells (Treg selection), which suppress self-reactive T
Promiscuous_gene_expression
Indirect selection process in breeding
antibiotic selection. Negative selectable markers are selectable markers that eliminate or inhibit growth of the host organism upon selection. An example
Marker-assisted_selection
Klein L, Kyewski B, Allen PM, Hogquist KA (June 2014). "Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don't see)". Nature
Medullary thymic epithelial cells
Medullary_thymic_epithelial_cells
1871 book by Charles Darwin
choices for their wellbeing. For each tendency of society to produce negative selections, Darwin also saw the possibility of society to itself check these
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex
Human hair color
concluded that red hair is not the result of positive selection but of a lack of negative selection. In Africa, for example, red hair is selected against
Red_hair
Genetic technique to create random mutants
example of a negative selection method. Saenz HL, Dehio C (October 2005). "Signature-tagged mutagenesis: technical advances in a negative selection method for
Signature-tagged_mutagenesis
Organ system in vertebrates complementary to the circulatory system
die off. Surviving T cells then move to the thymic medulla, where negative selection removes T cells that bind self-antigens with high affinity, preventing
Lymphatic_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
guides it to thymic medulla, where negative selection takes place. ccr7 knockout mice have leaky negative selection are prone autoimmune disorders. The
C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7
Tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities
display, they will observe a spurious negative relationship between prettiness and rarity as a result of the selection bias (that is, not-prettiness strongly
Berkson's_paradox
Type of immune cell involved in germinal center formation and maintenance
antigen is re-encountered. TFH cells are also thought to facilitate negative selection of potentially autoimmune-causing mutated B cells in the germinal
Follicular_B_helper_T_cells
Evolutionary strategy favoring relatives
Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives
Kin_selection
2026 United States Supreme Court case
including both Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump and Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, Inc., challenging the president's authority to issue tariffs under IEEPA
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump
Learning_Resources,_Inc._v._Trump
Species of conifer
stronger negative selection. Selective removal of alleles that contain potentially unhelpful mutations has the efficacy of efficient natural selection. Modern
Pinus_sylvestris
selection Directional selection Balancing selection Disruptive selection Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Haldane, J. B. S.;
Fluctuating_selection
Preferential mating pattern between individuals with similar phenotypes
Directional selection Disruptive selection Endogamy Genetic sexual attraction Koinophilia Matching hypothesis Negative selection (natural selection) Reinforcement
Assortative_mating
Mode of natural selection
Fecundity selection, also known as fertility selection, is the fitness advantage resulting from selection on traits that increases the number of offspring
Fecundity_selection
peptides by identifying and removing the internal tryptic peptides. This negative selection allows the TAILS method to detect all N-termini in the given samples
Terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates
Terminal_amine_isotopic_labeling_of_substrates
Formal constraint in quantum mechanics
chemistry, a selection rule, or transition rule, formally constrains the possible transitions of a system from one quantum state to another. Selection rules
Selection_rule
In genetics, a stretch of DNA sequences located between genes
regions will evolve slowly because their sequence is maintained by negative selection. In species with very large genomes, a large percentage of intergenic
Intergenic_region
from medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and also function in negative selection of self-reactive T cells. Some subsets of these cells were observed
Thymic_mimetic_cells
Freedom from interference by other people
Negative liberty, or negative freedom, is freedom from interference by other people. Negative liberty is primarily concerned with freedom from external
Negative_liberty
Business practice
Negative option billing is a business practice in which customers are given goods or services that were not previously ordered, and must either continue
Negative_option_billing
Sub-discipline of biology
digestion of proteome samples. The main step of the process is the negative selection of newly generated trypsin peptides using a specialized polymer. The
Degradomics
complex (MHC) are known as dominant epitopes. These are stimulants of negative selection mechanisms to remove potentially self destructing autoreactive T cells
Cryptic_self_epitopes
Process in developmental biology
a negative impact on later development - genetic mutations may be acquired because of proliferation in the blastocyst. This is done via a negative selection
Primordial germ cell migration
Primordial_germ_cell_migration
Human leukocyte antigen serotype, associated with coeliac disease
rim at the Last Glacial Maximum. Triticeae cultivation may apply negative selection on DQ8. While there were numerous members of Triticeae species similar
HLA-DQ8
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
included the neutral theory, that most mutations are neutral and that negative selection happens more often than the positive form, and that all current life
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
death, which allows for selection against yeast carrying the gene. Since URA3 allows for both positive and negative selection, it has been developed as
URA3
Mating with individuals with dissimilar phenotypes
Disassortative mating (also known as negative assortative mating or heterogamy) is a mating pattern in which individuals with dissimilar phenotypes mate
Disassortative_mating
Personal tendency towards negative emotions and poor self-concept
In psychology, negative affectivity (NA), or negative affect, is a personality variable that involves the experience of negative emotions and poor self-concept
Negative_affectivity
Initial stimulus inhibits response to subsequent stimulus
Negative priming is an implicit memory effect in which prior exposure to a stimulus unfavorably influences the response to the same stimulus. It falls
Negative_priming
Lymphocyte protein
the negative selection of thymocytes. in order to avoid the onset of autoimmune diseases, highly self-reactive T cells are removed during the negative selection
Tyrosin-protein_kinase_Lck
Statistical method for genetic variance component estimation
variants tend to have larger and more negative effects as they represent mutation load being purged by negative selection. As with measurement error, this
Genome-wide complex trait analysis
Genome-wide_complex_trait_analysis
Cancer selection can be viewed through the lens of natural selection. The animal host's body is the environment which applies the selective pressures
Cancer_selection
instances at the boundaries that have a negative impact on the data mining task. They can be used by other instance selection algorithms, as a filtering step
Instance_selection
Species of fly
Sepsis thoracica shows positive directional selection in body size that corresponds with negative selection of melanism. In addition, body size and coloration
Sepsis_thoracica
American sociologist (born 1976)
and Yu Xie. 2010. “Who Benefits Most from College? Evidence for Negative Selection in Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Higher Education.” American Sociological
Jennie_E._Brand
Type of biological selective process
frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes more common. In negative frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a
Balancing_selection
Genome engineering tools
resistance to ganciclovir due to loss of the HSV-tk gene, i.e. ("negative selection"). This conventional two-step tag-and-exchange procedure could be
Site-specific recombinase technology
Site-specific_recombinase_technology
2016 film by Chad L. Scheifele
Natural Selection is a 2016 American crime thriller drama film written and directed by Chad L. Scheifele (in his feature directorial debut), based on
Natural_Selection_(2016_film)
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Demolishing Negative Energy
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YAMKA means "blossom."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WAKI means "shelter."
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name ASHKII means "boy."
Female
Native American
Native American Algonquin name WIKIMAK means "wife."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name YOKI means "rain."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ACHAK means "spirit."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ASKOOK means "snake."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHOGAN means "blackbird."
Female
Native American
Native American Dakota name ZITKALA means "bird."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name CHANSOMPS means "locust."
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WITASHNAH means "virginal."
Female
Native American
Native American name APONI means "butterfly."
Male
Native American
Native American Hopi name CHOOVIO means "antelope."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABOOKSIGUN means "wildcat."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name ZIHNA means "spins."
Female
Native American
Native American Sioux name WEEKO means "pretty."
Male
Native American
Native American Algonquin name ABUKCHEECH means "mouse."
Male
Native American
Native American Sioux name CHAYTON means "falcon."
Female
Native American
Native American Hopi name WUTI means "woman."
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
Male
Japanese
(1-妖一, 2-陽一, 3-洋一, 4-与一) Japanese name YOICHI means "bewitching/seductive first (son)," 2) "clear/sun/pride first (son)," 3) "foreign/ocean first (son)," and 4) "participating first (son)."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Reality; Sincerity
Boy/Male
Indian, Kannada, Tamil
From the Sky; Godly
Girl/Female
Spanish
Name of a princess.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sea Shell
Boy/Male
French
Gray-haired.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Angelia | அநà¯à®•à¯‡à®²à®¿à®¯à®¾Â
Messenger of God, Angel
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Sigrún, SIGRUN means "victory-secret."
Girl/Female
German, Greek, Indian
Light of Hymns; Torch; Moon Elope
Girl/Female
Hindu
Human
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
NEGATIVE SELECTION
v. t.
To reject by vote; to refuse to enact or sanction; as, the Senate negatived the bill.
n.
A proposition by which something is denied or forbidden; a conception or term formed by prefixing the negative particle to one which is positive; an opposite or contradictory term or conception.
a.
Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contracted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.
a.
Having the nature of a plant; vegetable; as, vegetive life.
a.
Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic.
n.
That side of a question which denies or refuses, or which is taken by an opposing or denying party; the relation or position of denial or opposition; as, the question was decided in the negative.
a.
Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.
adv.
In a negative manner; with or by denial.
a.
Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; a negative morality; negative criticism.
a.
Of or pertaining to a legate; as, legatine power.
a.
Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as, native silver.
a.
Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.
a.
Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject.
a.
Denying; renouncing; negative.
a.
Expressing denial; belonging to negation; negative.
a.
Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative pronoun.
a.
Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium chloride.
n.
The negative plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.
imp. & p. p.
of Negative
a.
Made by, proceeding from, or under the sanction of, a legate; as, a legatine constitution.