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Type of biological selective process
Balancing selection refers to a number of selective processes by which multiple alleles (different versions of a gene) are actively maintained in the
Balancing_selection
Allele equilibrium in a population when creation equals elimination by negative selection
counteracted by negative selection, which acts to purge deleterious mutations. Setting aside other factors (e.g., balancing selection, and genetic drift),
Mutation–selection_balance
Species having two or more distinct forms
polymorphism relates to a balance or equilibrium between morphs. The mechanisms that conserve it are types of balancing selection.[citation needed] Heterosis
Polymorphism_(biology)
Selective removal of alleles that are deleterious
Balancing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Dysgenics Fluctuating selection Genetic purging Koinophilia Mutation–selection balance
Negative selection (natural selection)
Negative_selection_(natural_selection)
Theory of natural selection
years or exists as a selective by-product. The balancing selection hypothesis suggests that balancing selection, an evolutionary mechanism, has allowed for
Evolution_of_schizophrenia
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
bimodal distribution of trait values. Finally, balancing selection can occur through frequency-dependent selection, where the fitness of one particular phenotype
Natural_selection
Artificial selection of the sex of offspring
marketed under the title family balancing. According to the United Nations Population Fund, the reasons behind sex selection are due to three factors and
Sex_selection
Species of bacteria
United States. Balancing selection may act upon ospC or a nearby sequence to maintain the genetic variety of B. burgdorferi. Balancing selection is the process
Borrelia_burgdorferi
Group of venomous snakes
develop when there are few key prey species. However, recently, balancing selection has been indicated to better explain the maintenance of adaptive
Rattlesnake
Population genetic test statistic
evolving under a non-random process, including directional selection or balancing selection, demographic expansion or contraction, genetic hitchhiking
Tajima's_D
identity (especially for arthropods), sexually antagonistic selection, balancing selection, practice of behaviors needed for reproduction, expression of
Homosexual behavior in animals
Homosexual_behavior_in_animals
American sportswear brand
models. New Balance claims to differentiate its products with technical features, such as blended gel inserts, heel counters and a greater selection of sizes
New_Balance
Evolutionary process
becomes more common. This is an example of balancing selection. More generally, frequency-dependent selection includes when biological interactions make
Frequency-dependent_selection
Practice of eating the flesh of a human being from the same community
Beck, Jonathan A.; Poulter, Mark; Campbell, Tracy; et al. (2003). "Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics"
Endocannibalism
Cell surface proteins, part of the acquired immune system
biologists for explanation. Most posit balancing selection (see polymorphism (biology)), which is any natural selection process whereby no single allele is
Major histocompatibility complex
Major_histocompatibility_complex
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
genome Balancing selection Disruptive selection Frequency-dependent foraging by pollinators Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Peppered
Directional_selection
Type of selection in evolution where a trait stabilizes around the average value
balance their strength and their weight. Ambidirectional dominance Assortative mating Balancing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Frequency-dependent
Stabilizing_selection
Ethnic group of Thailand
Yala, Narathiwat, Phatthalung, Trang, and Satun. Among the Maniq, balancing selection has been identified in genes relating to olfactory receptors and
Maniq_people
Digital workload distribution techniques
Load balancing can optimize response time and avoid unevenly overloading some compute nodes while other compute nodes are left idle. Load balancing is the
Load_balancing_(computing)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
disequilibrium and are maintained at intermediate frequencies through balancing selection. There are two common SNVs in ERAP2 that facilitate the alternative
ERAP2
Protein of the immune system
gene remains in two species, likely due to strong pathogen-mediated balancing selection by pathogens that can infect both species. Birth-and-death evolution
MHC_class_I
Dog breed
Shu-sheng; Peng, Jian-guo; Zhang, Ya-ping (2013-02-12). "Signature of Balancing Selection at the MC1R Gene in Kunming Dog Populations". PLOS ONE. 8 (2) e55469
Kunming_dog
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
Disruptive selection. Character displacement Balancing selection Directional selection Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Sympatric
Disruptive_selection
2002 video game
Natural Selection is a modification for the video game Half-Life. Its concept is a mixture of the first-person shooter and real-time strategy game genres
Natural Selection (video game)
Natural_Selection_(video_game)
competitive-balance tax threshold, which means their first pick will get moved down 10 spots. Forfeited The Blue Jays forfeited their second-round selection as
2026 Major League Baseball draft
2026_Major_League_Baseball_draft
Species of bacterium
Unckless RL, Howick VM, Lazzaro BP (January 2016). "Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila". Current Biology. 26 (2):
Providencia_rettgeri
Occurrence in an interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes
HLA-B HLA-DRB1 loci alone. Some polymorphism may be maintained by balancing selection. A rule of thumb that is sometimes used is to classify genetic variants
Gene_polymorphism
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Thomas P.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Buck, Gregory B. (2001). "Balancing natural and sexual selection in sockeye salmon: interactions between body size, reproductive
Evolution
Polymorphism of organellar DNA sequences in a cell
natural selection which result in fluctuations in the frequencies of various organellar DNA copies. Both purifying selection and balancing selection can be
Heteroplasmy
2026 United States Supreme Court case
and one of the lawyers in V.O.S. Selections argue that these Trade Act tariffs are also illegal because the balance-of-payments deficit required by Section
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump
Learning_Resources,_Inc._v._Trump
Termination of a species' lineage
population size, but by any factor that affects evolvability, including balancing selection, cryptic genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and robustness
Extinction
Evolutionary biologist
evolution, he emphasized the importance of advantageous mutations and balancing selection. For that reason, Gillespie is well known for his selectionist stance
John_H._Gillespie
Bird behaviour related to reproduction and early development
patch could cover, balancing energy costs and chick survival, a concept known as Lack's clutch size, maintained by balancing selection. Egg development
Breeding_behaviour_of_birds
Genus of bacteria
Unckless RL, Howick VM, Lazzaro BP (January 2016). "Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila". Current Biology. 26 (2):
Providencia_(bacterium)
Theory in international relations
world. Thomas Mowle and David Sacko describe "soft balancing" as "balancing that does not balance at all." These theoretical efforts are counter-productive
Balance of power (international relations)
Balance_of_power_(international_relations)
Statistical test in population genetics
sequences from those evolving non-randomly (through directional selection or balancing selection, demographic expansion or contraction or genetic hitchhiking)
Fay_and_Wu's_H
Mating with individuals with dissimilar phenotypes
alleles to approach fixation. Disassortative mating may result in balancing selection and the maintenance of high genetic variation in the population.
Disassortative_mating
selection Directional selection Balancing selection Disruptive selection Negative selection (natural selection) Stabilizing selection Haldane, J. B. S.;
Fluctuating_selection
Ecological theory concerning the selection of life history traits
The r/K selection theory is an evolutionary hypothesis examining the selection of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of
R/K_selection_theory
This is balancing selection or genetic polymorphism, balanced between fierce selection against homozygous sickle-cell sufferers, and selection against
List_of_polymorphisms
Medical condition
Shephard EA, Yamazaki H, Phillips IR (2007). "Molecular evolution and balancing selection in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 gene (FMO3)". Pharmacogenet
Trimethylaminuria
Coexistence of female and hermaphrodite within a population
the balancing selection theory, considers the genetic factors that control gynodioecy over long evolutionary time scales. The balancing selection leads
Gynodioecy
Packet routing strategy
bandwidth by load-balancing traffic over multiple paths; however, there may be significant problems in deploying it in practice. Load balancing by per-packet
Equal-cost_multi-path_routing
Classification of blood types
continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection. Both theories contradict the previously held theory that type O
ABO_blood_group_system
which was derived in 1991. The HKA test is best used to look for balancing selection, recent selective sweeps or other variation-reducing forces. Neutral
HKA_test
Difference in a quantitative trait between heterozygous and homozygous genotypes
variation at an overdominant locus is expected to be maintained by balancing selection. The high fitness of heterozygous genotypes favours the persistence
Heterosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(TNFα) was found to up-regulate TMEM171. TMEM171 has signatures of balancing selection, which include a significant excess of polymorphisms and intermediate-frequency
TMEM171
Chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed
between this population and a population without the inversion. Balancing selection can also result in inversion polymorphism by frequency dependence
Chromosomal_inversion
American geneticist
PMC 1064851. PMID 15757364. Kreitman, M.; Di Rienzo, A. (2004). "Balancing claims for balancing selection". Trends in Genetics. 20 (7): 300–304. doi:10.1016/j.tig
Martin_Kreitman
Chemical compound
suggests that this polymorphism may have been maintained through balancing selection. Chimpanzees and orangutans also vary in their ability to taste PTC
Phenylthiocarbamide
Duplication of a gene sequence within a genome
Emerson JJ, Cardoso-Moreira M, Borevitz JO, Long M (June 2008). "Natural selection shapes genome-wide patterns of copy-number polymorphism in Drosophila
Gene_duplication
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
In governance, sortition is the selection of public officials or jurors at random, i.e., by lottery, in order to obtain a representative sample. In ancient
Sortition
Rare, severe disease of lysosomal storage
that wild type, while most selection is purifying selection that operates to eliminate deleterious alleles. The balancing hypothesis, often associated
Tay–Sachs_disease
Subfield of genetics
small populations. Allele frequency spectrum Assortative mating Balancing selection Bias in the introduction of variation Coalescent theory Conservation
Population_genetics
Individual differences in genomic DNA
Also, some highly variable segments are thought to be caused by balancing selection, but there are also studies against this hypothesis. Some of genome
Structural_variation
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
not, both mother and child typically died. This is an example of balancing selection, or the removal of extreme traits. In this case, heads that were
Recent_human_evolution
Subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains
in nature, and therefore are under selection. In the HLA region, genes are under heterozygous or balancing selection, although certain alleles appear to
HLA-DR
Behavior and coloration phenotypes are Y-linked and regulated by balancing selection. These Y-linked traits formed after Y chromosome recombination stopped
Alternative_mating_strategy
British geneticist
endosomal ESCRTIII-complex subunit CHMP2B in frontotemporal dementia Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kuru-like epidemics
Elizabeth Fisher (neuroscientist)
Elizabeth_Fisher_(neuroscientist)
Automatically changing parameters, scenarios, and behaviors in video games in real-time
game difficulty balancing (DGDB), also known as dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA), adaptive difficulty, or dynamic game balancing (DGB), is the process
Dynamic game difficulty balancing
Dynamic_game_difficulty_balancing
Genes on human chromosome 6
majority of human loci. This is consistent with a heterozygous or balancing selection coefficient for these loci. In addition, some HLA loci are among
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Adjustment of color intensities in photography
frequently used for color balancing, as well. Color constancy is, in turn, related to chromatic adaptation. Conceptually, color balancing consists of two steps:
Color_balance
Field of sexual orientation research
Cesare; Camperio Ciani, Giorgia; Capiluppi, Claudio (2018). "Possible Balancing Selection in Human Female Homosexuality". Human Nature. 29 (1). Springer Science+Business
Biology and sexual orientation
Biology_and_sexual_orientation
Component of central heating and cooling systems
Automatic balancing valves are utilised in central heating and cooling systems that rely on flow of water through the system. They use the latest flow
Automatic_balancing_valve
Principle in genetics
alleles can survive at low frequencies), some forms of selection, such as balancing selection, lead to equilibrium without loss of alleles. Mutation will
Hardy–Weinberg_principle
Major League Baseball draft
first overall selection. The St. Louis Cardinals forfeited its top two selections (numbers 56 and 75 in the second and competitive balance round B respectively)
2017 Major League Baseball draft
2017_Major_League_Baseball_draft
Evolutionary strategy favoring relatives
Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives
Kin_selection
Human evolution hypothesis
time 2.4±.4 Mya not explainable by balancing selection. The V lineage shows evidence of recent positive selection. The lineage pattern may be the result
Multiregional origin of modern humans
Multiregional_origin_of_modern_humans
Canada, and Puerto Rico to Major League Baseball teams. The first six selections were set via a lottery, with first round picks belonging to the remaining
2025 Major League Baseball draft
2025_Major_League_Baseball_draft
Breed of cattle
persistence of runs of SNP heterozygosity has been taken to imply balancing selection at some loci. In 1939, the Chillingham Wild Cattle Association Limited
Chillingham_cattle
Concept in game design
Game balance is a branch of game design with the intention of improving gameplay and user experience by balancing difficulty and fairness. Game balance consists
Game_balance
conservative estimates of divergent selection when QST is high, and inconclusive results of balancing selection when QST is low. Additionally, population
QST_(genetics)
Species of fish
Vrijenhoek, Robert C.; Pfeiler, Edward; Wetherington, Jeffrey D. (1992). "Balancing selection in a desert stream-dwelling fish, Poeciliopsis monacha". Evolution
Poeciliopsis_monacha
Major League Baseball draft
overall selection. The Los Angeles Dodgers received the 36th pick as compensation for failing to sign Kyle Funkhouser, the 35th overall selection of the
2016 Major League Baseball draft
2016_Major_League_Baseball_draft
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
Selectionists claimed that such polymorphisms are maintained by balancing selection, while neutralists view the variation of a protein as a transient
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
disorders. Known to Szondi as heterosis, it is currently known as "balancing selection." Szondi concluded that genetic traits confer needs and tendencies
Genotropism
Subspecies of deer
Hervieux D, Serrouya R, Steenweg R (2019) Genomics, environment and balancing selection in behaviourally bimodal populations: The caribou case. Molecular
Barren-ground_caribou
Proposed mechanism of evolution
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the level of the individual
Group_selection
Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
wild-wild hybrids of known parentage may reveal new mechanisms of balancing selection. In life history theory we may find that A. thaliana maintains certain
Arabidopsis_thaliana
Ratio estimating the balance between nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions
known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous
Ka/Ks_ratio
disorders confer a selective advantage against malaria infection (balancing selection). The three major types of inherited genetic resistance (sickle-cell
History_of_malaria
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
and the creation of incompatible allele combinations caused by balancing selection also contribute to the formation of new species. Instances of these
Evidence_of_common_descent
mutation-selection balance to mutation rates. It suggests that the perfection of the performance of a trait, in a specific environment, by natural selection will
Drift-barrier_hypothesis
Type of genetically engineered chromosome
not require balancing. This letter is then followed by an M for "multiply inverted". The M is followed by a number to distinguish balancers of the same
Balancer_chromosome
1989 video game
The Sword of Hope, released in Japan as Selection: Erabareshi Mono, is a role-playing video game developed and published by Kemco for the Game Boy. It
The_Sword_of_Hope
subjective or objective. Individual judgment can be biased, which may require balancing with objective measures. One approach is to identify a list of criteria
Source_selection_criteria
American DJ
When We Dip. Retrieved May 1, 2025. Balance-Walter (March 14, 2025). "Balance Selections 318: Spencer Brown | BALANCE MUSIC". balancemusic.com.au. Retrieved
Spencer_Brown_(musician)
Corporate task of optimizing the existing resources in a company
competitive advantage. Configuring an ERP system is largely a matter of balancing the way the organization wants the system to work, and the way the system
Enterprise_resource_planning
Family of bacteria
Unckless RL, Howick VM, Lazzaro BP (January 2016). "Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila". Current Biology. 26 (2):
Morganellaceae
Genetic point mutation that results in an amino acid change in a protein
Meneu JR, Racimo F, Dannemann M, et al. (May 2015). "Long-Term Balancing Selection in LAD1 Maintains a Missense Trans-Species Polymorphism in Humans
Missense_mutation
Strategy to bring broad appeal to a political campaign
chosen to provide ideological, age, or demographic balance. In U.S. presidential elections, balancing the ticket was traditionally associated with the smoke-filled
Ticket_balance
Biological system that determines the development of an organism's sex
"Duplication and concerted evolution in a master sex determiner under balancing selection". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 280 (1758) 20122968. doi:10.1098/rspb
Sex-determination_system
American physical anthropologist and ecologist
(October 3, 1993). "HLA polymorphism in the Havasupai: evidence for balancing selection". American Journal of Human Genetics. 53 (4): 943–952. PMC 1682387
Therese_Ann_Markow
American evolutionary biologist (1940–2024)
phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a detailed case study of the role of balancing selection in maintaining allelic diversity. Watt made significant and long-standing
Ward_Watt
Individual living life form
Steven D.; Hawksworth, David L. (2021). "Species in lichen-forming fungi: balancing between conceptual and practical considerations, and between phenotype
Organism
58th Binibining Pilipinas pageant
results of the closed-door interview and other activities determined the selection of the 12 semifinalists. These had to give an opening statement, followed
Binibining_Pilipinas_2022
American evolutionary biologist and mathematician (1929–2021)
possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Martin Kreitman was later to do a pioneering
Richard_Lewontin
FOR RUNNING MATE; TEXAN ADDS CONSERVATIVE VOICE TO TICKET; A REGIONAL BALANCE". New York Times. Retrieved October 4, 2015. Staff writer (July 13, 1988)
1988 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
1988_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection
Protein family
host-pathogen interactions, but there is evidence of widespread balancing selection that diptericin is not the only AMP with such polymorphisms. This
Diptericin
Immune signaling pathway of insects
Unckless RL, Howick VM, Lazzaro BP (January 2016). "Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila". Current Biology. 26 (2):
Imd_pathway
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Selection; Choice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Choice; Preference; Selection
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
To Choose; Selection
Surname or Lastname
Dutch
Dutch : patronymic from the personal name Lans (Germanic Lanzo).English : habitational name from Lancing in West Sussex, so named from an Old English personal name Wlanc + -ingas ‘family or followers of’.This was the most frequent name in New Netherland in the 17th century. Among others, Gerrit Frederickse Lansing and his wife, Elizabeth Hendrix, came to America with their European-born children during the late 1640s. There is a waterway near Utica, NY called Lansingkill, named for a family with this surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place. It has been suggested that it might be an altered form of Scottish Ballantine, but the distribution and variants (including Blanding) make it more probable that it is an altered form of a French original.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selection, Choice
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English biscop, Old English bisc(e)op ‘bishop’, which comes via Latin from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’. The Greek word was adopted early in the Christian era as a title for an overseer of a local community of Christians, and has yielded cognates in every European language: French évêque, Italian vescovo, Spanish obispo, Russian yepiskop, German Bischof, etc. The English surname has probably absorbed at least some of these continental European cognates. The word came to be applied as a surname for a variety of reasons, among them service in the household of a bishop, supposed resemblance in bearing or appearance to a bishop, and selection as the ‘boy bishop’ on St. Nicholas’s Day.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Selection choice
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Victorious; Balancing in Everything; Goddess Durga
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Blanton.
Girl/Female
American, Hindu, Indian
Selection
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
Boy/Male
Muslim
Lucky one
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
A Sage
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Faced Like an Elephant
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord of land
Boy/Male
Hindu
Servant of Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Of lofty people.
Boy/Male
Indian
Intelligent, Brilliance
Girl/Female
English
From the US state name Wyoming. Famous bearer: Wyoming Knott, character in Robert Heinlein's "The...
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English
City in Belgium
Female
English
Pet form of English Olivia, probably LIVVY means "elf army."
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
BALANCING SELECTION
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Glance
n.
A ropedancer's balancing pole.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Valance
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Lance
adv.
In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Blanch
v. t.
To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that again.
n.
The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.
n.
A balancing; equipoise.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Blank
n.
The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.
a.
Shooting, as light.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Elance
a.
Balancing; moving like a balance, as it tends to an equipoise or level.
a.
Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing shot.
n.
A sharp instrument used for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.
n.
A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with consequent indecision and doubt.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Balance
n.
The act or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even adjustment of forces.
n.
A weight, power, or agency, acting against or balancing another